XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin
Yanayin atomatik,  Motar watsawa,  Kayan abin hawa

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Idan aka kwatanta da motocin ƙarni na ƙarshe, motar ta zamani ta zama mai sauri, injinta ya fi tattalin arziki, amma ba tare da kuɗin aiki ba, kuma tsarin ta'aziyya yana ba ka damar jin daɗin tuka mota, koda kuwa wakilin kundin kasafin kudi. A lokaci guda, ingantaccen tsarin aminci da wucewa ya inganta, kuma ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa.

Amma amincin motar ya dogara ne kawai da ƙwarin birki ko yawan jakar iska (don yadda suke aiki, karanta a nan). Hadurra da yawa a kan hanyoyi sun faru saboda gaskiyar cewa direban ya rasa ikon abin hawa yayin tuki cikin sauri a kan tsayayyar wuri ko a kaifafa! Ana amfani da tsaruka daban-daban don daidaita jigilar kaya a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Misali, lokacin da mota ta shiga matsattsiyar kusurwa, cibiyar nauyi nata za ta koma gefe guda kuma sai ta zama mai lodi sosai. A sakamakon haka, kowane ƙafafun da ke kan waƙar da aka sauke shi ya rasa fa'ida. Don kawar da wannan tasirin, akwai tsarin canjin canjin kuɗi, masu daidaita layi, da dai sauransu.

Amma domin motar ta sami nasarar shawo kan duk wani sashi na hanya mai wahala, masu kera motoci daban -daban suna ba da wasu samfuran su tare da watsawa wanda ke iya jujjuya kowace ƙafa, ta sa ta zama jagora. Gabaɗaya ana kiran wannan tsarin da ƙafa huɗu. Kowane masana'anta yana aiwatar da wannan ci gaban ta hanyar sa. Misali, Mercedes-Benz ya haɓaka tsarin 4Matic, wanda aka riga aka ambata raba bita... Audi yana da Quattro. BMW yana ba da samfuran mota da yawa tare da watsa xDrive.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Irin wannan watsawa galibi an tanada ta da cikakkun SUVs, wasu ƙirar ƙetare (game da banbanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan motocin, karanta daban), tunda wadannan motocin suna iya kasancewa akan titunan da basu da kyau. Misali, ana amfani da su don yin gasa a cikin ƙetara ƙasashe. Amma wasu manyan motocin fasinja ko motocin motsa jiki suma ana iya wadatasu da na'u-hudu. Baya ga kasancewa mai inganci a kan hanyar da ba ta da rikitarwa, irin waɗannan motoci suna da kwarin gwiwa a kan saurin canza yanayin hanya. Misali, dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙarfi ta faɗi a lokacin sanyi, kuma kayan cire dusar ƙanƙara ba su jimre da aikinsu ba tukuna.

Wani samfurin duk-wheel-drive yana da kyakkyawar dama don tunkarar shimfidar dusar kankara fiye da takwaran-dabaran gaba ko takwaran-motar-baya. Tsarin zamani suna da yanayin aiki na atomatik, don haka direba baya buƙatar sarrafa lokacin da zai kunna wani zaɓi. Kamfanoni masu jagoranci ne kawai ke haɓaka irin waɗannan tsarin. Kowannensu yana da nasa haƙƙin mallaka don aiwatar da duk abin hawa a cikin motocinsa.

Bari muyi la’akari da yadda tsarin xDrive yake aiki, wadanne abubuwa ya kunsa, menene fasalin sa da kuma wasu ayyukan rashin aiki.

Babban ra'ayi

Duk da cewa an rarraba karfin juzu'i a cikin mota mai irin wannan jigilarwa ga dukkan ƙafafun, ba za a iya kiran motar da ke kan dukkan abin hawa ba-kan hanya. Babban dalili shi ne, motar hawa, sedan ko shimfiɗar shimfiɗa tana da ƙaramar izinin ƙasa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba zai yiwu a shawo kan babbar hanyar da ke kan hanya ba - motar za ta zauna kawai a cikin waƙar farko da SUVs ta fitar.

A saboda wannan dalili, mahimmancin tsarin motsa-motsa-motsi shine don samar da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali da kula da motar a kan wata hanya mara ƙarfi, misali, lokacin da abin hawa ya shiga layin dusar ƙanƙara ko kankara. Yin tuƙin mota da keɓaɓɓen motsi, har ma fiye da haka tare da motar baya, a cikin irin wannan yanayi yana buƙatar ƙwarewa mai yawa daga direba, musamman idan saurin motar yana da yawa.

Ba tare da la'akari da ƙarni na tsarin ba, zai ƙunshi:

  • Gearboxes (don ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan da ka'idar aikin gearbox, karanta a nan);
  • Takardun karatu (game da wane irin inji ne, kuma me yasa ake buƙatarsa ​​a cikin mota, an bayyana shi a wani labarin);
  • Cardan shaft (yadda yake aiki, kuma a wace irin tsarin atomatik za'a iya amfani da mashin kati, karanta daban);
  • Fitar shaft don ƙafafun gaba;
  • Babban kaya a kan axles biyu.
XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Wannan jeren bai hada da banbanci ba saboda dalili daya mai sauki. Kowane zamani ya sami gyare-gyare daban-daban na wannan ɓangaren. Ana sabunta ta koyaushe, ƙirarta da tsarin aikinta sun canza. Don cikakkun bayanai kan menene banbanci da kuma aikin da yakeyi a cikin jigilar mota, karanta a nan.

Maƙerin ya sanya xDrive azaman tsarin dorewar duk-dabaran. A zahiri, an gabatar da abubuwan ci gaba na farko a cikin wannan ƙirar, kuma ana samun hakan ne kawai don wasu samfuran. Ga duk sauran motoci na alama, abin da ake kira da fulogi a cikin huɗu-huɗu drive yana samuwa. Wato, ana haɗa axle na biyu lokacin da babban ƙafafun faifai ke zamewa. Ba a samo wannan watsa ba kawai a cikin BMW SUVs da giciye, amma har ma da yawancin bambance-bambancen mota na layin samfurin.

A cikin ma'anar gargajiya, motar-ƙafa huɗu ya kamata ta ba da iyakar dacewa a tuki abin hawa a cikin yanayi mai tsauri akan sassan hanyoyin da ba su da karko. Wannan ya sa inji ta zama mai sauƙin sarrafawa. A ka'ida, wannan shine babban dalilin da yasa ake amfani da motoci masu motsi-duka a cikin gasa ta haduwa (sauran shahararrun wasannin mota wadanda ake amfani da motoci masu karfi a cikinsu an bayyana su a cikin wani bita).

Amma idan aka rarraba karfin juyi tare da gatari a yanayin da bai dace ba, to wannan zai shafi:

  • Amsar motar yayin juya sitiyarin;
  • Rage cikin abubuwan motsa jiki;
  • M motsi na mota a kan mike sassan hanya;
  • Rage ta'aziyya yayin motsawa.

Don kawar da duk waɗannan tasirin, kamfanin kera motoci na Bavaria ya ɗauki motocin hawa na baya-baya a matsayin tushe, yana sauya watsa su, yana haɓaka lafiyar abin hawa.

Tarihin halitta da ci gaban tsarin

A karo na farko, samfurin tuka-tuka mai ƙafa daga Bavaria automaker ya bayyana a cikin 1985. A wancan zamanin, babu wani abu kamar hayewa. Sannan duk abin da ya fi girma fiye da na yau da kullun, hatchback ko wagon tashar ana kiransa "Jeep" ko SUV. Amma a tsakiyar 80s, BMW bai riga ya ƙera irin wannan motar ba. Koyaya, lura da ingancin tuka-tuka, wanda tuni ya kasance a cikin wasu samfuran Audi, ya sa shuwagabannin kamfanin Bavaria suka samar da nasa ɓangaren, wanda ke tabbatar da rarraba ƙwanƙwasa ga kowane igiyar abin hawa a wani yanayi daban. .

A zahiri, an shigar da wannan ci gaban a cikin nau'ikan 3-Series da 5-Series. Carsananan motoci ne kawai ke iya karɓar irin waɗannan kayan aikin, sannan kawai a matsayin zaɓi mai tsada. Don sanya waɗannan motocin daban da na takwarorinsu na baya-bayan nan, jerin sun karɓi alamar X. Daga baya (wato, a cikin 2003) kamfanin ya canza wannan sunan zuwa xDrive.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin
1986 BMW M3 Coupe (E30)

Bayan nasarar gwajin tsarin, ci gabanta ya biyo baya, sakamakon haka akwai ƙarni huɗu da yawa. Kowane gyare-gyare na gaba ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali mafi girma, makircin wanda za'a rarraba ikon tare da gatari da wasu canje-canje a cikin ƙirar. Generationsarnoni na farko sun rarraba ƙwanƙwasa tsakanin akussai cikin tsayayyen tsari (ba za a iya canza rabo ba).

Bari muyi la'akari da sifofin kowane tsara daban.

Zamani na XNUMX

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, tarihin ƙirƙirar dukkanin-motsi daga kamfanin Bavaria ya fara a cikin 1985. Zamanin farko yana da rarraba karfin juzu'i na gaba da na baya. Gaskiya ne, rabon wutar ya kasance mara kyau - motar-baya-baya ta sami kashi 63 kuma gaban-dabaran ya sami kashi 37 na ƙarfin.

Tsarin rarraba wutar ya kasance kamar haka. Tsakanin igiyoyin, yakamata a rarraba karfin juzu'in ta hanyar banbancin duniya. An toshe ta ta hanyar haɗuwa da viscous (wane irin ɓangare ne da yadda yake aiki an bayyana shi a cikin wani bita). Godiya ga wannan ƙirar, idan ya cancanta, za a iya ba da izinin juyawa zuwa gaba ko ƙyallen baya har zuwa kashi 90 cikin ɗari.

Hakanan an sanya kama ɗan iska a banbancin baya. Ba a san makullin gaba da makulli ba, kuma bambancin kyauta ne. Karanta me ya sa kake buƙatar makullin bambanci. daban... BMW iX325 (1985 saki) an sanye shi da irin wannan watsawa.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Duk da cewa watsawa ya watsa dakaru masu motsi zuwa duka axles, motar da ke da irin wannan watsawa ana daukarta ne a matsayin na-dabaran baya, saboda ƙafafun na baya sun sami kai tsaye na adadin daidai na Newton. Madearfin ikon an yi shi zuwa ƙafafun gaba ta hanyar akwatin canja wuri tare da motar sarkar.

Ofayan rashin fa'idar wannan ci gaban shi ne ƙananan amintaccen haɗin haɗin viscous idan aka kwatanta da makullin Torsen, wanda Audi ya yi amfani da shi (don ƙarin bayani game da wannan gyaran, duba a wani labarin). Generationarnin farko sun yanke jerin gwanon motocin Bavaria har zuwa 1991, lokacin da ƙarni na gaba masu saurin tura kekuna suka bayyana.

Zamani na XNUMX

Generationarnin na biyu na tsarin ya kasance mara daidaituwa. Rarraba karfin juyi an gudanar dashi a cikin rabo na 64 (ƙafafun baya) zuwa 36 (ƙafafun gaba). Anyi amfani da wannan gyaran a cikin motocin daka da keken hawa 525iX a bayan E34 (jerin na biyar). Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an inganta wannan watsawar.

Sigar kafin zamani ya kasance yana amfani da kama tare da wutan lantarki. An shigar da shi a cikin bambanci na tsakiya. An kunna na'urar ta sigina daga sashin kulawa na ESD. Bambancin gaban har yanzu kyauta ne, amma akwai maɓallin kullewa a baya. Wannan aikin an yi shi ta hanyar haɗakar lantarki. Godiya ga wannan ƙirar, ana iya kawo duwawu kusan nan take a mafi girman rabo na 0 zuwa 100 bisa ɗari.

Sakamakon zamanantar da su, injiniyoyin kamfanin suka canza fasalin tsarin. Har ila yau ana iya kulle bambancin tsakiyar. Don wannan, an yi amfani da kayan haɓakar haɓakar lantarki da yawa. Gudanarwa kawai ke aiwatarwa ta ƙungiyar tsarin ABS.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Babban giya sun rasa makullin su, kuma bambancin giciye-axle ya zama kyauta. Amma a cikin wannan ƙarni, anyi amfani da kwaikwayon makullin banbancin baya (tsarin ABD). Ka'idar aikin na'urar ta kasance mai sauki. Lokacin da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke tantance saurin juyawar ƙafafun suka rubuta bambanci a cikin juyawar ƙafafun dama da hagu (wannan yana faruwa ne yayin da ɗayansu ya fara zamewa), sai tsarin ya ɗan jinkirta wanda ke juyawa da sauri.

III tsara

A cikin 1998, akwai canjin yanayi a cikin hanyar watsa duk-dabaran daga Bavaria. Dangane da rabon rarraba karfin juzu'i, to wannan zamanin ma bai dace da yanayin ba. Wheelsafafun baya suna karɓar kashi 62, kuma ƙafafun gaba suna karɓar kashi 38 na dirka. Irin wannan watsawar ana iya samun sa a cikin kekunan hawa da BMW 3-Series E46 sedans.

Ba kamar ƙarni na baya ba, wannan tsarin an sanye ta da bambance-bambancen kyauta gaba ɗaya (har ma na tsakiya ba a katange shi ba). Babban giya sun sami kwaikwayon toshewa.

Shekara guda bayan fara samar da ƙarni na uku na watsa shirye-shiryen xDrive duk-dabaran, kamfanin ya saki samfurin farko na ajin "Crossover". BMW X5 yayi amfani da tsari iri ɗaya da motocin fasinja na jerin na uku. Ba kamar wannan gyare-gyare ba, wannan watsawa an sanye ta da kwaikwayon toshewar bambancin giciye-axle.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Har zuwa 2003, duk ƙarnoni uku suna wakiltar cikakken lokaci mai cikakken aiki. Bugu da ari, duk nau'ikan motar motsa jiki huɗu na samfurin mota an sanye su da tsarin xDrive. A cikin motocin fasinja, an yi amfani da ƙarni na uku na tsarin har zuwa 2006, kuma a cikin maɓuɓɓuka an sauya shi shekaru biyu da suka gabata ta ƙarni na huɗu.

IV tsara

An gabatar da sabon ƙarni na sabon tsarin motsa jiki a cikin 2003. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na kayan aikin tushe don sabon gicciye na X3, kazalika da sake fasalin samfurin 3-Series E46. An shigar da wannan tsarin ta hanyar tsoho a duk samfuran X-Series, kuma azaman zaɓi - a cikin wasu samfuran, ban da 2-Series.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Fasalin wannan gyare-gyare shine rashin bambancin interaxle. Madadin haka, ana amfani da rikitarwa mai yawa-farantin kama, wanda ke sarrafawa ta hanyar servo drive. Karkashin daidaitattun yanayi, kashi 60 cikin dari na karfin juyi suna zuwa baya na baya kuma kashi 40 zuwa gaba. Lokacin da halin da ke cikin hanya ya canza sosai (motar ta shiga laka, ta shiga cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙara ko kankara), tsarin zai iya canza yanayin zuwa 0: 100.

Yadda tsarin yake

Tunda akwai karin motoci a kasuwa tare da keɓaɓɓe huɗu na ƙarni na huɗu, za mu mai da hankali kan aikin wannan gyare-gyare na musamman. Ta hanyar tsoho, ana yada jigilar abubuwa koyaushe zuwa ƙafafun baya, don haka ana ɗaukar motar ba duk ƙafafun-ƙafa ba, amma motar-baya tare da haɗin gaban da aka haɗa.

An shigar da kama tsakanin faranti da yawa, wanda, kamar yadda muka riga muka lura, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar tsarin levers ta amfani da servo drive. Wannan hanyar tana kama faya-fayen da ke kamawa kuma, saboda karfin da yake da sabani, sai a kunna akwatin musayar sarkar, wanda ke hada bututun gaban axle na gaba.

Karɓar ikon ya dogara da ƙarfin matsewar fayafai. Wannan rukunin yana iya samar da kaso 50 na karfin juzu'i zuwa ƙafafun gaban. Lokacin da servo ɗin ta buɗe faya-fayen kama, kashi 100 na gogayyar yana zuwa ƙafafun baya.

Aikin servo yana da kusan nau'in nau'in hankali saboda kasancewar adadi mai yawa na tsarin hade da shi. Godiya ga wannan, kowane yanayi akan hanya na iya haifar da kunna tsarin, wanda zai canza zuwa yanayin da ake so a cikin sakan 0.01 kawai.

Waɗannan sune tsarin da ke shafar kunnawa na tsarin xDrive:

  1. ICM... Wannan tsarin ne wanda ke rikodin aikin ƙirar mota da sarrafa wasu ayyukanta. Yana bayar da aiki tare na mai tafiya tare da wasu hanyoyin;
  2. DSC... Wannan shine sunan masana'anta don tsarin sarrafa kwanciyar hankali. Godiya ga sigina daga na'urori masu auna sigina, ana rarraba juz'i tsakanin gaban da bayan axles. Hakanan yana kunna kwaikwayo na makullin lantarki na gaba da na baya daban. Tsarin yana kunna birki a kan dabaran da ya fara zamewa don hana canja wurin karfin juyi zuwa gare shi;
  3. AFS... Wannan tsarin ne wanda ke gyara matsayin matattarar abin hawa. Idan motar ta fado kan wani tsayayyen wuri, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci ana kunna birki na motar, wannan na’urar tana daidaita motar don kar ta zame;
  4. DTS... Tsarin sarrafa gogayya;
  5. HDC... Mataimakin lantarki yayin tuki a kan gangaren hawa;
  6. Farashin CPD... Wasu samfuran mota ba su da wannan tsarin. Yana taimaka wa direba sarrafa motar lokacin da yake tafiya cikin sauri.

Motar mai-ƙafa huɗu ta wannan mai kera motoci yana da fa'ida ɗaya, wanda ke ba da damar ci gaba don gasa tare da sauran kamfanonin. Ya ta'allaka ne cikin sauƙin yanayin zane da makirci don aiwatar da rarraba karfin juzu'i. Hakanan, amincin tsarin saboda rashin makullai mabambanta.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Anan ga wasu fa'idodin tsarin xDrive:

  • Rarraba rundunonin janyewa tare da magi suna faruwa ta hanyar hanya mara tsari;
  • Kayan lantarki yana lura da yanayin motar a kan hanya, kuma idan yanayin hanya ya canza, tsarin zai daidaita nan take;
  • Yana saukaka sarrafa tuki, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin hanyar ba;
  • Tsarin birki yana aiki sosai, kuma a wasu yanayi direba baya buƙatar danna birki don daidaita motar;
  • Ba tare da la'akari da kwarewar tuki na mai motar ba, motar ta fi karko akan sassan hanyoyi masu wahala fiye da na zamani mai kwatankwacin motar baya.

Tsarin tsarin aiki

Duk da cewa tsarin ba zai iya canza yanayin karfin juzu'i tsakanin igiyoyin da aka gyara ba, BMW mai aiki da xDrive duk-motar yana aiki da halaye da yawa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ya dogara da halin da ake ciki akan hanya, kazalika akan siginar tsarin motar da aka haɗa.

Anan akwai yanayi na yau da kullun wanda lantarki zai iya kunna canji a powerarfin wuta don kowane juji:

  1. Direban ya fara motsi cikin nutsuwa. A wannan yanayin, lantarki yana kunna sabis ɗin don shari'ar canja wuri tana canja wurin kashi 50 na ƙarfin juzu'i zuwa ƙafafun gaba. Lokacin da motar ta hanzarta zuwa 20 km / h, lantarki yana sassauta sakamako akan gogayya tsakanin-zuwa-tsakiya, saboda abin da ya sa karfin juzu'i tsakanin igiyoyin ya sauya cikin sauri 40/60 (gaba / baya);
  2. Skid a yayin kusurwa (me ya sa aka sanya ƙasa ko ƙasa, kuma an bayyana abin da ya kamata a yi a irin waɗannan yanayi a cikin wani bita) yana haifar da tsarin don kunna ƙafafun gaban ta 50%, don haka sai suka fara jan motar, suna daidaita ta yayin skidding. Idan ba za a iya sarrafa wannan tasirin ba, sashin sarrafawa yana kunna wasu tsarin aminci;
  3. Rushewa. A wannan yanayin, lantarki, akasin haka, yana sanya motar motar ta baya, saboda abin da ƙafafun na baya ke tura motar, suna juya shi zuwa shugabanci kishiyar juyawar ƙafafun tuƙi. Hakanan, lantarki na motar yana amfani da wasu tsarin aminci masu aiki;
  4. Motar ta hau kan kankara. A wannan yanayin, tsarin yana rarraba ƙarfi a rabi zuwa duka axles, kuma abin hawa ya zama fasalin duk dabarun gargajiya;
  5. Yin ajiye mota a kan wata kunkuntar hanya ko tuki cikin sauri sama da 180 km / h. A wannan yanayin, ƙafafun gaba gaba ɗaya suna da nakasa, kuma ana ba da duk goyan baya kawai ga akushin baya. Rashin dacewar wannan yanayin shine ya fi wahalar da motar baya mai-hawa ta yi kiliya, misali, idan kuna buƙatar tuƙa kan ƙaramar hanya, kuma idan titin yana zamewa, ƙafafun za su zame.
XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Rashin dacewar tsarin xDrive shine, saboda rashin toshe cibiyar ko kuma bambancin giciye, ba za'a iya tilasta takamaiman yanayi ba. Misali, idan direba ya san tabbatacce abin da motar za ta shigar daidai a cikin wani yanki, ba zai iya kunna bakin gaban ba. Ana kunna ta atomatik, amma kawai lokacin da motar ta fara sikila. Wani direban da bashi da kwarewa zai fara daukar wasu matakai, kuma a wannan lokacin bakin gatari na gaba zai kunna, wanda zai iya haifar da hadari. A saboda wannan dalili, idan babu gogewa a tuki irin wannan jigilar, zai fi kyau a yi atisaye a kan rufaffiyar hanyoyi ko a shafuka na musamman.

Abubuwan tsarin

Yana da kyau a yi la’akari da cewa sauye-sauye na fasinjojin fasinja ya sha bamban da zaɓuɓɓukan da aka kera masu wucewa. Bambanci a cikin canja wurin harka. A cikin hanyoyin wucewa, sarka ce, kuma a cikin wasu samfuran, kaya ne.

Tsarin xDrive ya ƙunshi:

  • Atomatik gearbox;
  • Canja wurin lamarin;
  • Multi-farantin gogayya kama. An shigar dashi a cikin akwatin canja wuri kuma ya maye gurbin bambancin tsakiya;
  • Gwanan cardan na gaba da na baya;
  • Gabani da na baya giciye-axle daban-daban.

Batun canja wurin kekunan hawa da na dakon kaya ya ƙunshi:

  • Gabatar da dabaran gaba;
  • Sabis mai kula da cam;
  • Matsakaici
  • Kayan kaya;
  • Babban lever;
  • Multi-farantin kama;
  • Ararfin motar axle na baya;
  • Motar sabis;
  • Da yawa abubuwan gogayya;
  • Kayan aikin pinion wanda aka haɗa ta servomotor.

Maganar gicciye tana amfani da irin wannan ƙirar, sai dai ana amfani da sarkar a maimakon jakar iska.

Multi-farantin gogayya kama

Wani fasali na musamman na sabon ƙarni na tsarin xDrive mai hankali shine rashin bambancin cibiyar. An maye gurbinsa ta hanyar haɗa farantin karfe da yawa. Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar sabis na lantarki. Aikin wannan inji ana sarrafa shi ta sashin kula da watsawa. Lokacin da motar ke cikin mawuyacin yanayi, microprocessor yana karɓar sigina daga tsarin kula da kwanciyar hankali, tuƙi, shasi, da dai sauransu. Dangane da waɗannan bugun jini, an ƙaddamar da algorithm ɗin da aka tsara kuma servo ɗin ya ɗora fayafai masu ɗauka tare da ƙarfin da ya dace da ƙarfin ƙarfin da ake buƙata a kan maɓallin na biyu.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Dogaro da nau'in watsawa (don motocin fasinja da gicciye, ana amfani da sauye-sauye daban-daban), ana ba da ƙarfin juzu'i a cikin akwatin sauyawa ta hanyar abin hawa ko sarkar zuwa ɓangaren axle na gaba. Thearfin matsawa na faya-fayen kamawa ya dogara da ƙimar da sashen sarrafa ke karɓa.

Yadda tsarin yake da inganci

Don haka, fa'idar tsarin xDrive ta ta'allaka ne da sassauƙan rayayyun hanyoyin rarraba ƙarfi tsakanin goshin gaba da na baya. Amfani da shi ya samo asali ne daga yanayin canzawa, wanda aka kunna ta hanyar ɗauke da farantin karfe da yawa. An gaya game da ita ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Godiya ga aiki tare tare da sauran tsarin, watsawa da sauri yana dacewa da canza yanayin hanya kuma yana canza yanayin karɓar wuta.

Tun da aikin tsarin shine kawar da zamewar ƙafafun tuƙi gwargwadon iko, motocin da aka tanada da su sun fi sauƙi don daidaitawa bayan skid. Idan akwai sha'awar sake bugawa (game da menene, karanta a nan), to, idan zai yiwu, dole ne a zaɓi wannan zaɓin ko a kashe wasu tsarukan da ke hana zamewar ƙafafun tuki.

Manyan ayyuka

Idan akwai matsaloli game da watsawa (ko dai inji ko lalacewar lantarki), to siginar da ta dace a kan dashboard ɗin zai haskaka. Dogaro da nau'in fashewa, gunkin 4x4, ABS ko Brake na iya bayyana. Tunda watsawa yana daya daga cikin tsayayyun raka'a a cikin mota, mummunan gazawarsa yana faruwa galibi lokacin da direba ya yi biris da siginar tsarin jirgi ko aikin da ya gabaci gazawar abubuwan watsawa.

Game da ƙananan matsalar aiki, ana iya nuna alamar walƙiya lokaci-lokaci akan shirya. Idan ba a yi komai ba, tsawon lokaci, siginar kyaftawar ido yana fara haske koyaushe. "Hanyar rauni" a cikin tsarin xDrive shine servo, wanda ke danna fayafai na babban kama zuwa wani mizani. Abin farin ciki, masu zanen sun hango wannan, kuma sun sanya makamar yadda idan ta gaza, ba lallai bane a wargaza rabin watsawar ba. Wannan abun yana waje da littafin hannu.

Amma wannan ba shine kawai lalacewar halayen wannan tsarin ba. Alamar daga wasu firikwensin na iya ɓacewa (lambar sadarwa tana da wadataccen abu ko maɗaurar waya ta karye). Hakanan gazawar lantarki na iya faruwa. Don gano kurakurai, zaku iya gudanar da bincike kai tsaye na tsarin jirgi (yadda za'a iya yin hakan akan wasu motoci an bayyana su a nan) ko bawa abin hawan don binciken kwakwalwa. Karanta daban yadda ake aiwatar da wannan aikin.

Idan servo drive ya lalace, burushin ko Hall haska na iya faduwa (yadda wannan firikwensin yake aiki an bayyana shi a wani labarin). Amma koda a wannan yanayin, zaku iya ci gaba da tuƙi zuwa tashar sabis ta mota. Motar ce kawai za ta zama ta-dabaran baya kawai. Gaskiya ne, ci gaba da aiki tare da ɓataccen motar servo yana cike da gazawar gearbox, don haka kada ku jinkirta gyara ko maye gurbin aikin.

XDrive duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Idan direba ya canza mai a cikin kwalin akan lokaci, razdatka zai “rayu” kusan dubu 100-120. km nisan miloli Kayan aikin zai nuna ta yanayin man shafawa. Don bincikowa, ya isa ya ɗan huce man daga bututun watsawa. Saukad da digo a kan adiko na goge-goge, zaka iya gaya idan lokacin gyara tsarin yayi. Shavings na ƙarfe ko ƙanshin ƙonawa yana nuna buƙatar maye gurbin inji.

Signaya daga cikin alamun matsaloli tare da servomotor shine hanzari mara kyau (jarkokin mota) ko busawa da ke zuwa daga ƙafafun baya (tare da tsarin taka birki). Wani lokaci, yayin tuƙi, tsarin na iya sake rarraba wuta ga ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafun tuki don motar da ƙarfin gwiwa ta ɗauki juyi. Amma a wannan yanayin, gearbox yana fuskantar nauyi mai nauyi kuma zaiyi saurin gazawa. Saboda wannan dalili, kada ku ci nasara da lanƙwasa a cikin sauri. Ko ta yaya abin dogaro da keɓaɓɓu huɗu ko tsarin aminci yake, ba za su iya kawar da tasirin dokokin ƙasa gaba ɗaya a kan mota ba, don haka ya fi kyau saboda aminci a kan hanya don tuki cikin natsuwa, musamman a kan sassan hanyoyin babbar hanya. .

ƙarshe

Don haka, xDrive daga BMW ya tabbatar da kansa sosai cewa mai kera motoci yana girka shi a kan yawancin motocin fasinja, da ma kan dukkan nau'ikan ɓangaren "Crossover" tare da bayanan na X. Idan aka kwatanta da al'ummomin da suka gabata, wannan ƙarni yana da isasshen abin da zai iya samarwa ba ya shirin maye gurbinsa da wani abu.sannan mafi kyau.

A ƙarshen bita - gajeren bidiyo kan yadda tsarin xDrive ke aiki:

Duk-motar motar BMW xDrive, duka suna aiki akan ɗamara daban-daban.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene BMW X Drive? Wannan tsarin tuƙi ne da injiniyoyin BMW suka haɓaka. Yana cikin nau'in tsarin tuƙi na dindindin tare da ci gaba da rarraba karfin juzu'i.

Ta yaya tsarin X Drive ke aiki? Wannan watsawa ya dogara ne akan tsarin tuƙi na baya na zamani. Ana rarraba juzu'i tare da gatari ta hanyar yanayin canja wuri (watsawar gear da ke sarrafa ta hanyar kamawa).

Yaushe X Drive ya bayyana? A hukumance gabatar da BMW xDrive duk-dabaran drive watsa ya faru a 2003. Kafin wannan, an yi amfani da tsarin tare da tsayayyen rarraba ƙaddamarwa tare da axles.

Menene ma'anar abin da ake kira BMW duk-wheel drive? BMW yana amfani da tuƙi iri biyu. A baya ne classic. Ba a amfani da motar gaba bisa manufa. Amma tuƙi mai duka tare da madaidaicin axle rabon ci gaba ne na kwanan nan, kuma ana nuna shi xDrive.

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