Gwajin gwaji na almara Lada daga USSR VFTS

Waɗannan "Zhiguli" sun kasance fitattun mutane a Yammacin Turai kuma ba a cimma buri ba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, kuma a yau suna ba da ƙarni ga sabbin tsaran tsere. Muna ba da labarin VFTS kuma muna gwada motar da Stasis Brundza da kansa ya sani

Akasin duk wata ma'ana, 'yan gargajiya na "Togliatti" ba ruɓewa suke yi a cikin girman ƙasarsu ta zalunci, amma suna cikin farkawa. A kowace shekara motoci da yawa da ke da warkewa da ƙarfafa jikinsu, injunan da aka tilasta, kwalliyar da aka gyara, fentin yaƙi da kuma mutane masu farin ciki da ke bayan motar suna bayyana akan hanyoyin. Abubuwan wasan motsa jiki na gaskiya suna haɓakawa game da samfurin, wanda koyaushe ya kasance abin ƙyama da sauri da sarrafawa.

A zahiri, akwai isassun dalilai na haƙiƙa don wannan. Dabi'un da ke da alaƙa ta asali, ƙira mai sauƙi da zuciya ta saba da shi - kuma, ba shakka, farashin dinari na motocin da kansu da mafi yawan kayan gyara. Masu sha'awar halin yanzu na "tsoffin mayaƙan yaƙi" suma mafarki ne ke jagorantar su - ko na su ne, ko kuma sun gada daga kakannin su. Mafarki don gina madaidaicin "Zhiguli" kamar na almara kuma wanda ba a iya kaiwa ga Lada VFTS.

 

Wannan kunnawa yanzu akwai ta ga kowa, kuma ana bincika ingantattun girke-girke masu inganci akan Intanet a cikin minti biyar. Amma a tsakiyar 1980s, “wardi” akan lever na watsawa, murfin tausa akan kujerun da kuma “antistatic” tube rataye zuwa kwalta sun kusan iyaka na inganta ga mai sauki direba. Kayan aiki? Yana da kyau idan ya kasance mai amfani ne kawai.

Yanzu tunanin yadda VFTS yayi kama da wannan asalin. Jiki mai tsayi, 160-da ikon da aka karɓa daga injin da ke da kyan gani - kuma ƙasa da sakan takwas zuwa ɗari! Ko da an daidaita shi don gaskiyar cewa motar motar yaƙi ce, duk abin ya zama abin birgewa. Kodayake ba ta kasance cikin motocin Zhiguli mafi sauri ba, amma akwai kyakkyawar hanyar kulawa ga kowane ƙaramin bayani.

Wannan duk dabi'un mahaliccin VFTS ne, fitaccen ɗan tseren Lithuania Stasis Brundza. Baya ga saurin yanayi ba tare da wani sharadi ba, koyaushe ya banbanta shi ta hanyar ilimin kimiyya, lissafin salon aerobatics: mafi karancin gantali, iya aiki da tunani mai kyau tare da rubutun. Sakamakon shine taken goma na zakaran USSR da lambobin yabo da yawa a gasa ta duniya. Kuma a wajen hanyoyin haduwa, Stasis shima ya zama mutum mai tsananin tsegumi tare da kasuwanci.

Bayan bai wa thean shekarun farko na aikinsa ga Izhevsk Automobile Shuka kuma ya sami babbar nasara a Izha da Moskvich, Brundza na ɗaya daga cikin na farko da suka fahimci cewa sun fara zama sannu a hankali, kuma makomar ta sabo ce Zhiguli. Kuma kuma - cewa kada ku dogara ga ƙwararrun masana masana'antu: idan kuna son yin kyau, yi shi da kanku.

Lakabin Lithuania ya koma ƙasarsa, inda, bisa tushen masana'antar gyaran mota a Vilnius, ya ƙirƙiri ƙaramar bitar don shirya kayan haɗuwa. Kayan aiki na zamani, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masani kuma mafi daidaitaccen aiki akan kowane daki-daki - wannan shine abin da ya zama mabuɗin nasara. A rabi na biyu na shekarun 1970, yakin "kopecks" wanda Brundza ya shirya ya fara tattara tarin kyaututtukan kofuna kuma ya zama babban tasirin karfi na taron Soviet.

Girman yana girma: a farkon shekarun 1980, Brundza ya riga ya ɗauki mutane 50 aiki, kuma bita ya zama babban kamfani, wanda ke karɓar sunan VFTS - Vilnius Vehicle Factory. Kuma idan lokacin canzawa ya yi daga "kopecks" zuwa sabo "fives", Stasis ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar duk abubuwan da aka tara kuma su tafi karyewa.

Sabbin "Zhiguli" ana daidaita su gwargwadon buƙatun ƙasashen duniya na sanannen "Rukuni na B" - a zahiri babu ƙuntatawa akan gyare -gyare a can. Crazy Audi Sport Quattro, Lancia Delta S4, Peugeot 205 T16 da sauran dodannin turbo da ke da ƙarfin dawakai sama da 600 sun fito daga can, kodayake Lada VFTS, ba shakka, ta fi tawali'u. Tsarin shimfidar injin gaba, juzu'i na baya maimakon cike-kuma babu turbines: injin ya kasance yana ɗora burinsa kuma yana riƙe ƙimar masana'anta na 1600 "cubes".

Amma an tsabtace shi da ainihin kayan ado na gaskiya, wanda mai ɗaukar kayan aikin na AvtoVAZ ya kasa aiki da manufa. An zaɓi sassan masana'anta a hankali, an goge su, an daidaita su kuma an sake goge su. An sake gina crankshaft da camshafts, ta hanyar amfani da sandunan hada abubuwa, bawul din da aka yi da sinadarin titanium, da kuma matsakaitan matsakaita daga mizanin 8,8 zuwa 11,5 - dukkansu suna da karfi ta hanyar manyan tagwayen Weber 45-DCOE carburetors. A zahiri, babu wani abu guda ɗaya a cikin motar gabaɗaya wanda baƙon Vilnius bai taɓa shi ba. Lineasan layi? Fiye da doki 160 a ma'aikata 69!

Tabbas, sauran kayan aikin an canza su. VFTS yana da dakatarwar da aka ƙarfafa tare da ilimin lissafi daban-daban, mai daidaita gaban gaba biyu, akushin baya da aka gyara da kuma tsarin shaye shaye na wasanni tare da na 4-2-1 da yawa - har ma ya sake yin wani rami a cikin ƙasan ƙarƙashin sharar iska, wanda gudu a layi daya zuwa watsa daya. Kuma daga baya motocin sun yi alfahari da gajeren tuƙi, akwatin gear mai sauri-sauri biyar maimakon madaidaicin gearbox mai sauri-huɗu, har ma da sassan jikin aluminum. A wata kalma, waɗannan sune Zhigulis mafi kyawu a tarihi - kuma ɗayan samfuran wasanni mafi nasara na USSR. Ya kai ga batun cewa rukunin masana'antar ta AvtoVAZ sun daina kokarin gina nasu sigar na taron "biyar" kuma sun koma ga tunanin Braundza.

Bugu da ƙari, VFTS ya zama babban burin da ba zai yiwu ba har ma ga 'yan wasan Soviet kansu. Waɗannan motocin an zaba su ne da zaɓaɓɓun masu tsere, mafi kyau duka, sauran kuma kawai ba sa wadatar su. Gaskiyar ita ce taron "Zhiguli" masoya matukan jirgin Yammaci ne - Jamusawa, Norway, Sweden da kuma, musamman, 'yan Hungary. Mota mai sauri, mai sauƙi, mai biyayya ta kai kimanin dala dubu 20 - dinari ta ƙa'idodin fasahar tsere. Kuma ƙungiyar Soviet "Autoexport" da farin ciki ta ba da VFTS a ƙasashen waje, suna jawo kuɗin waje zuwa ƙasar.

Gaskiya ne, a Yammacin Turai ba su tsaya kan bikin tare da "jigs mu'ujiza" ba. A sakamakon haka, kusan babu sauran kwafin asali. Cikakken mota cikakke tana cikin gidan adana kayan tarihi na Stasis Brundza, kuma ana iya gano wasu kwafin da yawa da rai ta hanyar alama a kejin: duk wani abu da ya wuce ya mutu ta hanyar lambar autocross, an canza sau dubu kuma yana cikin musamman bakin ciki jihar.

Ya bambanta da suna na VFTS. Ya tsira daga rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, shekarun 1990 da ke cikin rikici kuma suka sake yin fure a ƙarni na XNUMX. A zamanin yau, masu sha'awar suna gina motoci da yawa waɗanda galibi suna kwafin bayyanar motocin Vilnius - faɗaɗa jikin "murabba'i", ɓataccen mai ɓata ɓarna a jikin akwati, yin aikin da baya-baya ... zamani da sauƙin tilastawa "shesnar"? Waɗannan motoci ba su zama abubuwan VFTS ba, sai dai girmamawa, haraji ga salo da ruhu.

Amma kwafin da kuke gani a cikin hotunan an gina shi daidai gwargwadon yadda aka samo asali - bisa ga takaddun haɗin haɗin da aka gabatar wa FIA a 1982. Tabbas, akwai 'yan ƙananan yanci, amma basu sa waɗannan Zhiguli ya zama ingantacce ba. Kada ku yarda da ni? To, ga gaskiyar ku guda ɗaya: an bincika motar da kaina, Stasis Brundza da kansa ya sanya hannu kuma ya sa hannu.

Haka kuma, shuɗin "biyar" na shekarar 1984 bai yi kama da sake fasalin sam ba. Red ado a kan shaye da abubuwan dakatarwa, ƙonewa-da kuma wani lokacin fashe fenti, sawa fayafai - duk wadannan ba lahani, amma daidai patina tarihi, kamar dai da gaske motar ta tsira daga waɗannan shekarun. Kuma lokacin da injininta ya zama mai rai, tari mai banƙyama a kan "rago" mara kyau, Ina cike da motsin rai na musamman.

Don lokacin hunturu, waɗancan carburetors ɗin guda biyu an cire su daga nan kuma an sanya guda ɗaya - kuma Weber, amma mafi sauki. Measuredarfin da aka auna a tsaye ya ragu daga 163 zuwa 135 horsepower, amma wannan ba abu bane mai girma: akwai wadatar da yawa ga kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. Amma fahariya a cikin wannan yanayin, kamar yadda masu kirkira ke faɗi, ya fi yawa - don sauƙaƙa motar ta motsa cikin zamiya.

Amma duk da haka, rayuwa a ƙasa ba ta nan. Dole ne ku fara tafiya tare da podgazovka, kuma idan kun kunna matakin mafi girma da wuri, VFTS kusan za su tsaya - dole ne ku matsi kama kuma ku sake tayar da su. Amma da zarar motar ta fara juyawa, ainihin waƙar farin ciki da sauri yana farawa.

Nauyi mai nauyi - kasa da tan - motar da shahararriya ta karu da sauri a karkashin wata babbar hanyar shaye-shaye, kuma kusa da matsakaicin 7000 rpm, ana jin hayaniya daga karkashin murfin, wanda aka saka da zoben karfe. Tsarin sanyi na dakatar da hunturu tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu laushi da masu ɗimbin birgewa suna daidaita madaidaiciyar hanyar wajan Tattaki na Yankin Moscow - har ma a ƙasa mai wuya, "biyar" ɗin suna kula da cikakkiyar hulɗa tare da farfajiyar, kuma sun sauka sosai daga kan teburin ruwa: na roba, santsi kuma ba tare da sakandare na biyu

Duk da daidaitaccen tuƙi, wannan motar tana da sauƙi mai sauƙin sarrafawa: ƙarar ƙwallon ƙafa ta gaba mai ƙarfi da daidaitaccen taimako na asali. Motar ba dole ba ce ta juya daga gefe zuwa gefe - ya isa sanya motar a ƙofar (tare da birki, sauya wuri, komai), sannan kuma zai riƙe kusurwar kusan da kansa, kusan ba tare da buƙatar wani gyara ba. . Ee, kusassun ba su da kyau - amma wannan ba matsala ce ba tare da "Krasnoyarsk inversion" ba, amma na'urar haduwa ce wacce aka shirya da farko don inganci.

Amma yaya fun, gaskiya da gaskiya VFTS ke nuna hali a lokaci guda! Tana da sauri ta sami yaren gama gari, a yadda take babu karya ko shubuha - kawai tsabtar dokokin kimiyyar lissafi da kuma ikon da ke tattare da kawai tseren motoci don tuki mafi sauƙi. Kuma, da na sami kyakkyawar tafiya, na fahimci dalilin da ya sa ɗaruruwan turawa da ariansan Hungaria ke fafatawa da Zhiguli har wa yau - ba kasafin kuɗi ne kawai ba, har ma da jin daɗin shaidan.

Kuma abin farin ciki ne cewa bautar VFTS, wanda kusan ya zama tatsuniya ga direbobin Soviet, kuma gaskiyane ga baƙi, daga ƙarshe ya dawo Rasha. Motsi, haduwa ko kawai motocin hanya basu da mahimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci cewa "combatwararrun gwagwarmaya" sun zama sanannu da gaske.