Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko
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Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Daga Bama-bamai na Soviet da na Amurka zuwa fitacciyar nasarar fitarwa ta kwaminisanci Czechoslovakia

Har zuwa yakin duniya na biyu, Czechoslovakia yana da ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun kera motoci a duniya - tare da ɗimbin masana'antun, samfura da wadata mai kishi na nasa hanyoyin fasaha da ƙira.

Tabbas, an sami canje -canje na ƙarshe bayan yakin. Na farko, a watan Afrilu da Mayu na 1945, 'yan harin bam din sun kusan lalata masana'antar Skoda a Pilsen da Mlada Boleslav.

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Wannan hoton fayil ɗin yana nuna Ƙungiyar Bama-bamai ta 324 na Amurka akan hanyarta ta zuwa manufa ta ƙarshe na yaƙi, harin bam a masana'antar Skoda a Pilsen.

Ko da yake a wancan lokacin sun kera kayan aikin soja ga Jamusawa, waɗannan masana'antun biyu sun ci gaba da aiki har ya zuwa yanzu, saboda suna da kusanci da wuraren da jama'a ke da yawa kuma haɗarin fararen hula yana da yawa. A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1945, yakin yana gab da ƙarewa, kuma a bayyane yake cewa samfuran masana'antun biyu ba za su iya kaiwa ga gaba ba. Matakin kai hari Pilsen a ranar 25 ga Afrilu yana cikin yanayi na siyasa - don kada motoci da kayan aiki su fada hannun sojojin Soviet. Ma'aikatan masana'anta shida ne aka kashe a Pilsen, amma bisa kuskure suka jefa bama-bamai sun lalata gidaje 335 tare da kashe wasu fararen hula 67.

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Tarayyar Soviet Petlyakov Pe-2 ta jefa bam a cikin shukar da ke Mladá Boleslav, kusan kwana guda bayan ƙarshen yaƙin.

Wani abin da ya fi jawo cece-kuce shi ne harin bam da sojojin saman Soviet suka kai a ranar 9 ga watan Mayun Mlada Boleslav - kusan kwana guda bayan mika wuyan Jamus. Garin dai muhimmiyar cibiyar sufuri ce kuma sojojin Jamus da dama sun taru a nan. Dalilin harin shine rashin bin ka'idojin mika wuya. Mutane 500 sun mutu, 150 daga cikinsu fararen hular Czech ne, masana'antar Skoda ta rushe.

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Wannan shine yadda shuka a cikin Mlada Boleslav ke kula da bama-bamai na Soviet. Hoto daga Taskar Labarai ta Czechasar Czech.

Duk da lalacewa, Skoda da sauri ya ci gaba da samarwa ta hanyar tattara pre-war Popular 995. Kuma a cikin 1947, lokacin da samar da Moskvich-400 (a zahiri Opel Kadett na 1938 model) ya fara a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, Czechs sun shirya. don amsawa tare da samfurin su na farko bayan yakin - Skoda 1101 Tudor.

A zahiri, wannan ba sabon tsari bane gabaɗaya, amma kawai motar zamani ce ta 30s. Ana amfani da injin mai karfin lita 1.1 32 23 (don kwatankwacin, injin Muscovite yana samar da ikon doki XNUMX ne kawai a daidai wannan girma)

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

1101 Tudor - na farko bayan yakin Skoda model

Mafi mahimmancin canji a cikin Tudor yana cikin ƙira - har yanzu tare da fuka-fuki masu tasowa, ba ƙirar pontoon ba, amma har yanzu ya fi na zamani fiye da samfuran pre-yaki.

Tudor ba quite wani taro model: albarkatun kasa ne a takaice wadata, da kuma a cikin riga gurguzu Czechoslovakia (bayan 1948), talakawa dan kasa ba zai iya ko da mafarki na kansa mota. A shekarar 1952, alal misali, motoci masu zaman kansu 53 ne kawai aka yi wa rajista, wani bangare na samar da kayan aikin yana hannun sojoji ne daga jami’an gwamnati da na jam’iyya, amma kashi 90% na zaki ana fitar da su ne zuwa kasashen waje domin samarwa jihar kudaden da za a iya canzawa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Skoda 1101-1102 yana da gyare-gyare da yawa: mai iya canzawa, keken tashar kofa uku har ma da direban hanya.

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Skoda 1200. Talakawan choan Czechoslovak ba za su iya saya ba, koda kuwa suna da hanyoyin yin hakan.

A 1952, Skoda 1200 aka kara a cikin jeri - na farko model tare da duk-karfe jiki, yayin da Tudor yana da wani partially katako. Injin ya riga ya samar da 36 horsepower, kuma a cikin Skoda 1201 - kamar 45 dawakai. Ana fitar da nau'ikan keken tashar 1202 da aka samar a Vrahlabi zuwa dukkan sansanin 'yan gurguzu, gami da Bulgaria, a matsayin motar asibiti. Babu wani a yankin Gabashin da ya kera irin wannan abin hawa tukuna.

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Skoda 1202 Combi a matsayin motar asibiti. Ana shigo da su kuma zuwa Bulgaria, kodayake ba mu sami damar samun bayanai kan ainihin adadin ba. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna aiki a asibitocin gundumar a cikin 80s.

A cikin rabin na biyu na shekarun 50, bayan rugujewar Stalinism da al'adun mutumtaka, an fara wani gagarumin tashin hankali a Czechoslovakia, na ruhaniya da masana'antu. Haskensa mai haske a cikin Skoda shine sabon samfurin 440. An kira shi da farko Spartak, amma sai ya watsar da sunan. – ba ze ma juyin juya hali ga m masu saye a Yamma. Na farko jerin suna powered by saba 1.1-horsepower 40 lita engine, bi da 445 1.2-lita 45-horsepower bambancin. Wannan ita ce mota ta farko da ake kira Skoda Octavia.

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Skoda 440 Spartak. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba an goge sunan Thracian gladiator don kada masu siye a bayan “Mayafin ƙarfe” su ma su same shi “kwaminisanci”. CSFR na perateauna Ga Canjin Canza

Bugu da ƙari, Czechs masu son fitarwa suna ba da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri - akwai sedan, akwai motar tashar tashar kofa uku, akwai ma wani mai laushi mai laushi kuma mai tsayi mai tsayi mai suna Felicia. Su ma suna wasa nau'ikan tagwayen-carb - injin mai lita 1.1 yana fitar da ƙarfin dawakai 50, yayin da lita 1.2 ke yin 55. Babban saurin gudu zuwa 125 km / h - alama ce mai kyau na zamanin don irin wannan ƙaramin ƙaura.

Jaruman gurguzu: Skoda Octavia na farko

Skoda Octavia, sakin 1955

A farkon 60s, shuka a Mladá Boleslav ya sake gina shi gaba ɗaya kuma ya fara samar da sabon samfurin gaba ɗaya tare da injin baya - Skoda 1000 MB (daga Mlada Boleslav, kodayake. в A cikin tarihin mota na Bulgaria, kuma ana kiranta da "Fara 1000". Amma raya engine da tashar wagon ba sosai hade, don haka samar da tsohon Skoda Octavia Combi ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon 70s.

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