Waɗanne kayan aiki ake amfani da su wajen samar da gawarwakin mota?

Kayan jikin Mota sun bambanta kuma ana amfani dasu don samun fa'idodi, halaye ko sifofin da kowannensu zai bayar. Sabili da haka, abu ne na yau da kullun don samo abubuwan haɗi, tsari ko jikin mota waɗanda suka haɗa nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, manyan dalilan da ke ƙayyade kasancewar kayan aiki daban-daban a cikin kera jiki shine makasudin cimma rage nauyi da haɓaka ƙarfi da amincin tarin saboda amfani da wuta mai sauƙi amma mai ƙarfi.

Kayan yau da kullun don gawarwakin mota

Kayayyakin da aka fi amfani da su wajen samar da aikin jiki a cikin shekarun da suka gabata sune kamar haka:

•  Abubuwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe: ƙarfe da ƙarfe
• Aluminium alkubura
• Magungunan magnesium
• Robobi da allunan su, ko sun kara karfi ko basu karfafa ba
• Gudurawar zafin jiki tare da fiberglass ko carbon
• Gilashin

Daga cikin wadannan kayan aikin motar guda biyar, karfe ne aka fi amfani da shi, sannan robobi, aluminium da fiberglass, wadanda yanzu ba a cika amfani da su a cikin SUVs ba. Kari akan haka, ga wasu manyan ababen hawa, magnesium da carbon fiber sun fara hadewa.

Dangane da rawar kowane abu, yana da kyau a lura cewa ƙarfe yana cikin yawancin motoci, musamman a tsakiya da ƙananan maki. Hakanan akan motocin tsakiyar, galibi zaku iya samun wasu sassan aluminium kamar hoods da sauransu. Sabanin haka, idan yazo ga manyan motoci, sassan aluminium suna ɗaukar fifiko. Akwai ababen hawa a kasuwa tare da gawarwaki kusan gaba ɗaya an yi da aluminium, kamar Audi TT, Audi Q7 ko Range Rover Evoque.

Har ila yau, ya kamata a sani cewa za a iya ƙirƙirar baƙin ƙarfe, an yi wa ado da hubcaps da aka yi da filastik ko aluminum ko allurar magnesium.

A gefe guda kuma, filastik yana da matukar muhimmanci a cikin motocin zamani (har zuwa kashi 50% na sassa, a wasu motoci - filastik), musamman a cikin motar. Dangane da kayan jikin mota, ana iya samun robobi a gaba da baya da bumpers, kayan jiki, gidaje da gidajen madubi na baya, da gyare-gyare da wasu abubuwa na ado. Akwai samfuran Renault Clio waɗanda ke da fenders na gaba na filastik ko wani misali mara ƙarancin gama gari, kamar Citroen C4. Maɗaukaki, wanda aka haɗe a ƙofar baya, kayan roba.

Robobi ne suke bin robobi, yawanci ana amfani da su don ƙarfafa filastik, suna ƙirƙirar kayan haɗi don abubuwan haɗin ginin kamar na gaba da na baya. Kari akan haka, ana amfani da polyester mai kwalliyar zafin jiki ko resin mai don samar da hadaddun abubuwa. Ana amfani dasu galibi cikin kayan haɗi don kunna, kodayake a cikin wasu samfuran Renault Space duk jikinsu da wannan kayan aka yi shi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da su a wasu sassan motar, kamar su fend na gaba (Citroen C8 2004), ko na baya (Citroen Xantia).

Fasaha halaye da rabe-raben manyan kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da jikuna

Tun da kayan jikin mota daban-daban na iya lalacewa kuma suna buƙatar gyarawa a cikin bitar, wajibi ne a san halayen su don kawo gyaran gyare-gyare, haɗuwa da haɗin kai, a kowane yanayi na musamman.

Gannun ƙarfe

Iron, a matsayin irin wannan, ƙarfe ne mai laushi, mai nauyi kuma mai matukar damuwa ga tasirin tsatsa da lalata. Duk da wannan, kayan yana da sauƙi don ƙirƙirar, ƙirƙira da weld, kuma yana da tattalin arziki. Iron da ake amfani da shi azaman kayan jikin mota an haɗa shi da ƙaramin adadin carbon (0,1% zuwa 0,3%). Wadannan gami an san su da ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara silicon, manganese da phosphorus don inganta kayan aikin injiniya, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. A wasu lokuta, additives suna da ƙarin takamaiman dalilai, taurin ƙarfe yana shafar gami da wasu adadin karafa irin su niobium, titanium, ko boron, kuma ana amfani da hanyoyin sarrafawa na musamman don haɓaka halaye, kamar quenching ko tempering zuwa samar da karfen da suka fi karfi ko tare da takamaiman halayen karo.

A gefe guda, ana samun raguwa cikin halayyar shakawar jiki ko ci gaban kwalliya ta hanyar kara wani karamin kaso na sinadarin aluminum, da kuma hada karfi da karfe ko kuma kara haske.

Sabili da haka, bisa ga abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin gami, ana rarraba baƙin ƙarfe kuma an rarraba su kamar haka:

• Karfe, na yau da kullun ko hatimi.
• Babban ƙarfin ƙarfe.
• Higharfin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi sosai
• Steananan ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe: ƙarfi da ƙarfi (Fortiform), tare da boron, da dai sauransu.

Don ƙayyade ainihin abin da motar mota ta karfe ce, ya isa a gudanar da gwaji tare da maganadisu, yayin da za a iya gano takamaiman nau'in gami ta hanyar komawa ga takaddun kayan aikin masana'anta.

Aluminium alkubura

Aluminum ƙarfe ne mai laushi wanda yake da ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da yawancin karafa kuma ya fi tsada da wahalar gyarawa da siyarwa. Duk da haka, yana rage nauyi idan aka kwatanta da karfe har zuwa 35%. kuma ba batun iskar shaka, wanda karfe gami ke da saukin kamuwa da shi.

Aluminium ana amfani dashi azaman kayan jikin gawarwaki kuma yana da allo tare da karafa kamar magnesium, zinc, silicon ko jan ƙarfe, kuma yana iya ƙunsar wasu karafa kamar ƙarfe, manganese, zirconium, chromium ko titanium don haɓaka kayan aikin su na inji ... Idan ya cancanta, ana ƙara sikandira don inganta halayyar waldar wannan ƙarfe.

An rarraba gami na Aluminium bisa ga jerin waɗanda suke, don haka duk abubuwan da aka fi amfani dasu a cikin masana'antar kera wani ɓangare ne na jerin 5000, 6000 da 7000.

Wata hanyar da za a rarraba waɗannan allunan ita ce ta hanyar yiwuwar hardening. Wannan yana yiwuwa ga jerin gwanon 6000 da 7000, yayin da jerin 5000 ba haka bane.

Kayan roba

Amfani da filastik ya girma saboda nauyinsa mai sauƙi, manyan ƙirarorin ƙira da yake bayarwa, ƙwarin haɓakar iskar shaid da ƙananan tsada. Akasin haka, manyan matsalolin sa shine yana lalata aikin lokaci, kuma shima yana da matsaloli game da ɗaukar hoto, wanda ke buƙatar matakai da yawa na shiri, kiyayewa da dawowa.

Polymer da aka yi amfani da su a cikin masana'antar kera motoci an haɗa su kamar haka:

• Thermoplastics, misali, Polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP), Polyamide (PA), Polyethylene (PE), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) ko haɗuwa.
• Tsarin gyaran fuska kamar Resins, Epoxy resins (EP), filastik filastik da aka ƙarfafa robobi (GRP) kamar PPGF30, ko kuma wadanda ba cikakken sinadarin polyester (UP).
• Elastomers.

Ana iya gano nau'in filastik ta hanyar lambar lakabin ta, takaddun fasaha ko takamaiman gwaji.

Gilashin

Dangane da matsayin da suke zaune, an raba gilashin mota zuwa:

• Girman windows
• Gilashin iska
• Gefen gefe
• Gilashin tsaro

Amma ga nau'in gilashi, sun bambanta:

• Lamin gilashi. Ya kunshi tabarau guda biyu manne tare da filastik Polivinil Butiral (PVB), wanda ya rage a tsakanin su. Yin amfani da fim yana kawar da haɗarin fashewar gilashi, yana ba da damar yin tinting ko yin duhu, yana haɓaka mannewa.
• Zafin gilashi. Waɗannan tabarau ne waɗanda ake amfani da zafin rai yayin aikin masana'antu, haɗe tare da matsawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana ƙaruwa sosai, kodayake bayan wuce wannan iyaka, gilashin ya farfashe zuwa gutsure da yawa.

Gano nau'in gilashi, da sauran bayanai game da shi, yana kan silkscreen / alama akan gilashin kanta. A ƙarshe, ya kamata a sani cewa gilashin gilashi abubuwa ne masu aminci waɗanda ke shafar hangen nesa kai tsaye, don haka yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye su cikin yanayi mai kyau, gyara ko maye gurbin idan ya cancanta, ta amfani da hanyoyin lalata gilashi, ƙwanƙwasawa da haɗuwa.

ƙarshe

Yin amfani da abubuwa daban-daban don jikin mota yana biyan buƙatun masana'antun don daidaitawa da takamaiman ayyukan kowane ɓangaren mota. A gefe guda, tsauraran ka'idojin kiyaye muhalli sun wajabta rage nauyin abin hawa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yawan sabbin ƙarfe da ƙarfen da ake amfani da su a masana'antar kera motoci ke ƙaruwa.