Tsarin VTEC don injin mota

Injin konewa na cikin gida yana inganta koyaushe, injiniyoyi suna ƙoƙarin "matse" matsakaicin iko da ƙarfi, musamman ba tare da yin amfani da ƙara ƙarar silinda ba. Injiniyoyin kera motoci na Jafananci sun shahara saboda injunan iskar su, a cikin shekarun 90 na karni na ƙarshe, sun karɓi doki 1000 daga ƙarar 100 cm³. Muna magana ne game da motocin Honda, waɗanda aka san su da injunan maƙera, musamman godiya ga tsarin VTEC.

Don haka, a cikin labarin za mu bincika abin da VTEC yake, yadda yake aiki, ƙa'idar aiki da ƙirar ƙira.

Menene Tsarin VTEC

Lokaci Mai Sauyi da Kulawa na Lantarki, wanda aka fassara zuwa Rasha, azaman tsarin lantarki don sarrafa lokacin buɗewa da ɗaga bawul na aikin rarraba gas. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, wannan tsari ne don canza lokacin lokaci. Wannan ƙirar an ƙirƙira ta da dalili.

Sananne ne cewa injin konewa na ciki yana da iyakance iyakar karfin fitarwa, kuma abinda ake kira “shiryayye” na karfin juzu’i takaitacce ne cewa injin din yana aiki da kyau ne kawai a wani yanayi mai saurin gaske. Tabbas, sanya injin turbine yana magance wannan matsalar gaba daya, amma muna sha'awar injinan yanayi, wanda yafi arha don kerawa kuma mai sauƙin aiki.

Komawa cikin shekarun 80 na karnin da ya gabata, injiniyoyin Jafananci a Honda sun fara tunani game da yadda ake yin ƙananan injiniyoyi masu aiki sosai a kowane yanayi, kawar da “taron” bawul-zuwa-silinda kuma ƙara saurin aiki zuwa 8000-9000 rpm.

A yau, motocin Honda suna sanye da tsarin 3 Series VTEC, wanda ke tattare da kasancewar ingantattun kayan lantarki masu alhakin adadin lokacin ɗagawa da lokacin buɗe bawul don yanayin aiki uku (ƙananan, matsakaici da sauri).

A marasa aiki da ƙananan gudu, tsarin yana samar da ingantaccen man fetur saboda cakuda mai laushi, kuma ya kai matsakaici da matsakaici - matsakaicin iko.

Af, sabon ƙarni "VTECH" yana ba da damar buɗe ɗayan bawuloli masu shiga, wanda ke ba da damar adana mai sosai a cikin yanayin gari.

Ka'idodi na asali na aiki

Lokacin da injina ke aiki a ƙananan ƙananan matakan matsakaici, sashin kula da lantarki na injin ƙone ciki yana riƙe bawul din ƙafafun, babu matsa lamba mai a cikin maƙeran, kuma bawul ɗin suna aiki daidai daga juyawar manyan cams.

Bayan kaiwa wasu juyi, wanda akace ana bukatar dawo da yawa, ECU ta aika da sigina zuwa na dodo, wanda, lokacin da aka bude shi, ya mika mai a matsi a cikin ramin roke-roken, kuma ya motsa fil, ya tilasta wayan kamara daya suyi aiki, wanda ya canza tsayin bawul din da lokacin bude su. 

A lokaci guda, ECM yana daidaita haɓakar mai zuwa iska ta hanyar yin allurar wadataccen cakuda cikin silinda don matsakaicin karfin juyi.

Da zaran saurin injin ya sauka, nafin ya rufe tashar mai, pin din ya koma yadda yake, kuma bawul din suna aiki daga cams na gefe.

Don haka, aikin tsarin yana ba da tasirin ƙaramin turbin.

Iri-iri na VTEC

A cikin fiye da shekaru 30 na amfani da tsarin, akwai nau'ikan VTEC guda huɗu:

•  DOHC VTEC;
•  SOHC VTEC;
•  i-VTEC;
•  SOHC VTEC-E.

Duk da yawan lokuta da tsarin sarrafa bugun jini, ka'idar aiki iri daya ce, kawai tsari da tsarin sarrafawa sun banbanta.

DOHC VTEC tsarin

A 1989, biyu gyare-gyare na Honda Integra da aka saki a cikin gida Japan kasuwar - XSi da RSi. Injin mai lita 1.6 an sanye shi da VTEC, kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin shine 160 hp. Abin lura ne cewa injin a cikin ƙananan gudu yana da alaƙa da kyakkyawar amsawar magudanar ruwa, ingantaccen man fetur da abokantaka na muhalli. Af, wannan engine ne har yanzu samar, kawai a cikin wani zamani version.

A tsari, injin DOHC yana sanye da ƙera biyu da bawuloli huɗu a kowace silinda. Kowane nau'i na bawul an sanye shi da cams masu fasali guda uku na musamman, biyu daga cikinsu suna aiki a ƙananan ƙananan matakan, kuma na tsakiya yana "haɗuwa" a cikin hanzari masu sauri.

Caman cam biyu na waje suna sadarwa kai tsaye tare da bawul ta hanyar dutsen, yayin da tsakiyar cam ke aiki ba sai an sami wani saurin gudu.

Ana yin cams na camshaft na gefe a cikin sifa ta musamman ellipsoid, amma suna samar da ingancin mai ne kawai a ƙaramar rpm. Lokacin da saurin ya tashi, an kunna cam na tsakiya, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar matsin lamba na mai, kuma saboda yanayin zagaye da girma, ya buɗe bawul ɗin a lokacin da ake buƙata kuma zuwa mafi tsayi. Saboda wannan, ingantaccen cika silinda yake faruwa, ana bayarda tsarkakewar da ake buƙata, kuma cakuda-iska mai iska yana ƙonewa tare da iyakar aiki.

SOHC VTEC tsarin

Aikace-aikacen VTEC ya sadu da tsammanin injiniyoyin Jafananci, kuma sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da haɓaka ƙirar. Yanzu irin waɗannan injina sune masu fafatawa kai tsaye zuwa raka'a tare da injin turbin, kuma tsohon yana da sauƙin tsari kuma mai rahusa don aiki.

A 1991, an kuma sanya VTEC akan injin D15B tare da tsarin rarraba gas na SOHC, kuma tare da ƙaramin ƙaramin lita 1,5, injin ɗin “ya samar” 130 hp. Designirƙirar ƙungiyar wutar lantarki tana ba da kyamara guda ɗaya. Dangane da haka, cams ɗin suna kan wannan axis.

Ka'idar aiki a cikin saukakken tsari ba shi da bambanci sosai da sauran: shi ma yana amfani da cam uku don bawul din biyu, kuma tsarin yana aiki ne kawai don bawul din shan ruwa, yayin da shafunan shaye shaye, ba tare da saurin su ba, suna aiki ne a daidaitaccen yanayin yanayin yanayi da na lokaci.

Tsarin da aka sauƙaƙa yana da fa'idodi a cikin cewa irin wannan injin ɗin ya fi karami kuma ya fi sauƙi, kuma wannan yana da mahimmanci ga aikin motsawar motar da tsarin motar gaba ɗaya. 

I-VTEC tsarin

Tabbas kun san motoci irin su ƙarni na 7 da na 8 na Honda Accord, da kuma ƙetare CR-V, waɗanda aka kera su da injina tare da tsarin i-VTEC. A wannan yanayin, harafin “i” yana nufin kalmar mai hankali, wato, “mai hankali”. Idan aka kwatanta da jerin da suka gabata, sabon ƙarni, godiya ga gabatarwar ƙarin aiki VTC, wanda ke aiki koyaushe, yana sarrafa cikakken lokacin lokacin da bawul ɗin suka fara buɗewa.

Anan, bawul din shan ruwa bawai kawai an bude jima ko kuma daga baya kuma zuwa wani tsayi, amma kuma za'a iya juya camshaft din a wani kusurwar ta godiya ga goro na wannan camshaft din. Gabaɗaya, tsarin yana kawar da karfin “dips”, yana ba da hanzari mai kyau, tare da matsakaicin amfani da mai.

SOHC VTEC-E tsarin

Ƙarni na gaba na "VTECH" yana mai da hankali kan cimma iyakar tattalin arzikin man fetur. Don fahimtar aikin VTEC-E, bari mu juya zuwa ka'idar injin tare da zagayowar Otto. Don haka, ana samun cakudawar iska da man fetur ta hanyar hada iska da man fetur a cikin ma'aunin abin sha ko kai tsaye a cikin silinda. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, wani muhimmin abu a cikin ingancin konewa na cakuda shi ne daidaituwa.

A ƙananan hanzari, matakin karɓar iska ya yi ƙasa, wanda ke nufin cewa cakuda mai da iska ba shi da wani tasiri, wanda ke nufin muna aiki da rashin aikin injiniya. Don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na ƙungiyar ƙarfin, cakuda mai wadata ya shiga cikin silinda.

Tsarin VTEC-E bashi da ƙarin kamara a cikin ƙirar, saboda ana nufin shi ne kawai don tattalin arzikin mai da kuma bin ƙa'idodin muhalli masu girma. 

Har ila yau, wani nau'i na musamman na VTEC-E shine amfani da kyamarori masu siffofi daban-daban, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine daidaitaccen sifa, na biyu kuma shine oval. Don haka, bawul ɗin shigarwa ɗaya yana buɗewa a cikin kewayon al'ada, kuma na biyun da ƙyar yake buɗewa. Ta hanyar bawul ɗaya, cakuda man fetur-iska ya shiga cikin cikakke, yayin da bawul na biyu, saboda ƙananan kayan aiki, yana ba da sakamako mai juyawa, wanda ke nufin cakuda zai ƙone tare da cikakken inganci. Bayan 2500 rpm, bawul na biyu kuma ya fara aiki, kamar na farko, ta hanyar rufe cam kamar yadda yake a cikin tsarin da aka bayyana a sama.

Af, VTEC-E yana nufin ba kawai ga tattalin arziki ba, har ma da 6-10% mafi ƙarfi fiye da injunan sauƙaƙe na yanayi, saboda ɗimbin karfin juyi. Saboda haka, ba a banza ba, a wani lokaci, VTEC ta zama mai gasa mai tsanani ga injunan turbocharged.

3-mataki SOHC VTEC tsarin

Wani fasali na musamman na matakan 3 shine cewa tsarin yana nufin aikin VTEC a cikin hanyoyi uku, a cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi - injiniyoyi sun haɗa ƙarni uku na VTEC zuwa ɗaya. Hanyoyin aiki guda uku sune kamar haka:

• a cikin ƙananan injina, aikin VTEC-E an kwafe shi gaba ɗaya, inda ɗaya daga cikin bawul ɗin biyu kawai ke buɗe cikakke;
• a matsakaiciyar gudu, bawuloli biyu a buɗe;
• a babban sakewa, tsakiyar cam ya shiga, yana buɗe bawul din zuwa iyakarta.

An tsara ƙarin solenoid don aiki na yanayi uku.

An tabbatar da cewa irin wannan motar, a cikin saurin 60 km / h, ya nuna yawan mai na lita 3.6 a cikin kilomita 100.

Dangane da bayanin VTEC, wannan tsarin ana nufin ɗaukarsa abin dogaro, tunda akwai arean sassan abubuwan haɗin da ke cikin zane. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa kiyaye cikakken aikin irin wannan motar dole ne a ci gaba daga kiyayewa akan lokaci, da kuma amfani da injin injin tare da wani ɗan ƙwayoyi da ƙari. Hakanan, wasu masu mallakar ba sa nuna cewa VTEC tana da matatun raga na kanta, wanda hakan ke kare solod da cam daga mai mai datti, kuma dole ne a canza waɗannan allon kowane kilomita 100.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene i VTEC kuma ta yaya yake aiki? Wannan tsarin lantarki ne wanda ke canza lokaci da tsayin buɗewar bututun rarraba iskar gas. Wannan gyara ne na tsarin VTEC mai kama da Honda ya haɓaka.

Menene fasali na ƙira da ka'idar aiki na tsarin VTEC? Bawuloli biyu sun dogara da kyamarori uku (ba biyu ba). Dangane da ƙirar lokacin, matsananciyar kyamarori suna tuntuɓar bawuloli ta hanyar rockers, rocker makamai ko turawa. A cikin irin wannan tsarin, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na aiki na matakan rarraba iskar gas.