Skyactiv X tare da lambar motsa jiki ta motsa jiki da rashin wasanni

Injin fasaha na Mazda ya sami Kyautar Wanda ya kirkiro Media Media Paul Pietsch

Kowace shekara kafafen yada labarai na motsa jiki na motsa jiki na motsa jiki suna gabatar da kyautar Paul Pitch ta kasa da kasa don kirkirar kere kere. A lokacin da ake ƙara ganin motsi na lantarki azaman maye gurbin injin ƙonewa na ciki, an ba da lambar yabo ta Paul Pietsch 2020 don irin wannan injin ɗin zafin. Koyaya, yana da yanayin gaba-garde. Babu wani kamfani da ya sami haɗin haɗuwa kamar injin mai da mai sarrafa kansa kamar injin dizal, tare da fa'idodin nau'ikan injin biyu a cikin samfurin ƙira. Wannan lokaci ne na sake baku labarin yadda wannan na'urar take aiki.

Tare da matsa lamba na allurar mai kamar a cikin injin dizal, kunna walƙiya, kunna kai, "λ" wanda ke canzawa koyaushe, Skyactiv X hakika juyin juya hali ne a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.

Ci gaban Injin HCCI na Mazda ya dawo sama da shekaru 30 kuma ya dogara ne akan zurfin zurfin zurfin binciken mai a ci gaban injin Wankel. Yawancin ƙarni na injiniyoyi an horar dasu akan wannan, wanda ke haifar da yawan ciwon kai da matsaloli, amma kuma yana kawo ƙwarewa sosai.

A cikin zurfin injin rotary ne aka samo nau'ikan na'urori na farko tare da hadawa iri-iri da kunna kai. Injin Wankel kuma yana aiki a matsayin dandamali don haɓaka fasahohin da ke da alaƙa da turbo iri-iri - wannan shine RX-7, wanda ke gabatar da na'urorin turbochargers na VNT na farko, turbin jet ɗin tagwaye da kuma ƙara mai a cikin injin mai wanda Porsche kawai ke amfani dashi.

Sirrin kayan

Koyaya, tushen kai tsaye na Skyactiv X na yanzu shine an riga an tabbatar da sabon ƙarni na injin petur Skyactiv G da Skyactiv D. Idan ka kalli mafita da aka gabatar a cikin waɗannan na'urori, babu makawa za ka ga cewa sun “gane”. “A cikin sabuwar shukar SPCCI, daga gogewar da aka samu daga nazarin ɗakunan konewa zuwa tashin hankali.

Dangane da wannan hasashe, ingancin Skyactiv X ya zarce ingancin injin mai na 2ZR-FXE wanda Toyota Prius ke amfani da shi (ta amfani da sake zagayowar Atkinson) da kashi 39 cikin ɗari, amma Mazda da kansa yana sane da cewa wannan matsakaicin matsayi ba shine mafi mahimmanci ba. batu. Yawancin lokutan injin yana aiki da nauyi kaɗan kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin injin injin yana raguwa sosai. Dangane da cewa a mafi yawan lokuta Skyactiv X yana aiki tare da bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido mai buɗewa, asarar famfo yana raguwa sosai kuma matsakaicin inganci yana ƙaruwa. Wannan, haɗe tare da babban matsin lamba, yana haifar da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa cikin inganci.

Babbar nasara ga injiniyoyin Mazda ita ce gaskiyar cewa Skyactiv X ɗinsu na aiki a cikin yanayi mai kamanceceniya da kunna kai a kan saurin gudu da lodi da yawa. A aikace, yana haɗuwa da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani dasu ba kawai a cikin injin mai da mai ba, amma kuma yayi kama da waɗanda ke cikin injunan ƙaran dizal da injunan mai. Wannan na ƙarshe yana samar da yankuna na al'ada da marasa kyau, amma ba kamar su ba, inda aikin ke faruwa gaba ɗaya tare da gaban walƙiya, a cikin batun Mazda, mummunan cakuda yana ƙonewa kai tsaye tare da taimakon toshewar walƙiya.

Me ke faruwa a Skyactiv X? Duk injunan gwaji da suke aiki bisa yanayin HCCI da aka kirkira har zuwa yau sun dogara ne da rikitarwa mai saurin rikitarwa (dangane da zafi da matsin lamba yayin matsewa da halayen sunadarai na farko tsakanin mai, gas da iska) tare da sigogin aiki marasa ƙarfi, suna wucewa ta hanyoyi da yawa. zuwa aikin injiniya na al'ada. Injin Mazda koyaushe yana amfani da walƙiyar walƙiya azaman mai ƙona wuta. Koyaya, banbanci daga aikin yau da kullun na injin mai yana cikin abubuwan da zasu biyo baya. Wannan ya sa miƙa mulki zuwa halaye daban-daban ya fi daidaita kuma wannan hanyar sarrafa HCCI tana haifar da daidaitaccen tsari.

Abubuwa a ka'ida

Skyactiv X ya dogara ne akan abin da ake buƙata, silinda huɗu, lita 0,5 na Skyactiv G, wanda a cikin kansa kyakkyawan tushe ne tare da ingantaccen aiki. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ƙaura na 16,3 lita a kowane silinda, wanda ya fi dacewa dangane da saurin tafiyar da ƙonewa. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi don aikin HCCI, haɓakar haɓakar geometric ta ƙaru zuwa 1: 95. Don haka, cakuda yana ƙaruwa zuwa yanayin zafin jiki kusa da yanayin zafin jiki na autoignition na mafi yawan ɓangarorin da ke cikin man fetur tare da matsakaicin adadin octane na XNUMXH da kuma yanayin zafin jiki na injiniya na yau da kullun.

Dangane da bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da yawa, daga cikinsu na'urorin firikwensin matsa lamba hudu akan kowane Silinda sune maɓalli, kwamfutar ta yanke shawarar wane nau'in aiki da za a zaɓa. Ƙarshen an ƙaddara bisa ga yankuna masu aiki da yawa, dangane da saurin gudu da kaya (a wasu kalmomi, digiri na ciki na pedal accelerator) na injin. Tare da taimakon wani nau'in swirl na musamman da ake kira SCV (ciki har da bawul ɗin sarrafa iska na musamman a ɗaya daga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa), an ƙirƙiri wani matsananciyar tashin hankali a kusa da axis na Silinda. Dangane da yanayi da kuma dangane da kwatancen matsa lamba da kuma konewa gina-up masu lankwasa, da kuma da yawa wasu sigogi a predefined "maps", da Multi-tashar jiragen ruwa injector injects man fetur a matsi gabatowa na farko ƙarni na kowa dogo dizal. tsarin. - daga 300 zuwa 1200 mashaya - a cikin sassa da yawa. Ana yin haka ne daga dogon bugun bugun jini guda ɗaya (a cikin tsari na walƙiya na yau da kullun) zuwa bugun jini da yawa yayin shan da bugun jini (a cikin aikin kunnawa kai). Babu shakka, rikodin matsi na allurar don injin mai kuma shine mahimmin kashi a cikin samuwar cakuda. Koyaya, wata tambaya mai ma'ana ta taso - ta yaya duka saitin sigogi zasu canza idan kuma lokacin canzawa zuwa ƙananan injin injin da turbocharging, tare da haɓaka matsa lamba na Silinda, kazalika da buƙatar ƙara yawan man fetur ...

Duk abin yana faruwa da sauri

Mazda's SPCCI patent yana da tsayin shafuka 44 da cikakkun bayanai cewa motar tana aiki cikin yanayin kunna wuta ta walƙiya (SPCCI) don wani muhimmin yanki na lokaci. Sarrafa yana dogara ne akan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kunna kai na SPCCI yayin aikin sa - wanda ke da cakude mafi yawa mara kyau, gauraye na yau da kullun, da cakuda mai ɗanɗano kaɗan. A kowane hali, tsarin allura da juyawa yana haifar da yadudduka na abun da ke ciki daban-daban (stratification) mai da hankali a kusa da axis, tare da mafi girman yanki na ciki (iska: rabon mai game da 14,7-20: 1) da yanki mai zurfi (35). - 50: 1). Na ciki yana da isasshen "flammability", kuma na waje ya kai kusan maɗaukakin zafin jiki don kunna kai kusa da babban mataccen cibiyar fistan yayin matsawa. Wutar tartsatsin tartsatsin ya fara kunna yankin ciki, wanda ke haifar da zafin jiki da matsa lamba, wanda hakan kan sa sauran su rika kunna wuta a lokaci guda. Tun da babu walƙiya gaba, yana faruwa a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da bakin kofa don samuwar nitrogen oxides, wanda ke rage girman kasancewar nitrogen oxides, kuma cakuda mai kama da rauni yana ba da ƙarin konewa sosai da ƙananan matakan ƙwayoyin cuta, carbon monoxide da hydrocarbons.

Dangane da yanayin aiki - irin su matsakaicin matsakaici da babban nauyi, kuma a duk lokuta a cikin babban sauri - injin kwampreshin injin ya kunna don taimakawa samar da iska mai yawa kuma ya kara rage cakuda. Ko da yake manufarsa ba don ƙara iko ba, yana ba da gudummawa ga kyawawan halaye masu ƙarfi na motar. Tabbacin ya kuma ambaci cewa motar na iya zama turbocharged, kuma a ma'ana, ƙananan zafin jiki na iya ba da damar yin amfani da injin turbine mai canzawa. A yanzu, duk da haka, sarrafawa tare da kwampreshin inji mai ɗaukar nauyi ya zama mai sauƙi (idan har irin wannan ma'anar ta dace da Skyactiv X). A cewar injiniyoyin Mazda, amfani da turbocharger na iya zuwa a wani mataki na gaba.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sun sami nasarar ƙirƙirar wani abu wanda babu wanda ya isa ya yi - aƙalla ba a cikin sigar serial ba. Yawancin firikwensin firikwensin ana kwatanta su da halayen da aka saita don zaɓin yanayin, amma gaskiyar ita ce, a aikace ana nuna alamar "SPCCI Mode" akan nunin Mazda a mafi yawan lokuta, har ma a cikin ƙananan ƙananan rpm da maɗaukakiyar rpm - har ma da ƙananan ƙananan. rpm Mazda3 sannu a hankali yana tafiya cikin kaya na shida.

Ta yaya wannan ke faruwa a rayuwa ta ainihi?

Bayan irin wannan dogon lokaci na ka'idar, lokaci ya yi da za a amsa tambaya - menene duk wannan ya haifar da aiki a ƙarshe. Kamar takwaransa na mai, motar tana ɗaukar sauri cikin sauƙi kuma tana amsawa da sauri. A lokacin gwaje-gwaje, ciki har da hawan hawa da juyawa a cikin Iskar Gorge, tsaka-tsaki na al'ada da yanayin hanya, Mazda 3 Skyactiv X yana kula da amfani a cikin kewayon kusan 5,2 l / 100 km. Matsakaicin gwajin gwajin da abokan aiki suka samu a Jamus shine 6,6 l / 100km, amma wannan kuma ya haɗa da tuƙi mai sauri. A gwajin tuƙi na tattalin arziki, sun sami 5,4 l/100km, wanda shine 124 g/100 km CO2, wanda yayi daidai da Audi A3 2.0 TDI, BMW 118d da Mercedes A 200d. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa duk da tsarin aiki mai wuyar gaske, wannan na'ura ba ta buƙatar hadaddun fasahar maganin iskar gas, amma, a gefe guda, tsarin allurar matsa lamba yana ƙaruwa. A gefe guda kuma, ƙaramin injin damfara yana da arha fiye da turbocharger, don haka yakamata a sanya shi azaman farashi tsakanin injin dizal da mai.

Injin yana cikin jituwa da ƙarfin hali na Mazda 3 da kyawawan saitunan sa don kusurwa mai daɗi. An shimfida sitiyari daidai gwargwado, kuma motar tana kula da yanayin tsaka-tsaki, tana nuna halin juya ƙafafun baya kawai a tsokana masu kaifi. Ƙara zuwa wannan shine kyakkyawan haɗin tsarin taimako da kayan aiki, wanda a Mazda wani ɓangare ne na kayan aiki a matakai daban-daban. Mun riga mun yi magana isa game da sabon ergonomic abun da ke ciki na iko. Ba a sarrafa ayyukan ta hanyar saka idanu kuma suna da sauƙi da dacewa don aiki. Gabaɗaya, ciki yana da ma'anar haske da inganci wanda kawai aka samo shi a cikin samfuran alatu shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. A takaice - Skyactiv X yana aiki - kuma yana kunna ku da gaske.