Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba
Yanayin atomatik,  Gyara motoci,  Nasihu ga masu motoci,  Articles,  Kayan abin hawa,  Aikin inji

Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Akwai abubuwa daban-daban a cikin tsarin wuta na mota, akan aikinsa wanda dacewar samar da tartsatsin lokaci a cikin wani silinda ya dogara da shi. A cikin motar zamani, wannan aikin ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar lantarki bisa ga software da aka sanya a cikin sashin sarrafawa.

Tsoffin motoci (ba wai kawai tsofaffin ɗalibai na cikin gida ba, har ma da ƙirar baƙi) an sanye su da na'urori masu yawa na injuna waɗanda ke rarraba sigina zuwa nau'ikan tsarin daban-daban. Daga cikin irin waɗannan hanyoyin akwai mai rarrabawa.

Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Menene mai rarrabawa?

Wannan bangare ana kiransa mai rarraba mai rarrabawa a cikin tsarin ƙonewa. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, wannan injin yana da hannu cikin rufewa / buɗe kewayen ɗayan kewayen lantarki na abin hawa.

Ana iya samun ɓangaren tare da ido mara kyau ta ɗaga murfin. Mai rarrabawa zai kasance a cikin yankin murfin silinda. Ba za a iya rikita shi da komai ba, tunda an haɗa wayoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki da murfinsa.

Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Menene don mai rarrabawa?

Rarrabawa yana tabbatar da wadataccen lokaci na motsawa yana fitowa daga sashin kai (murfin wuta). Hanyoyi daban-daban guda huɗu suna faruwa a cikin kowane silinda na injin mai bugun jini huɗu, waɗanda aka maimaita su a cikin jerin kekuna.

A cikin wasu jeri a cikin silinda (ba duk injina suke da tsari iri ɗaya ba), ana matse cakuda-mai. Lokacin da wannan ma'aunin ya kai matsakaicin ƙimarsa (matse injin), toshewar walƙiya ya kamata ya haifar da fitarwa a cikin ɗakin konewa.

Don tabbatar da jujjuyawar ƙafafun ƙafafun, ƙwanƙwasawa ba sa faruwa, bi da bi, amma ya dogara da matsayin kujerun. Misali, a cikin wasu injina-silinda 6, odar harbin walƙiya kamar haka. Da farko, ana yin walƙiya a cikin silinda na farko, sannan a na uku, sannan a na huɗu, kuma sake zagayowar ya ƙare da na biyu.

Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Domin samarda walƙiya tsayayye bisa tsari na agogo, ana buƙatar mai rarrabawa. Yana katse wutar lantarki a cikin wasu da'irori, amma yana samarda na yanzu zuwa takamaiman.

Gnitiononewa na cakuda mai mai ba tare da mai rarrabawa a cikin tsarin tuntuɓar ba zai yiwu ba, tunda yana rarraba odar kunna silinda. Domin ƙarfin lantarki ya isa a wani tsararren lokacin da aka ayyana, ana haɗa samfurin tare da aikin aikin rarraba gas.

Ina mai rabawa yake?

Ainihin, mai rarraba wuta, komai ƙirar sa, yana kan murfin kan silinda. Dalili shi ne an saita shaft mai rarrabawa a juyawa saboda jujjuyawar camshaft na tsarin rarraba gas.

Don haka layin wutar lantarki daga mai rarrabawa zuwa murfin ƙonewa kuma baturin bai yi tsayi ba, an shigar da mai rarrabawa a gefen murfin shugaban silinda inda batirin yake.

Na'urar rarrabawa da yadda take aiki

Dogaro da ƙirar mota, wannan ƙirar na iya samun tsarinta, amma maɓallan maɓalli suna da irin wannan fasalin. Trambler ya ƙunshi abubuwan maɓalli masu zuwa:

  • Shaft tare da kaya, wanda yayi kwalliya tare da motsa lokaci;
  • Lambobin sadarwar da suka karya layin lantarki (dukkan abin da ake kira mai suna mai fasawa);
  • Murfin da ake yin ramuka masu ma'amala (ana haɗa wayoyin BB da su). A cikin wannan ɓangaren, ana fito da lambobi don kowane waya, da kuma kebul na tsakiya wanda ke fitowa daga murfin ƙonewa;
  • A ƙarƙashin murfin akwai darjewa wanda aka ɗora a kan shaft. Hakanan yana haɗa lambobin kyandir da wayoyi na tsakiya;
  • Vacuum ƙonewa lokaci mai kula.
Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Wannan makirci ne gama gari don gyaran lamba na mai rarrabawa. Hakanan akwai nau'in nau'in mara lamba, wanda yana da irin wannan tsari, kawai ana amfani da firikwensin Hall-ka'idar azaman mai warwarewa. An shigar maimakon madaidaiciyar module.

Amfani da gyare-gyaren maras tuntuɓe shine cewa yana iya wuce ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma (fiye da sau biyu).

Ka'idar aiki na mai rarrabawa shine kamar haka. Mai firikwensin crankshaft yana aika bugun jini zuwa murfin. A ciki, a wannan matakin, farkon kunnawa yana aiki. Da zaran sigina ya isa ga na’urar, sai a kunna winding na biyu, wanda a cikinsa ne ake samar da babban karfin wuta saboda shigar da lantarki. Halin yanzu ta hanyar kebul na tsakiya yana zuwa mai rarrabawa.

Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Silinda mai juyawa ya rufe babbar waya tare da madaidaitan igiyar walƙiya. An riga an kawo bugun jini mai ƙarfin gaske zuwa naúrar lantarki mai dacewa da wani silinda.

Cikakkun bayanai game da mahimman abubuwan na'urar rarrabawa

Abubuwa daban-daban na masu rarrabawa suna ba da katsewar lokacin samar da wutar lantarki zuwa iskar wutar lantarki na farko na coil da daidaitaccen rarraba wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi. Hakanan suna ba ku damar daidaita lokacin samuwar walƙiya dangane da yanayin aikin injin (canza lokacin kunnawa) da yin wasu ayyuka. bari mu yi la'akari da su dalla-dalla.

Vacuum regulator

Wannan kashi yana da alhakin canza lokacin kunna wuta (UOZ), idan an buƙata don ingantaccen aiki na motar. Ana yin gyare-gyare a lokacin da injin ɗin ya ƙaru.

Wannan mai sarrafawa yana wakilta ta hanyar rufaffiyar rami, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar igiya mai sassauƙa zuwa carburetor. Mai sarrafa yana da diaphragm. Wurin da ke cikin carburetor yana tafiyar da diaphragm mai sarrafa injin.

Saboda haka, an kuma samar da vacuum a cikin ɗaki na biyu na na'urar, wanda ke ɗan canza kyamarar katsewa ta cikin diski mai motsi. Canza matsayi na diaphragm yana haifar da kunnawa da wuri ko marigayi.

Gyaran Octane

Baya ga mai sarrafa injin, ƙirar mai rarrabawa yana ba ku damar daidaita lokacin kunnawa. Madaidaicin octane shine ma'auni na musamman wanda aka saita madaidaicin matsayi na mahalli mai rarraba dangane da camshaft (yana juyawa a cikin hanyar haɓaka ko rage UOZ).

Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Idan mota aka sake mai da daban-daban maki na fetur, shi wajibi ne don da kansa saita octane corrector ga dace ƙonewa na iska-man fetur cakuda. Ana yin gyare-gyaren a cikin rashin aiki kuma a daidaitaccen saurin aiki da kuma abun da ke tattare da cakuda (sukurori na musamman a cikin jikin carburetor).

Tsarukan da ba su da alaƙa

Wannan nau'in tsarin kunna wuta yana kama da tsarin lamba. Bambancinsa shine cewa a cikin wannan yanayin ana amfani da mai hana lamba (na'urar firikwensin Hall da aka shigar a cikin mai rarraba maimakon na'urar camfi). Har ila yau, yanzu ana amfani da maɓalli don sarrafa tsarin. Tsarin kunnawa mara lamba ba ya sha wahala daga ƙona lamba, wanda mai katse kyamarar ke fama da shi.

Nau'in masu rabawa

Nau'in tsarin ƙonewa ya dogara da nau'in mai rarrabawa. Akwai uku daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan:

  • Saduwa;
  • Saduwa;
  • Lantarki.

Dillalan tuntuɓi sune fasaha mafi tsufa. Suna amfani da injin fashewa. Kara karantawa game da tsarin ƙonewa lamba daban.

Masu tuntuɓar da ba a tuntuɓar su ba suna amfani da abin fashewa na inji. Madadin haka, akwai firikwensin Hall wanda ke aika bugun jini zuwa juzu'in nau'in transistor. Kara karantawa game da wannan firikwensin. a nan... Godiya ga mai rarraba mara lamba, yana yiwuwa a ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuma lambobin ba za su ƙone ba.

Hakanan, saboda ƙarfin wutar lantarki mafi girma, cakuda iskar gas yana ƙonewa a kan lokaci (idan an saita UOZ daidai), wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan tasirin motar da taƙama.

Tsarin ƙonewa na lantarki ba shi da mai rarrabawa kamar haka, saboda babu wasu hanyoyin da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar da rarraba bugun bugun. Komai yana faruwa godiya ga abubuwan motsa jiki na lantarki waɗanda sashin kula da lantarki ke aikawa. Hakanan tsarin lantarki yana cikin rukunin ƙonewa mara lamba.

A cikin injunan da aka sanye su da mai rarrabawa, wannan mai rarrabawar ya bambanta. Wasu suna da dogo mai tsawo, wasu kuma suna da ɗan gajeren lokaci, don haka ko da tare da irin tsarin ƙonewa, kuna buƙatar zaɓar mai rarraba don takamaiman samfurin mota.

Mahimman halaye na mai rarrabawa

Kowane injin mutum yana da halayen aikinsa, sabili da haka dole ne mai rarraba ya daidaita da waɗannan fasalulluka. Akwai sigogi guda biyu waɗanda ke shafar kwanciyar hankali na injin ƙonewa na ciki:

  • Kusurwa na yanayin rufe lambobin sadarwa. Wannan ma'aunin yana shafar saurin rufe hanyar lantarki na mai rarrabawa. Yana tasiri yadda ƙarfin caji na iska yake caji bayan fitarwa. Ingancin walƙiya kanta ya dogara da ƙarfin halin yanzu;
  • Lokacin ƙonewa. Filashin da ke cikin silinda bai kamata ya yi wuta a lokacin da piston ya matse BTC ya ɗauki cibiyar matattu ba, amma a ɗan lokaci kaɗan, don haka lokacin da ya tashi sosai, an riga an fara aikin ƙone mai kuma babu jinkiri. In ba haka ba, ƙimar motar na iya ɓacewa, misali, lokacin canza yanayin tuki. Lokacin da direba ya juya ba zato ba tsammani zuwa motsa motsa jiki, ya kamata a kunna wutar kadan kadan a baya saboda, saboda rashin kuzarin crankshaft, ba a jinkirta aikin kunnawa ba. Da zaran mai motar ya canza zuwa salon da aka auna, UOZ yana canzawa.
Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Dukansu sigogin an tsara su a cikin mai rarrabawa. A cikin akwati na farko, ana yin wannan da hannu. A yanayi na biyu, mai rarrabawa ya daidaita da yanayin yanayin aikin motar. Don yin wannan, na'urar tana da mai kula da centrifugal na musamman, wanda ke canza lokacin samar da walƙiya ta yadda zai kunna wutar a lokacin da fiston ya isa TDC.

Trambler malfunctions

Tunda mai rarrabawa yana ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙananan ɓangarori da yawa wanda aka ɗora nauyin lantarki mai ƙarfi a kansu, matsaloli daban-daban na iya faruwa a ciki. Mafi na kowa su ne masu zuwa:

  • Lokacin da injin din ya tsaya ba saboda kashe wutar ba, amma saboda abubuwan da basu dace ba (hazo mai nauyi, lokacin da za'a iya lura da fashewar wayoyi masu fashewa), murfin mai rarraba zai iya lalacewa. Akwai lokuta da yawa lokacin da fashewa suka bayyana a ciki, amma galibi lambobin suna ƙonewa ko maye gurbin su. Irin wannan lalacewar na iya zama saboda rashin aikin mota;
  • Fushin darjewa ya busa. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar maye gurbinsa, tunda bugun jini ba zai je gajeriyar hanya ba;
  • Capacarfin wutar lantarki ya buge. Wannan matsalar galibi tana tare da ƙari da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka ba kyandirori;
  • Lalacewar shaft ko samuwar lalacewar gidan na'urar. A wannan yanayin, ku ma kuna buƙatar maye gurbin ɓangaren da ya karye;
  • Rushewar yanayi. Babban laifin shine sanya diaphragm ko yayi datti.
Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Baya ga waɗanda aka lissafa, raunin ɓarna na iya faruwa a cikin mai rarrabawa. Idan akwai matsala a cikin samar da walƙiya, dole ne a nuna mashin ɗin ga ƙwararren masani.

Yadda za a bincika idan yana aiki?

Don tabbatar da cewa rashin aikin motar yana da alaƙa da lalacewar mai rarrabawa, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar matakai da yawa:

  • Muna cire murfin kuma mu bincika shi don samuwar hadawan abu, iskar carbon ko lalacewar inji. Zai fi kyau a yi shi cikin haske mai kyau. Ya kamata cikin ya kasance ba shi da danshi da ƙurar graphite. Kada a sami lalacewa a kan maɓallin darjewa, kuma lambobin su zama masu tsabta;
  • Ana bincika injin ta hanyar ɓoye shi. Ana duba diaphragm don hawaye, naushi, ko gurbatawa. Hakanan ana bincika ƙarancin kayan aiki ta bututun na'urar. Don yin wannan, mai motar ya zana iska daga tiyo kadan kuma ya rufe ramin da harshensa. Idan injin ba ya ɓacewa, to diaphragm yana aiki daidai;
  • Ana bincikar matsalar haɓakar ƙarfin ta amfani da multimeter (saitin da bai wuce 20 μF ba). Ya kamata babu karkacewa akan allon na'urar;
  • Idan na'ura mai juzuwar ta keta, to ana iya gano wannan matsalar ta cire murfin da haɗa lambar wayar ta tsakiya tare da darjewa. Tare da rotor mai aiki, walƙiya bai kamata ya bayyana ba.

Waɗannan sune hanyoyin bincike mafi sauki wanda mai mota zai iya aiwatar da kansa. Don ƙarin cikakken bincike da zurfin zurfin bincike, ya kamata ka ɗauki motar zuwa masanin motar da ke aiki da tsarin ƙonewa.

Anan ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo game da duba ɓarnawar mai rarraba SZ:

Dubawa da daidaitawa dillalan kayan gargajiya daga Svetlov

Yadda ake gyara mai rarrabawa

Siffofin gyaran gyare-gyare na mai rarrabawa sun dogara da tsarin sa. Yi la'akari da yadda za a gyara mai rarrabawa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a kan kayan gargajiya na gida. Tun da wannan tsarin yana amfani da sassan da ke ƙarƙashin lalacewa na halitta, sau da yawa gyaran mai rarraba yana saukowa don maye gurbin su.

Tsarin aiki shine kamar haka:

  1. Biyu sukurori ne unscrewed, wanda chopper rotor aka haɗe zuwa tushe farantin. An cire rotor. Don kauce wa kurakurai a lokacin da ake hada tsarin, ya zama dole a sanya alamomi akan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da ma'auni. An cire ruwan bazara daga mai sarrafa centrifugal.
  2. Kwayar ba a kwance ba, wanda aka saita lambar capacitor tare da shi. Wargaza na'urar. Cire abin rufe fuska da mai wanki.
  3. An cire kullun daga rukunin tuntuɓar, bayan haka an cire shi, sannan kuma cire masu wanki daga gare ta.
  4. Ana cire lambar sadarwa mai motsi daga kusurwar ƙungiyar lamba. An tarwatsa mai wanki na kulle, wanda aka haɗa sandar mai sarrafa injin, da kuma sandar kanta (yana kan madaidaicin farantin mai motsi).
  5. An wargaza mai sarrafa injin. Ana danna fil ɗin da ke gyara ƙugiya, don a iya cire maɗaurin kanta. Ana cire puck daga ciki.
  6. An cire shingen mai rarrabawa, ƙusoshin da ke tabbatar da faranti masu ɗaukar nauyi ba a kwance ba. Ana cire farantin mai motsi tare da ɗaukar hoto.

Bayan an rarraba mai rarrabawa, ya zama dole don duba yanayin duk abubuwan da ke motsawa (shaft, cams, plates, bearing). Dole ne babu lalacewa akan ko dai shaft ko kyamarorin.

Trambler: na'urar, matsalar aiki, duba

Duba aikin capacitor. Ya kamata ƙarfinsa ya kasance tsakanin 20 zuwa 25 microfarads. Bayan haka, ana duba aikin mai sarrafa injin. Don yin wannan, danna sanda kuma rufe dacewa da yatsa. Diaphragm mai aiki zai riƙe sanda a wannan matsayi.

Wajibi ne don tsaftace lambobi masu fashewa, canza ma'auni a cikin gidaje masu rarraba (hannun hannu), daidaita madaidaicin lambar sadarwa (ya kamata ya zama kusan 0.35-0.38 mm.) Bayan an yi aikin, an haɗa tsarin a cikin juya oda kuma daidai da alamun da aka saita a baya.

Sauyawa

Idan ana buƙatar cikakken maye gurbin mai rarrabawa, to ana aiwatar da wannan aikin a cikin jerin masu zuwa:

An haɗa tsarin kunna wuta a cikin juzu'i. Idan, bayan maye gurbin mai rarrabawa, injin ya fara aiki ba daidai ba (alal misali, lokacin da aka danna fedarar gas da sauri, saurin ba ya ƙaruwa, kuma injin konewa na ciki yana da alama "shaƙe"), kuna buƙatar canza matsayi kaɗan. na mai rarrabawa ta hanyar juya shi dan kadan a wuri zuwa wani alamar.

Bidiyo akan batun

Anan ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo akan yadda ake magance matsalar tare da kunnawa da wuri a cikin injin carburetor da kanku:

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene alhakin mai rarraba? Mai rarraba shine babban mahimmin abu a cikin tsarin ƙonewa na yawancin motoci na baya. Ana iya sanye shi da mai tuntuɓe ko wanda ba a tuntuɓe (Mai haska Hall). Wannan na’urar tana aiki don samar da bugun jini wanda ke katse cajin jujjuyawar murƙushewar wutar, sakamakon abin da ke haifar da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki a ciki. Wutar lantarki daga murfin ƙonewa tana zuwa tsakiyar babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na mai rarrabawa kuma ta hanyar jujjuyawar jujjuyawar ana watsa shi ta wayoyin BB zuwa madaidaicin walƙiya. Dangane da wannan aikin, ana kiran wannan na’ura mai rarraba wuta.

Alamun lalacewar mai rabawa. Tunda mai rarraba shine ke da alhakin rarrabawa da kuma samar da bugun wuta mai ƙarfi don ƙona cakuda mai-iska, duk lalacewar sa tana shafar halayen motar. Dangane da yanayin rushewar, alamun da ke tafe na iya nuna rabe -raben da ba daidai ba: motar tana motsawa yayin hanzari; saurin zaman banza; wutan lantarki baya farawa; motar ta rasa ƙarfi; ana jin bugun yatsun piston yayin hanzari; ƙara haɗarin mota.

Add a comment