Gwajin gwajin QUANT 48VOLT: juyin juya hali a cikin masana'antar kera motoci ko ...

760 h.p. da hanzari a cikin dakika 2,4 yana nuna damar mai tarawa

Ya yi asara a cikin inuwar Elon Musk da Tesla nasa, amma Nuncio La Vecchio da fasahar tawagarsa, wanda kamfanin bincike nanoFlowcell ke amfani da shi, na iya canza masana'antar kera da gaske. Sabuwar ƙirƙira daga kamfanin Switzerland shine ɗakin studio QUANT 48VOLT, wanda ke biye da ƙaramin QUANTINO 48VOLT da samfuran ra'ayi da yawa na baya kamar QUANT F waɗanda har yanzu basu yi amfani da fasahar 48-volt ba.

Kasancewar a cikin magriba na rudanin masana'antar kera motoci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, NanoFlowcell ya yanke shawarar tura damar ci gabansa da haɓaka fasahar abin da ake kira batura nan take, waɗanda a cikin aikinsu ba su da alaƙa da nickel-metal hydride da lithium-ion. Koyaya, bincika kusa da ɗakin studio na QUANT 48VOLT zai bayyana hanyoyin fasaha na musamman - ba kawai dangane da hanyar samar da wutar lantarki da aka ambata ba, har ma da kewayen 48V gabaɗaya tare da injinan lantarki masu yawa tare da coils na aluminum da aka gina a cikin ƙafafun, da kuma jimlar fitarwa na 760 horsepower. Tabbas, tambayoyi da yawa suna tasowa.

Batura masu gudana - menene su?

Da dama daga cikin kamfanonin bincike da cibiyoyi, kamar su Fraunhofer da ke kasar ta Jamus, suna ta kera baturai da ke amfani da wutan lantarki sama da shekaru goma.

Waɗannan batura ne, ko kuma a'a, abubuwa ne kama da mai, waɗanda aka cika su da ruwa, kamar ana zuba mai a cikin mota tare da injin mai ko na dizal. A zahiri, ra'ayin yawo-ta hanyar ko kuma abin da ake kira kwararar-ta hanyar redox baturiya ba mai wahala bane, kuma haƙƙin mallaka na farko a wannan yankin ya faro ne daga 1949. Kowane ɗayan sel ɗin guda biyu, wanda membrane ya ware (kama da na mai), an haɗa shi da wani tafki mai ɗauke da takamaiman lantarki. Dangane da yanayin abubuwa zuwa ga ma'amala da juna, proton yana motsawa daga ɗayan wutan lantarki zuwa wani ta membrane, kuma ana yin electrons ne ta hanyar wani abokin masarufi da yake haɗuwa da ɓangarorin biyu, sakamakon haka wutar lantarki ke gudana. Bayan wani lokaci, tankoki biyu suna tsiyaye kuma an cika su da sabon lantarki, kuma wanda aka yi amfani da shi “an sake yin amfani da shi” a tashoshin caji. Ana amfani da tsarin ta hanyar farashinsa.

Duk da yake duk wannan yana da kyau, da rashin alheri, har yanzu akwai sauran cikas ga amfani da wannan nau'in batirin a cikin motoci. Thearfin makamashi na batirin redox tare da vanadium electrolyte yana cikin kewayon 30-50 Wh kawai a kowace lita, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙimar batirin acid-gubar. A wannan halin, don adana adadin makamashi kamar na batirin lithium-ion na zamani mai ƙarfin 20 kWh, a daidai wannan matakin fasaha na batirin redox, za a buƙaci lita 500 na lantarki. A cikin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje, batirin da ake kira vanadium bromide polysulfide yana samun ƙarfin makamashi na 90 Wh kowace lita.

Ba a buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman don samar da batura mai gudana. Babu buƙatar masu haɓaka masu tsada irin su platinum da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙwayoyin mai ko polymer kamar batirin ion lithium. Babban farashin tsarin dakin gwaje-gwaje an bayyana shi ne kawai ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa su nau'ikan-daya ne kuma ana yin su da hannu. Dangane da batun tsaro, babu hatsari. Lokacin da aka gauraya wutan lantarki guda biyu, wani sinadarin "gajeren zango" yake faruwa, wanda zafin yake fitarwa kuma zazzabin ya tashi, amma ya kasance cikin kyawawan dabi'u, kuma ba wani abu da yake faruwa. Tabbas, wasu kayan ruwa basu da hadari, amma kuma akwai mai da mai.

NanoFlowcell na juyin juya halin zamani

Bayan shekaru na bincike, nanoFlowcell ya haɓaka fasahar da ba ta sake amfani da electrolytes. Kamfanin ba ya ba da cikakkun bayanai game da hanyoyin sinadarai, amma gaskiyar ita ce, takamaiman makamashin tsarin su na bi-ion ya kai 600 W / l mai ban mamaki kuma ta haka yana ba da damar samar da irin wannan babban iko ga injinan lantarki. Don yin wannan, an haɗa sel shida tare da ƙarfin lantarki na 48 volts a layi daya, masu iya samar da wutar lantarki zuwa tsarin da ƙarfin 760 hp. Wannan fasaha tana amfani da membrane mai tushen nanotechnology wanda nanoFlowcell ya haɓaka don samar da babban wurin tuntuɓar juna kuma ya ba da damar maye gurbin adadi mai yawa na electrolyte cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A nan gaba, wannan kuma zai ba da damar sarrafa mafita na electrolyte tare da haɓakar makamashi mafi girma. Tun da tsarin ba ya amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki kamar baya, an kawar da masu amfani da buffer - sababbin abubuwa suna ciyar da injin lantarki kai tsaye kuma suna da babban ƙarfin fitarwa. QUANT yana da ingantaccen yanayi inda aka kashe wasu sel kuma ana rage wuta da sunan inganci. Duk da haka, lokacin da ake buƙatar wutar lantarki, yana samuwa - saboda girman girman 2000 Nm a kowace dabaran (8000 Nm kawai bisa ga kamfanin), haɓakawa zuwa 100 km / h yana ɗaukar 2,4 seconds, kuma babban gudun yana iyakance ga 300 na lantarki. km. / h Don irin waɗannan sigogi, yana da dabi'a don kada a yi amfani da watsawa - 140 kW na'urorin lantarki guda hudu an haɗa su kai tsaye a cikin ƙafafun ƙafafun.

Juyin juyi daga yanayin lantarki injina na lantarki

Karamin abin al'ajabi na fasaha shine injinan lantarki da kansu. Domin suna aiki da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na 48 volts, ba su da lokaci 3 ba, amma 45-phase! Maimakon naɗaɗɗen jan ƙarfe, suna amfani da tsarin lattice na aluminum don rage ƙarar - wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman idan aka yi la'akari da manyan igiyoyin ruwa. Dangane da ilimin lissafi mai sauƙi, tare da ƙarfin 140 kW kowace motar lantarki da ƙarfin lantarki na 48 volts, halin yanzu yana gudana ta cikinsa yakamata ya zama 2900 amperes. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa nanoFlowcell yana sanar da ƙimar XNUMXA ga tsarin gaba ɗaya. Game da wannan, dokokin manyan lambobi suna aiki sosai a nan. Kamfanin ba ya bayyana irin tsarin da ake amfani da su don watsa irin wannan igiyoyin. Koyaya, fa'idar ƙarancin wutar lantarki shine cewa ba a buƙatar tsarin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi, rage farashin samfur. Hakanan yana ba da damar amfani da MOSFET mai rahusa (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) maimakon HV IGBT mafi tsada (High Voltage Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors).

Babu motar ko tsarin da yakamata ya motsa a hankali bayan haɓakar sanyaya mai ƙarfi.

Manyan tankuna suna da ƙarfi na lita 2 x 250 kuma, a cewar nanoFlowcell, ƙwayoyin da ke aiki da zafin jiki na kusan digiri 96 suna da inganci kashi 90. An haɗa su cikin rami a cikin tsarin bene kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan cibiyar abin hawa. A yayin aiki, motar tana fidar da ruwa, kuma ana tara gishiri daga cikin wutan lantarki da aka kashe a cikin matattara ta musamman kuma ana raba su kowane kilomita 10. Koyaya, ba a bayyana ba daga sanarwar sanarwa ta hukuma akan shafuka 000 nawa motar ke cinyewa a cikin kilomita 40, kuma a bayyane yake akwai bayanai marasa ma'ana. Kamfanin ya yi iƙirarin cewa lita ɗaya na bi-ION tana biyan kuɗi euro 100. Don tankuna masu nauyin lita 0,10 x 2 da nisan kilomita kimanin 250, wannan yana nufin lita 1000 a kilomita 50, wanda hakan ya sake yin fa'ida dangane da farashin mai (batun nauyi daban). Koyaya, ƙarfin tsarin da aka ayyana na 100 kWh, wanda yayi daidai da 300 kWh / l, yana nufin amfani da 600 kWh a kowace kilomita 30, wanda yake da yawa. Karamin Quantino, alal misali, yana da tankoki na lita 100 x 2 wadanda suke kawowa (a gwargwadon rahoto) 95 kWh kawai (mai yiwuwa 15?), Kuma yana da nisan kilomita 115 a 1000 kWh cikin 14 kilomita. Waɗannan a bayyane suke.

Duk wannan banda, duka fasahar tuki da ƙirar mota suna da ban mamaki, wanda a cikin kansa ya bambanta da kamfani mai farawa. Tsarin sararin samaniya da kayayyakin da ake yinsu daga jikin su kuma manyan fasaha ne. Amma wannan ya riga ya zama yana da yanayi bisa ga asalin wannan mashin ɗin. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci, abin hawan TUV ne tabbatacce don tuki a kan hanyar sadarwar Jamusanci kuma a shirye yake don samar da jerin. Abin da ya kamata ya fara a Switzerland a shekara mai zuwa.

Rubutu: Georgy Kolev

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