Skoda

Abubuwan da ke ciki Tarihin Masu mallakar SkodaLogo da sarrafawaModel1. Bayanin Skoda2. Samfuran TarihiTambayoyi da Amsoshi: Skoda ɗaya ce daga cikin shahararrun masana'anta a duniya, kera motocin fasinja gami da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki. Babban hedkwatar kamfanin yana Mladá Boleslav, Jamhuriyar Czech. Har zuwa 1991, kamfanin ya kasance haɗin gwiwar masana'antu, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1925, kuma har zuwa wannan lokacin ƙaramin masana'anta ne na Laurin & Klement. Yau wani ɓangare ne na VAG (ƙarin bayani game da ƙungiyar an kwatanta shi a cikin wani bita na daban). Tarihin Skoda Kafa fitaccen mai kera motoci a duniya yana da ɗan tarihi mai ban sha'awa. Karni na tara ya ƙare. Mai sayar da littattafai na Czech Vláclav Klement ya sayi keken waje mai tsada, amma ba da daɗewa ba an sami matsaloli tare da samfurin, wanda masana'anta suka ƙi gyarawa. Domin ya "hukumta" unscrupulous manufacturer Vlaclav, tare da sunan sa, Laurin (shi ya kasance sananne makaniki a wannan yanki, da kuma akai-akai abokin ciniki na Clement's bookshop), shirya wani karamin samar da nasu kekuna. Kayayyakinsu sun ɗan bambanta da ƙira kuma sun fi aminci fiye da waɗanda abokin hamayyarsu ya sayar. Bugu da ƙari, abokan hulɗa sun ba da cikakken garanti don samfuran su tare da gyare-gyare kyauta idan ya cancanta. An kira masana'antar Laurin & Klement kuma an kafa shi a cikin 1895. Kekunan Slavia sun fito daga shagon taron. A cikin shekaru biyu kacal, samar da kayayyaki ya fadada har wani karamin kamfani ya riga ya sayi filaye da gina masana’anta. Waɗannan sune manyan abubuwan ci gaba na masana'anta, wanda daga baya ya shiga kasuwar motar duniya. 1899 - Kamfanin ya faɗaɗa samarwa, ya fara haɓaka baburan kansa, amma tare da shirye-shirye don ƙera motoci. 1905 - Motar Czech ta farko ta bayyana, amma har yanzu ana samar da ita a ƙarƙashin alamar L&K. An kira samfurin farko Voiturette. A kan ta, an kera wasu nau'ikan motoci da suka hada da manyan motoci da ma motocin bas. Wannan motar tana dauke da injuna masu siffar V na silinda guda biyu. Kowane injin ya kasance mai sanyaya ruwa. An tsara samfurin don gasar mota a Ostiriya, inda ya lashe ajin mota na hanya. 1906 - Voiturette ya sami injina na silinda 4, kuma bayan shekaru biyu motar zata iya zama tare da ICE mai-silinda 8. 1907 - Domin jawo hankalin ƙarin kudade, an yanke shawarar canza matsayin kamfani daga kamfani mai zaman kansa zuwa kamfanin haɗin gwiwa. Samuwar ta faɗaɗa saboda shaharar motocin da aka kera. Sun sami nasara ta musamman a gasar motoci. Motocin sun nuna sakamako mai kyau, godiya ga abin da alamar ta sami damar shiga cikin gasa na duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin samfurori masu nasara waɗanda suka bayyana a wannan lokacin shine F. Bambance-bambancen motar shine cewa injin yana da girma na lita 2,4, kuma karfinta ya kai 21 dawakai. An yi la'akari da tsarin kunnawa tare da kyandirori waɗanda ke aiki daga babban bugun bugun jini na musamman a lokacin. Dangane da wannan ƙirar, an ƙirƙiri gyare-gyare da yawa, misali, omnibus, ko ƙaramar bas. 1908 samar da babur ya daina. A cikin wannan shekarar, an sake fitar da injin silinda biyu na ƙarshe. Duk sauran samfuran sun sami injin 4-Silinda. 1911 - Fara aikin samfurin Model S, wanda ya sami inji mai karfin 14. 1912 - kamfanin ya karbi mai sana'anta daga Reichenberg (yanzu Liberec) - RAF. Baya ga kera motocin fasinja, kamfanin ya tsunduma cikin kera injuna na yau da kullun, injinan jirage, injinan konewa na ciki tare da na'urorin da ba su da bawul, na'urori na musamman (rollers) da injinan noma (garma tare da injina). 1914 - kamar yawancin masana'antun injiniyoyi, kamfanin Czech kuma an sake tsara shi don bukatun soja na ƙasar. Bayan da Austria-Hungary ta rushe, kamfanin ya fara fuskantar matsalolin kudi. Dalilin haka shi ne cewa tsoffin abokan ciniki na yau da kullun sun ƙare a ƙasashen waje, wanda ke dagula tallace-tallacen kayayyaki. 1924 - Gobara mafi girma ta lalata shukar, inda kusan dukkanin kayan aikin suka lalace. Ko da watanni shida kenan da kamfanin ke murmurewa daga bala'in da ya faru, amma hakan bai hana shi koma baya ba a sannu a hankali. Dalilin wannan shine ƙara yawan gasar daga masana'antun gida - Tatra da Praga. Alamar da ake buƙata don haɓaka sabbin ƙirar mota. Kamfanin ba zai iya jure wa irin wannan aikin da kansa ba, don haka an yanke shawara mai mahimmanci a shekara mai zuwa. 1925 - K&L SA ya zama wani ɓangare na damuwa na Czech SA Škoda Automobile Works a Pilsen (yanzu Škoda Holding). Tun daga wannan shekara, masana'antar kera motoci ta fara kera motoci a ƙarƙashin alamar Skoda. Yanzu hedkwatar tana cikin Prague, kuma babban shuka yana cikin Pilsen. 1930 - Kamfanin Boleslav ya canza zuwa ASAP (kamfanin hada-hadar hannayen jari na masana'antar kera motoci). 1930 - Sabon layin motoci ya bayyana, waɗanda ke karɓar sabon firam ɗin cokali mai yatsa. Wannan ci gaban ya biya diyya ga rashin ƙarfi na torsional duk samfuran da suka gabata. Wani fasalin waɗannan motocin shine dakatarwa mai zaman kanta. 1933 - Kirkirar tsayayyar 420 ta fara. Saboda gaskiyar cewa motar ta juya zuwa 350 kg. mai sauƙi fiye da wanda ya gabace shi, ba shi da ƙarfi kuma ya fi jin daɗin tuƙi, ya sami farin jini sosai. Daga bisani, an kira samfurin Popular. 1934 - Aka gabatar da sabon Superb. 1935 - An fara kerawa cikin sauri. 1936 - An ƙera wani layi na musamman na Favorit. Saboda waɗannan gyare-gyare guda huɗu, kamfanin yana motsawa zuwa babban matsayi tsakanin masu kera motoci a Czechoslovakia. 1939-1945 kamfanin gaba daya ya canza zuwa cika umarnin soja na Reich na Uku. A karshen yakin, kusan kashi 70 cikin XNUMX na karfin samar da alamar an lalata su yayin hare-haren bama-bamai. 1945-1960 - Czechoslovakia ya zama ƙasa mai ra'ayin gurguzu, kuma Skoda ya sami babban matsayi a cikin samar da motoci. A cikin post-yaki lokaci, da dama m model bayyana, kamar Felicia, Tudor (1200), Octavia da Spartak. An fara farkon shekarun 1960 da gagarumin koma baya a ci gaban duniya, duk da haka, godiya ga farashin kasafin kuɗi, motoci na ci gaba da buƙata ba kawai a Turai ba. Akwai ko da kyau SUVs ga New Zealand - Trekka, da kuma Pakistan - Skopak. 1987 - An fara samar da samfurin Favorit da aka sabunta, wanda a zahiri yana haifar da rugujewa. Canje-canjen siyasa da manyan saka hannun jari a cikin haɓaka sabbin abubuwa sun tilasta masu sarrafa alamar neman abokan haɗin gwiwa na ƙasashen waje don samun ƙarin saka hannun jari. 1990 - An zaɓi damuwar VAG a matsayin amintaccen abokin tarayya na waje. Har zuwa ƙarshen 1995, kamfanin iyaye yana samun kashi 70% na hannun jarin alamar. A cikin 2000, kamfanin gaba ɗaya ya wuce ƙarƙashin kulawar damuwa, lokacin da aka fanshe sauran hannun jari. 1996 - Octavia ta sami sabuntawa da yawa, mafi mahimmancin su shine dandamali wanda Volkswagen ya haɓaka. Godiya ga sauye-sauye da yawa don haɓaka halayen fasaha na samfuran, injunan masana'antun Czech suna samun suna don maras tsada, amma tare da ingantaccen gini. Wannan yana ba da damar alamar don aiwatar da wasu gwaje-gwaje masu ban sha'awa. 1997-2001, an samar da daya daga cikin samfurin gwajin, Felicia Fun, wanda aka yi a jikin karba kuma yana da launi mai haske. 2016 - duniyar masu ababen hawa ta ga farkon ketarewa daga Skoda - Kodiaq. 2017 - kamfanin ya gabatar da karami na gaba na Karoq. Gwamnatin alama ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da dabarun kamfanoni da nufin ƙaddamar da samar da sabbin samfura guda uku dozin nan da 2022. Wadannan za su hada da matasan 10 da kuma cikakkun motocin lantarki. 2017 - a wasan kwaikwayo na mota a Shanghai, alamar ta gabatar da samfurin farko na motar lantarki a baya na SUV Class Coupe - Vision. Samfurin ya dogara ne akan dandalin VAG MEB. 2018 - samfurin motar motar Scala ya bayyana a baje kolin motoci. 2019 - kamfanin ya gabatar da Kamiq subcompact crossover. A cikin wannan shekarar, an nuna motar citigo-e iV da ke samar da wutar lantarki na birni. Wasu masana'antar kera motoci ana canza su sashi don kera batura bisa ga fasahar VAG. Logo A cikin tarihi, kamfanin ya canza tambarin da ya sayar da samfuransa sau da yawa: 1895-1905 - samfuran kekuna da babura na farko sun sanya alamar Slavia, wanda aka yi a cikin keken keke tare da ganyen linden a ciki. 1905-25 - an canza tambarin tambarin zuwa L&K, wanda aka sanya shi a zagayen zagaye na ganyen Linden guda. 1926-33 - an canza sunan alamar zuwa Skoda, wanda nan da nan ya bayyana a cikin tambarin kamfanin. A wannan lokacin an sanya sunan alamar a cikin oval tare da iyaka mai kama da sigar da ta gabata. 1926-90 - a cikin layi daya, a kan wasu samfurori na kamfanin, wani silhouette mai ban mamaki ya bayyana, kama da kibiya mai tashi tare da fuka-fukan tsuntsaye. Har yanzu, babu wanda ya san tabbas abin da ke aiki a matsayin ci gaban irin wannan zane kawai, amma yanzu an gane shi a duk faɗin duniya. A cewar wata sigar, yayin tafiya a Amurka Emil Skoda yana tare da wani Ba’indiye kullum, wanda bayanansa na tsawon shekaru yana kan hotuna a ofisoshin gudanarwar kamfanin. Kibiya mai tashi a bangon wannan silhouette ana ɗaukar alama ce ta saurin haɓakawa da aiwatar da ingantattun fasahohi a cikin samfuran samfuran. 1999-2011 - ainihin salon tambarin ya kasance iri ɗaya, kawai launi na baya ya canza kuma hoton ya zama mai girma. Koren inuwa suna nuna alamun abokantaka na muhalli na samfuran. 2011 - Alamar alamar ta sake samun ɗan canji kaɗan. Bayanan baya yanzu fari ne, yana mai da silhouette na kibiya mai tashi sama da bayyanawa, yayin da koren tint ya ci gaba da nuna motsin ci gaban sufuri mai tsabta. Masu mallaka da gudanarwa Da farko, alamar K&L samfuri ne mai zaman kansa. Lokacin da kamfanin ke da masu mallakar biyu (Klement da Laurin) shine 1895-1907. A cikin 1907, kamfanin ya sami matsayi na haɗin gwiwar hannun jari. A matsayin JSC, alamar ta kasance har zuwa 1925. Sa'an nan kuma akwai haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanin haɗin gwiwar Czech na masana'antar kera motoci, wanda ke da sunan Skoda. Wannan damuwa ya zama cikakken mai karamin kamfani. A farkon 90s na XX karni, kamfanin fara smoothly matsawa karkashin jagorancin Volkswagen Group. Abokin tarayya a hankali ya zama mai mallakar alamar. Skoda VAG yana karɓar cikakkun haƙƙoƙin fasaha da ƙarfin samarwa na masu kera motoci a cikin 2000. Model a nan akwai jerin abubuwan samfura daban-daban da suka mirgine layin taron masu sarrafa kansa. 1. Skoda Concepts 1949 - 973 Babeta; 1958 - 1100 Nau'in 968; 1964 - F3; 1967-72 - 720; 1968 - 1100 GT; 1971 - 110 SS Ferat; 1987 - 783 Coupe Favorit; 1998 - Felicia Golden Prague; 2002 - Ahoj; 2002 – Fabia Paris Edition; 2002 - Tudor; 2003 - Mai daki; 2006 - Yeti II; 2006 - Joyster; 2007 – Fabia Super; 2011 - Vision D; 2011 - Ofishin Jakadancin L; 2013 - Vision C; 2017 - Vision E; 2018 - Vision X. 2. Tarihi Production na motoci da kamfanin za a iya raba zuwa da dama lokuta: 1905-1911. Samfuran K & L na farko sun bayyana; 1911-1923 K&L ya ci gaba da fitar da samfura daban-daban dangane da manyan motocin ƙirar nasa; 1923-1932 Alamar ta wuce ƙarƙashin ikon Skoda JSC, samfuran farko sun bayyana. Mafi ban mamaki sune 422 da 860; 1932-1943 Canje-canje 650, 633, 637 sun bayyana. Shahararren samfurin ya kasance babban nasara. Alamar ta ƙaddamar da samar da Rapid, Favorit, Superb; 1943-1952 Babban (gyara OHV), Tudor 1101 da VOS sun kashe layin taro; 1952-1964 Samar da Felicia, Octavia, 1200 da gyare-gyare na jerin 400 (40,45,50) ya fara; 1964-1977 An samar da jerin 1200 a cikin jiki daban-daban. Samfurin Octavia yana karɓar jikin wagon tasha (Combi). Samfurin 1000 MB ya bayyana; 1980-1990 A cikin waɗannan shekaru 10, alamar ta fito da sababbin samfurori guda biyu kawai 110 R da 100 a cikin gyare-gyare daban-daban; 1990-2010 Yawancin motocin da ke gudana suna karɓar sabuntawa na "ƙarni na farko, na biyu da na uku" dangane da ci gaban damuwa na VAG. Daga cikin su akwai Octavia, Felicia, Fabia, Superb. Yeti masu karamin giciye da kananan motoci na Roomster sun bayyana. Samfuran zamani Jerin sabbin samfuran zamani sun haɗa da: 2011 - Citigo; 2012 - Mai sauri; 2014 – Fabia III; 2015 - Mafi Girma III; 2016 - Kodiaq; 2017 - Karok; 2018 - Scala; 2019 - Octavia IV; 2019 - Kamiq. A ƙarshe, muna ba da ƙaramin bayyani na farashi a farkon 2020: Tambayoyi da Amsoshi: Wace ƙasa ce ke kera motocin Skoda? Manyan masana'antu mafi ƙarfi na kamfanin suna cikin Jamhuriyar Czech. Rassansa suna cikin Rasha, Ukraine, Indiya, Kazakhstan, Bosnia da Herzegovina, Poland. Wanene mai Skoda? Wanda ya kafa Vaclav Laurin da Vaclav Klement. A shekarar 1991, kamfanin ya zama privatized.