Shahararren tseren mota a duniya

Motocin farko na aiki da mai injin konewa na ciki ya bayyana a cikin 1886. Waɗannan su ne abubuwan haɓaka na Gottlieb Daimler da ɗan ƙasa Karl Benz.

Kawai bayan shekaru 8, aka shirya gasar mota ta farko a duniya. Dukkanin sabbin motocin "motoci masu tuka kansu" da takwarorinsu na baya, wadanda suke amfani da injin tururi, sun shiga ciki. Jigon gasar shi ne tabbatar da cewa motocin sun yi tafiyar hawainiya na nisan kilomita 126.

Consideredwararrun ma'aikata da aka zaba sune masu nasara. Dole ne ya haɗu da sauri, aminci da sauƙi na gudanarwa. A cikin wannan tseren tarihin, wanda ya yi nasara shi ne motocin Peugeot da Panard-Levassor, waɗanda aka keɓe da injunan Daimler tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin 4 doki.

Da farko dai, ana daukar irin wannan gasa ne kawai na nishadantarwa, amma da shigewar lokaci, motoci suka kara karfi, kuma gasar mota ta zama abin birgewa. Masu kera motoci suna ganin irin waɗannan abubuwan a matsayin babbar dama ce don baje kolin damar ci gaban su ga duniya.

Zuwa yau, an ƙirƙiri da yawa na wasannin tsere, waɗanda yawancinsu sun zama dubban dubban magoya baya a duniya.

Mun kawo muku hankali game da shahararrun tseren da ake gudanarwa a sassa daban-daban na duniya.

Babban Kyauta

Da farko dai, 'yan tseren da suka halarci tsere mai wuya da hatsari tsakanin birane sun fafata don "Grand Prix". Gasar farko ta irin wannan ta faru a 1894 a Faransa. Tunda akwai haddura da yawa yayin irin wannan tseren, wadanda abin ya rutsa da su 'yan kallo ne, sannu a hankali an tsaurara bukatun ga tseren.

Gasar farko ta motocin Formula 1 a cikin sigar da magoya bayan motorsport na zamani suka saba ganin su ya faru a 1950. Motoci masu santsi, buɗe-ƙafa, micron-tuned tseren motoci sun shahara tare da waɗanda ke godiya da kulawa mai kyau a cikin babban gudu. Kuma a cikin manyan tsere, motoci suna hanzarta zuwa kilomita 300 / h. da sauri (rikodin na Valtteri Botas ne, wanda a cikin 2016 ya hanzarta zuwa 372,54 km / h a cikin motar Williams tare da injin Mercedes.)

Sunan kowane zagaye na gasar ya hada da kasar da ake gudanar da gasar. An taƙaita maki na kowane tsere, kuma wanda ya ci nasara ba shine wanda koyaushe yake zuwa layin ƙarshe ba, amma wanda ya fi yawan maki. Anan ga shahararrun zagaye zagaye na zakara.

Babban Gasar Monaco

Ana faruwa akan waƙa ta musamman a cikin Monte Carlo. Daga cikin mahalarta gasar, mafi martaba shine nasarar a Monaco. Wani fasalin wannan nau'in tseren shine waƙa, sassanta suna wucewa akan titunan birni. Wannan yana bawa mai kallo damar kasancewa kusa da waƙar.

Wannan matakin shine mafi wahala, tunda a duk tsawon kilomita 260 (zagaye 78) mahaya sun shawo kan matsaloli masu yawa. Daya daga cikinsu ita ce Grand Hotel hairpin. Motar ta wuce wannan ɓangaren cikin saurin ban mamaki ga wannan rukunin motocin - 45 km / h. Saboda irin waɗannan sassan, waƙar ba ta ba da izinin haɓaka motar zuwa matsakaicin iyakarta.

Stirling Moss sau ɗaya ya bayyana cewa ga mahayi, layuka madaidaiciya suna banbanta sassan tsakanin juyawa. Wurin Monte Carlo gwaji ne na ƙwarewar sarrafa motar. A kan lanƙwasa ne mafi yawan kyawawan abubuwan hawa suke faruwa, daga irin waɗannan gasa ake kuma kiranta "Royal". Don shawo kan abokan adawar ku da kyau, kuna buƙatar zama ainihin sarkin motorsport.

Macau Babban Kyauta

Matakin yana faruwa ne a cikin Sin. Babban fasali na wannan taron shine tattara gasa da aka gudanar a ƙarshen mako ɗaya. Mahalarta Formula 3, FIA WTCC (gasar zakarun duniya wanda Super 2000 da motocin Diesel 2000 suka shiga) da tseren babur suna gwada ƙwarewar tuki akan waƙa.

Har ila yau, waƙar tsere tana gudana ta cikin kewayen birni, wanda ke da tsayi, madaidaiciya sashe inda zaku iya karɓar manyan gudu don inganta lokutan cinya. Tsawon zoben yakai kilomita 6,2.

Ba kamar waƙar a cikin Monte Carlo ba, wannan waƙar tana gwada ƙwarewar direbobi ba tare da yawan juyowa ba, amma tare da ƙaramar faɗin hanya. A wasu sassan, mitoci 7 ne kawai. Yin la'akari da irin wannan bends ya zama kusan ba gaskiya bane.

Yawancin masu kera motoci suna amfani da gasar tsere ta Grand Prix don gwada amincin sabbin injunan zamani tare da gwada sabbin abubuwan ci gaba shasi... Tun da gasar ta samu halartar dimbin 'yan kallo, wannan dama ce mai kyau don tallata tambarin ku, wanda kamfanoni irin su Ferrari, BMW, Mercedes, McLaren da sauran su ke amfani da shi.

Tseren jimiri

Duk da yake jerin Grand Prix nuni ne ga kwarewar matukan jirgi, gasar ta awanni 24 kuma an tsara ta ne don nuna juriya, tattalin arziki da saurin ababen hawa daga masana'antun daban - wani irin ci gaba. Dangane da wannan ma'aunin, waɗancan injina waɗanda ke kashe mafi ƙarancin lokaci a cikin kwalaye sun cancanci kulawa.

Yawancin abubuwan ci gaban da masu kera motoci ke nunawa yayin tsere ana amfani da su akan motocin wasanni na yau da kullun. Wadannan azuzuwan motoci suna shiga cikin tsere:

• LMP1;
• LMP2;
• GT Ƙarfafa Pro;
• GT Jimrewa AM.

Mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan gasa ta mota matakai ne daban na gasar duniya. Ga wasu misalan irin wannan jinsi.

24 hours Le Mans

Mafi shahararrun tseren motoci, wanda aka fara shirya shi a 1923. Ba da nisa da garin Le Mans na Faransa a kewayen Sarta, an gwada motocin wasanni masu sanyi daga masana'anta daban -daban. A cikin duk mashahuran tsere, Porsche ta ɗauki matsayi na farko - sau 19.

Audi shine na biyu dangane da adadin nasarori - motocin wannan alamar suna da wurare 13 na farko.

Shahararren kamfanin masana'antar Italiya Ferrari shine a matsayi na uku akan wannan jeri (nasara 9).

Fitattun motocin da suka halarci tseren mota mafi kyawu a duniya:

• Jaguar D-Type (3 yayi nasara a jere daga 1955 zuwa 1957). Wani fasali na musamman na motar shine injin lita 3,5 wanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin 265 horsepower. An sanye shi da carburetor guda uku, an fara yin jikin ne da sifar saƙa guda ɗaya, kuma an ƙera siffar matattarar jirgin daga wurin mayaƙin zama guda ɗaya. Motar wasanni ta sami damar ɗaukar ɗari a cikin dakika 4,7 - abin mamaki ga motocin wancan zamanin. Matsakaicin saurin ya kai kilomita 240 / h.

• Ferrari 250 TR ita ce amsar kalubalen Jaguar. An saka kyakkyawar Testa Rossa da silinda 12-silinda 3,0. V-engine tare da carburettors 6. Matsakaicin saurin motar wasanni ya kasance 270 km / h.

• Rondo M379. Motoci na musamman na gaske wanda ya fara zama na farko a tseren 1980. Motocin wasan motsa jiki sun sami ƙarfin injin Injin Ford Cosworth, wanda aka haɓaka don shiga cikin tseren Formula 1. Sabanin tsinkaye na shakku, motar direban Faransa da mai zanen ya zo kan layin ƙarshe da farko kuma bai samu rauni ba.

• Peugeot 905 ya fara zama na farko a 1991 kuma an sanye shi da injin mai karfin 650 wanda zai iya hanzarta motar motsa jiki zuwa 351 km / h. Koyaya, ƙungiyoyin sun sami nasara a cikin 1992 (wurare na 1 da na 3) da kuma a cikin 1993 (duka filin taron).

• Mazda 787B ya ɓoye dawakai 900 a ƙarƙashin murfin, amma don rage haɗarin lalacewar injin, an rage ƙarfinsa zuwa 700 hp. A lokacin tseren a 1991, Mazdas uku sun zo layin gamawa tsakanin tara daga cikin motoci 38. Haka kuma, masana'antar ta ce motar tana da abin dogaro da zai iya tsayayya da irin wannan tseren.

• Ford GT-40 mota ce ta almara da gaske wacce jikan wanda ya kafa kamfanin Amurka ya baje ta don kawo karshen mamayar kishiyar Italiya Ferrari (1960-1965). Fitacciyar motar motsa jiki ta zama mai kyau (bayan kawar da gazawar da aka gano sakamakon jinsi biyu) cewa matukan wannan motar sun tsaya akan dakalin daga 1966 zuwa 1969. Har zuwa yanzu, kofe-kofe iri-iri na wannan tatsuniya sun kasance mafi inganci a cikin waɗannan tseren.

Awanni 24 na Daytona

Wani tseren jimiri, wanda burin sa shine tantance wacce kungiya ce wacce zata iya tuka abin da yafi nisa a rana. Hanyar tseren an haɗa ta Nascar Oval da hanya kusa. Tsawon da'irar ya kai mita 5728.

Wannan sigar Ba'amurke ce ta tseren mota na baya. Gasar ta fara a 1962. Ana gudanar da su a lokacin bazara na wasannin motsa jiki, wanda ke nufin cewa taron yana da yawancin 'yan kallo. Mai tallafawa yana ba wa wanda ya lashe tseren agogon Rolex mai salo.

Wani fasali na tsaran cancanta shine kawai ake buƙata - dole ne motar ta ƙetara layin ƙarshe bayan awanni XNUMX. Irin wannan doka mai sauƙi tana ba da damar ma waɗancan motocin waɗanda ba su da abin dogara sosai su shiga.

24 hours na Nurburgring

Wani analog na tseren Le Mans an gudanar dashi tun shekara ta 1970 a Jamus. Wadanda suka shirya gasar ta mota sun yanke shawarar kada su kirkiro tsauraran matakai ga mahalarta, wanda zai baiwa yan koran damar gwada hannunsu. Wasu lokuta samfurin motocin motsa jiki sun bayyana a filin tsere domin gano kasawa, wanda kawar da shi zai bada damar gabatar da samfura a cikin gasa mai tsanani.

Wannan tseren awanni XNUMX ya fi kama da bukukuwa fiye da taron wasanni. Adadi da yawa na magoya baya da magoya bayan abubuwa daban-daban sun hallara a taron. Wasu lokuta mahalarta kawai ke ba da hankali ga gasa kansu, yayin da sauran ke shagaltar murna.

24 sa'o'i Spa

Wannan wasan motsa jiki shine na biyu a cikin girma bayan Le Mans. An gudanar da shi tun 1924. Da farko, an gudanar da gasar tseren motoci ta Beljiyam a kan madauwari madaidaiciya, tsawonta ya kai kilomita 14. A cikin 1979 an sake gina shi kuma ya rage zuwa kilomita 7.

Wannan waƙar lokaci-lokaci yana shiga matakan gasa daban-daban na duniya, gami da tseren Formula 1. Shahararrun masana'antun duniya sun halarci tseren awanni 24, tare da BMW mafi nasara.

Haɗuwa

Nau'i na gaba na tsere mafi kyawu a duniya shine haɗuwa. Sun sami farin jini saboda nishaɗin da suke yi. Yawancin gasa ana gudanar da su ne a kan hanyoyin jama'a, wanda farfajiyar na iya canzawa sosai, misali, daga kwalta zuwa tsakuwa ko yashi.

A kan sassan tsakanin matakai na musamman, direbobi dole ne su yi tuki daidai da duk ƙa'idodin zirga-zirga, amma kiyaye ƙa'idodin lokacin da aka keɓe don kowane ɓangaren hanyar. Sassan an rufe sassan hanya inda matukin jirgi zai iya samun fa'ida daga motar.

Jigon gasar shine a samu daga aya "A" zuwa aya "B" da sauri-wuri. Nassin kowane sashi yana da tsayayyar lokaci. Don shiga cikin tseren, direba dole ne ya kasance ainihin ace, saboda dole ne ya shawo kan yankuna tare da wurare daban-daban kuma a lokuta daban-daban na shekara.

Anan ga wasu daga cikin wasannin motsa jiki mafi kyau.

Dakar

Lokacin da mai son motsa jiki ya ji kalmar haduwa, kwakwalwarsa za ta ci gaba: "Paris-Dakar". Wannan ita ce mafi shahararren marathon mai tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin, wanda babban ɓangarensa ke bi ta cikin rairayi, yankunan marasa rai.

Wannan tseren mota ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan gasa mafi haɗari. Akwai dalilai da yawa don haka:

• direba na iya ɓacewa a cikin hamada;
• za a iya amfani da kewaya tauraron dan adam a cikin gaggawa kawai;
• motar na iya lalacewa da gaske, kuma yayin da suke jiran taimako, maaikatan na iya fama da zafin rana;
• yayin da wasu mahalarta tsere ke ƙoƙarin haƙa motar da ta makale, akwai yiwuwar ƙila cewa wani direban ba zai iya lura da mutane ba (alal misali, hanzartawa a gaban tsaunin da ke bayan aikin kwashe mutane) kuma ya ji musu rauni;
• akwai lokuta da yawa na cin zarafi akan mazauna yankin.

Duk nau'ikan motoci suna shiga cikin gudun fanfalaki: daga babur zuwa babbar mota.

Monte Carlo

Ofaya daga cikin matakan taron yana faruwa a wani yanki mai ban sha'awa a kudu maso gabashin Faransa, da kuma gefen azure na Monaco. Gasar ta faro ne tun daga 1911. An kirkiresu ne domin kiyaye abubuwan yawon bude ido.

A tsakanin lokacin tsere na Formula 1, garin da ake shakatawa ya zama ba kowa a ciki, wanda kasuwancin otal da sauran yankuna ke shafar sosai, wanda ya sa cibiyar yawon shakatawa ta duniya ke bunƙasa.

Hanyar matakin ta ƙunshi hawa-hawa marasa iyaka da zurfafawa, dogaye da kaifi. Saboda waɗannan fasalulluka, a wannan matakin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, manyan motoci masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi ba su da komai a gaban motoci masu ƙyalli kamar Mini Coopers.

1000 tabkuna

Wannan matakin tseren yanzu ana kiransa "Rally Finland". Yana ɗayan ɗayan mashahurai tsakanin masu sha'awar irin wannan motar motar. Hanyar ta wuce ta cikin yanki mai ban sha'awa tare da adadi mai yawa na tabkuna.

Ouninpohja yanki ne mai kalubalantar hanya. A wannan shimfidar, motocin da suka taru suna kaiwa da sauri da sauri kuma filin tudu yana ba da damar tsallakewa masu ban mamaki.

Don ƙarin nishaɗi, masu shiryawa sun sanya alamomi a gefen titi don masu sauraro su iya yin rikodin tsawon tsalle. An cire wannan rukunin yanar gizon daga yawon shakatawa a cikin 2009 saboda yawan haɗari masu haɗari.

Rikodi na tsalle na Marco Martin ne (tsayin tsalle mita 57 a gudun 171 km / h) da Gigi Galli (tsawon 58 m).

NASCAR

Mafi shahararren wasan motsa jiki a Amurka shine Super Bowl (ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka). A matsayi na biyu dangane da nishaɗi sune tseren Nascar. Wannan nau'in tseren motoci ya bayyana a cikin 1948. An rarraba gasar zuwa matakai daban-daban, a ƙarshen abin da kowane ɗan takara ke karɓar adadin maki daidai. Wanda ya ci nasara shine wanda ya tattara mafi yawan maki.

A zahiri, NASCAR ƙungiya ce ta Amurkawa wacce ke shirya tseren mota. Zuwa yau, motocin suna da kamanni na waje kawai da takwarorinsu. Amma ga "cikawa", waɗannan injina ne daban-daban.

Ganin cewa yanayin tseren zagaye ne a kan hanya mai kyau, motocin sun sami manyan lamuran da galibi ba sa faruwa yayin tuki a kan hanyoyin jama'a, saboda haka suna buƙatar haɓaka.

A cikin jerin tsere, wadanda suka shahara sune Daytona 500 (wanda aka gudanar a da'irar a Daytona) da Indy 500 (wanda aka gudanar a filin wasan Indianapolis). Dole ne mahalarta su yi tafiyar mil 500 ko kilomita 804 da sauri-wuri.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙa'idodin ba sa hana direbobi su "daidaita abubuwa" daidai kan waƙa ta hanyar turawa, wanda haɗari ke faruwa a yayin tsere, daga abin da wannan gasa motar ta shahara sosai.

Tsarin E

Wannan nau'in tseren mota na ban mamaki yayi kama da gasar Formula 1, motocin lantarki guda ɗaya ne kawai tare da ƙafafun buɗe ke shiga cikin tseren. An kafa wannan aji a cikin 2012. Babban mahimmancin kowane gasa mota shine a gwada motoci a ƙarƙashin ƙananan lodi. Ga samfuran da ke dauke da injina masu amfani da lantarki, babu irin wannan "dakin gwaje-gwaje" a da.

Shekaru biyu bayan kafuwar aji na ABB FIA Formula E Championchip, gasar farko ta fara. A farkon kakar, an shirya yin amfani da motoci iri ɗaya. Dallara, Renault, McLaren da Williams ne suka ƙera samfurin. Sakamakon shine motar tseren Spark -Renault SRT1 (babban gudun 225 km / h, hanzari zuwa ɗaruruwan - 3 seconds). Ya zagaya waƙoƙin don yanayi huɗu na farko. A cikin 2018, Spark SRT05e (335 hp) ya bayyana tare da babban gudun 280 km / h.

Idan aka kwatanta da "babban yaya", wannan nau'in tseren ya zama ba shi da saurin sauri - motocin ba za su iya saurin zuwa gudun da ke ƙasa da 300 km / h. Amma idan aka kwatanta, irin waɗannan gasa sun zama masu rahusa sosai. A kan matsakaita, kungiyar F-1 ta kashe kimanin fam miliyan 115 don kulawa, yayin da kungiyar analog din lantarki ta dauki mai daukar nauyin miliyan 3 kawai. Kuma wannan yana la'akari da gaskiyar cewa har zuwa 2018 akwai motoci biyu a cikin garejin kowace ƙungiya (cajin batir ya isa kawai rabin tseren, don haka a wani mataki tsere kawai ya canza zuwa mota ta biyu).

Jawo-racing

Binciken ya ƙare tare da wani nau'in tsere mafi ban sha'awa a duniya - gasa cikin hanzari. Aikin direba shine wucewa ta cikin sashin ¹/₄ mil (402 m), ¹/₂ mil (804 m), ¹/₈ mil (mita 201) ko cikakken mil (mita 1609) a cikin mafi karancin lokaci.

Ana gudanar da gasa a madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar yanki. Hanzari yana da mahimmanci a cikin wannan gasar motar. Sau da yawa a irin waɗannan abubuwan zaku ga wakilan famfo na motocin Muscle.

Mallaka kowane irin jigilar kaya na iya shiga cikin wasan tsere (wani lokacin ma ana yin gasa tsakanin taraktoci). Kwararrun, a gefe guda, suna shiga cikin motocin tsere na musamman da ake kira dodo.

A cikin irin waɗannan motocin, abu mafi mahimmanci shine ƙarfi da matsakaicin hanzari a cikin madaidaiciyar sashi, don haka yawancin tsarin da ke ciki na zamanin da ne. Akasin haka, Motors na musamman ne. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da ƙarfin 12 horsepower. Tare da irin wannan wutar, motar ta “tashi” kwata-kwata a cikin dakika 000 kawai a gudun kusan 4 km / h.

Tare da ci gaban wasanni na motsa jiki, nau'ikan tsere na mota ya bayyana, waɗanda suke da ban sha'awa ta hanyar su. Wasu ana ɗaukarsu masu haɗari musamman, wasu baƙon abu ne, kuma akwai ma waɗanda ke nuna ƙarfi, misali, rukunin Derby.

Ba shi yiwuwa a yi bayani dalla-dalla kan kowane ɗayansu, amma ana iya lura cewa dukansu suna nanata keɓantaccen abin hawa, wanda ya samo asali ne daga '' matukan jirgin da ke tuka kansu '' zuwa cikin maƙarƙashiya, da ke saurin 500 km / h.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Wane irin tseren mota ne akwai? Zobe, juriya, taro, ganima, giciye, slalom, gwaji, ja, derby, drift. Kowane wasa yana da nasa dokoki da horo.

КMenene sunan tseren da'ira? tseren da'ira yana nufin nau'ikan jinsi daban-daban. Misali, waɗannan sune: Nascar, Formula 1-3, GP, GT. Dukkansu ana gudanar da su a kan shimfidar hanyoyi.

Menene sunan direba na biyu a cikin motar tsere? Ana kiran ma’aikacin matukin jirgi mai kewayawa (a zahiri an fassara shi daga Yaren mutanen Holland, mutum shi ne helm). Mai tuƙi yana iya samun taswira, littafin hanya ko kwafi a wurinsa.