Gwajin gwada samfuran manyan aji biyar: kyakkyawan aiki

BMW 2000 Tea, Ford 20 M XL 2300 S, Mercedes-Benz 230, NSU Ro 80, Opel Commodore 2500 S

A cikin shekara ta 1968 mai neman sauyi, gwajin kwatancen ban mamaki na manyan motoci guda biyar sun fito a masana'antar kera motoci da wasanni. Mun yanke shawarar sake yin wannan abin tunawa.

Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a tattara waɗannan motoci guda biyar - a wuri ɗaya kuma a lokaci guda. Kamar yadda aka sake yin fim ɗin, an sami sabani daga ainihin rubutun. Uku daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne ainihin madogara. Commodore ba ya cikin sigar GS amma a cikin coupe mai tushe tare da 120 maimakon 130 hp, ultra-rare 2000 tilux ba inda za a same shi a yau, don haka mun yi hayar tii tare da 130 maimakon 120 hp. Ko zo, gwada nemo 20M RS P7a - yakamata a maye gurbinsa da 20M XL P7b, tare da injin lita 2,3 iri ɗaya yana samar da 108 hp. ba tare da wani yunƙuri ba. Kuma a, a yau ba Le Mans ko Brittany ba ne, amma Landshut a Lower Bavaria. Amma lokacin rani ya sake dawowa, kamar a cikin 1968, kuma poppies suna sake yin fure a kan hanya, kamar yadda suke a tsakanin Mayenne da Fougères, wanda ba za a iya gani a cikin hotuna baƙar fata da fari daga tsofaffin lambobi.

Koyaya, NSU Ro 80 shine farkon samfuri tare da matosai guda biyu masu jakunkuna, bututun shaye-shaye biyu da carburetors biyu. Kuma tare da 230 namu a cikin rawar Mercedes / 8, an haɗa kwafin jerin farko, kodayake ya sami ci gaba da yawa masu rikitarwa. Tare da taimakon manyan motoci biyar na Jamus, mun sami damar zana hoto na yau da kullun na ƙarshen 60s. Mutanen da a da suka tuka motar Opel Olympia yanzu suna tuka motar Commodore, kuma wanda ya fara da Taunus globe yana zaune a sabon 20M.

Mafi arha samfurin silinda shida a cikin abin da yake a lokacin Jamus yana gayyatar ku don hawa matakan zamantakewa - tare da sauƙi da mu'ujiza ta tattalin arzikin Jamus ta yi alkawari tare da haɓaka kai tsaye na kashi biyar cikin ɗari a shekara. Tare da su shuru, m shida-Silinda model, Opel da Ford sun riga sun dauki wuri na nasara wadanda, BMW - bayan wani ascetic search for nasa ainihi - an yarda su koma wasan, kuma NSU - jiya derisively watsi manufacturer na kananan motoci - gigita dukan shahararrun brands da ta farko-aji gaban-dabaran drive model, da zane wanda kamar yadda mai ban sha'awa kamar yadda sophisticated ikon tuƙi, hudu diski birki da karkatar-strut raya axle.

Wannan ya ce, har yanzu ba mu ce komai ba game da sabon injin Wankel, wanda ya saba wa dukkan ra'ayi: pistons guda biyu suna jujjuya cikin babban taro mai ban mamaki kuma suna isar da 115 hp zuwa madaidaicin sandarsa. - babu jijjiga, kwadayi don babban gudu, yanayi da kuma kyakkyawan fata game da rayuwar babur. Ƙa'idar aiki mai rikitarwa na wannan injin konewa mai kama da injin turbine - mara amfani, mara gear, amma har yanzu bugun jini huɗu - yana ba da bankwana mara tausayi ga pistons masu juyawa na zamanin injin tururi. A lokacin kowa ya mamaye cikin Wankel euphoria, yana siyan lasisi don tabbatar da makomar gaba (wanda Mercedes zai kira C 111) - kowa banda BMW.

Silinda shida da Wankel

Bayan da ya tsira daga yanayin rashin damuwa wanda yake motsawa tsakanin Isetta da 507, BMW ya sake gano kansa saboda godiyar wasanni na 1800 da 2000. Talla ana kiranta "ƙarshen shiru na girgiza". Wannan ya sa injin Wankel bai zama dole ba ga masana'anta na Munich.

Ta kowane fanni, ya zama ƙayyadaddun kwarara, jujjuyawar juzu'i ko ƙarfi, ya fi injin Wankel ɗin tagwaye-rotor. Mu 2000 tii a cikin "Verona ja" har yanzu yana da ɗan nisa daga gabaɗayan inginin babban BMW, amma yana da kusan watsa iri ɗaya da 2500, ƙananan silinda biyu ne kawai.

Godiya ga taimakon taning na tsarin allurar mai na Kugelfischer, injin lita tii 130 na samar da mai karfin 5800 mai kyau. a 2000 rpm Don wannan matakin na iko, masu fafatawa da silinda shida daga Opel, Ford da Mercedes suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙaura sosai. Amma daga hangen nesa na yau, XNUMX tii yana da kwatankwacin kwatankwacin kwatancen, kamar yana buƙatar gearbox mai saurin biyar. Tafiyarta ba ta da jituwa kamar ta masu fafatawa huɗu.

A yau abin mamaki ne cewa a cikin 1968, godiya ga kyakkyawan aiki mai mahimmanci da ƙananan farashi, sigar carbureted na tilux 2000 ya fara wuri a cikin matsayi a cikin sashin "Injiniya da Wuta". Samfurin BMW babu shakka shine mafi wasan motsa jiki a cikin motoci guda biyar, wanda kuma ke nuna ƙanƙantar sa, ƙaƙƙarfan siffarsa tare da fasalin Italiyanci da kunkuntar hanya. Michelotti ne ya tsara aikin jiki ba tare da ƙawata ba, tare da kusan madawwamin aminci ga tsarkakan siffofi na trapezoidal - a zamanin da wasu har yanzu suna wasa da fins a bayansu.

Babu shakka, BMW 2000 kyakkyawar mota ce tare da cikakkun bayanai da aka kera ta ƙauna; In ba haka ba, aikin baƙar fata na ciki an gama shi da katako na itace na halitta. Ingancin ginin yana da ƙarfi, ana ɗaukar Sabuwar Class a matsayin mota mai inganci ta gaske, aƙalla bayan an sake fasalin ƙirar a 1968. Sa'an nan kuma zoben baroque na ƙaho ya ɓace daga kogin, an ba da fifiko ga na'urorin sarrafawa masu sauƙi, haɗin gwiwa da cikakkun bayanai na mutum. da tsananin himma da balaga. Har yanzu kuna zaune kamar Capra a cikin wannan BMW, ra'ayi a kowane bangare yana da ban sha'awa, siriri babban sitiyarin an nannade shi da fata, kuma madaidaicin maƙerin ya dace da kwanciyar hankali a hannun ku.

Wannan BMW ɗin ba don mutanen da suke son shakatawa yayin tuki ba, amma don ƙarin direbobi masu ƙima. Motar tuƙi ba tare da sarrafa wutar lantarki ba tana aiki kai tsaye, wanda yake alama ce ta iri da ta wuce 1962. Tsarin karkatarwa da MacPherson strut undercarriage a gaba mai tauri ne amma ba rashin jin daɗi ba. Bayyanannen hali na wuce gona da iri bayan tsawaita hali na tsaka tsaki a cikin saurin gudu shima alama ce ta ci gaba da tsayayyar samfuran BMW na zamanin Paul Hahnemann.

Mercedes 230 ko S-Class Breeze

Wakilin Mercedes yayi ɗabi'a daban. Kodayake an ɗora kwalliyarta zuwa matakin BMW da jinkiri, babu wani abin wasa game da / 8 da sigar silinda 230 dinta. Amince, yayi nesa da raunin 220 D godiya ga ikon 120 hp. Amma 230 ba ya ƙalubalanci direba ko kaɗan, kuma ba ya son a ƙalubalance shi. Yana amfani da babbar ajiyar sa ta aminci a cikin akwatin don kada ya faranta rai (menene tunanin batsa!), Amma kawai azaman makoma ta ƙarshe a cikin kwatsam kwatsam don kauce wa matsaloli.

In ba haka ba, 230 sun fi son bin hanyar da aka zaɓa cikin nutsuwa, da gajiyawa da kwanciyar hankali. Tauraron da ke sama da radiator a gaban idanunku yana canza alkibla tare da motsi na hannu ɗaya, yayin da ɗayan yana kan goyan baya godiya ga tuƙin wutar lantarki. Gear canjawa ne mai tedious tsari, sha'aninsu dabam da kuma m, kamar yadda yake a kan duk Mercedes model kafin da kuma bayan / 8. Su gaske dace da atomatik more. 230 mai dadi; Ƙarshen gaba ya fi fadi kuma ya fi maraba fiye da samfurin BMW - misali na gaskiya na jin dadi, mafi dacewa da injin silinda mai busa shida tare da acoustics na Mercedes. Ko da a cikin mafi karami shida-Silinda Mercedes, sauti na engine magana game da wadata da kuma gamsuwa, da kuma a cikin hudu-Silinda versions - a wajen wuya hawa sama da zamantakewa tsani. Duk da haka, wannan Mercedes ba gaba ɗaya ya saba da jin daɗi ba. Kyawawan tsarin sarrafawa har yanzu suna ɗaukar wani abu na salon wasan motsa jiki na SL, layin layi-shida a ƙarƙashin hular yana da babban matsayi na lita uku, kuma carburetors tagwaye suna ba da shaida ga wasu hedonism na Württemberg.

Lokacin da gilashin gilashin gilashi suna rawa a cikin ruwan sama kamar fuka-fukin malam buɗe ido, direban / 8 zai iya jin farin ciki na gaske - yana jin lafiya. A mafi girma revs, tsarin da ba shi da ƙwaƙƙwaran ingin silinda shida yana jin ɗungum, yana son tsayawar 120kmph kuma yana ba da izinin canzawa a baya. Shi ba dan wasa ba ne, sai dai ma'aikaci ne mai taurin kai da dan sha'awar man shanu. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi - a cikin 2015 an kori 8 / 1968 kamar yadda yake a cikin XNUMX. Saboda haka, sai ya ɗauki matsayi na farko - daidai saboda komai yana faruwa da shi kamar dai shi kaɗai.

NSU Ro 80 yana da daɗi sosai, tare da tuƙin wuta, watsawa ta atomatik, yalwar tafiye-tafiyen dakatarwa da kujeru kamar kujerun hannu. Mota mai nisa ta gaske wacce za ta iya nuna fa'idar tukinta da ba a saba gani ba, galibi akan hanya. Naúrar turbine tagwaye-rotor baya son canje-canje akai-akai a cikin lodi da ƙananan gudu, suna ƙara yawan amfani har zuwa lita 20, matosai masu jika kuma suna haifar da tsufa na faranti. A wani lokaci a cikin kamfanin, kalmar "tukin likita" ya kasance daidai da kuskuren injin da bai yi tafiyar kilomita 30 ba. Kuma ba kamar Mercedes ba, Wankel Ro 000 yana haifar da tsoron abin da ba a sani ba; shakka baya ɓacewa da sauri kamar gajimare shuɗi na yau da kullun bayan fara injin dumi.

Yana yiwuwa saboda sautin da ba a saba gani ba - ƙara mai ƙarfi, mai kama da bugun jini mai kama da bugun jini wanda ba shi da alaƙa da ingantaccen sautin da 20M da Commodore su ne sarakunan. Yaya game da zuwa Sicily a yau? "Lafiya, wane jirgin ruwa zamu shiga?" Koyaya, Ro 80 dole ne ya zama daidai don kawo farin ciki da cika abin da kyawawan sifofinsa, waɗanda aka yi kamar ta hanyar iska mai zuwa, alkawuran. Mai ban sha'awa mai saurin watsawa ta atomatik guda uku tare da bugun jini daga kama a cikin lever gear dole ne a daidaita shi da kyau, famfo mai auna man a cikin carburetor dole ne yayi aiki da kyau, kuma mafi mahimmanci, kunnawa, wanda ya fi dacewa da walƙiya ta hanyar lantarki. Tare da kwafin mu na 1969 a cikin kyakkyawan sepia karfe, komai yana aiki da kyau, don haka ba ma so mu daina.

Injin KKM 612 ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba ya ɗauki sauri bayan fara abu na biyu, yana hanzarta ba tare da huci ba, baya shan sigari, yana sama sama da 4000 rpm, to lokaci yayi da na uku, sauyawar kaya bai taɓa yin nauyi sosai ba, kuma hum ɗin ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon juyawa ya zo. Kuna saki maƙura kadan, sa'annan ku sake hanzarta kuma Ro 80 yana motsawa kamar zare.

NSU Ro 80 azaman aikin fasaha

Motar gaba da doguwar wheelbase suna ba da garantin amintaccen kulawa, birkin fayafai ma sun fi girma, bututu mai welded ƙwanƙwasa katako aiki ne na fasaha, kuma akwai ɗan ƙasa kaɗan kawai lokacin yin kusurwa. Ana buƙatar kayan farko kawai lokacin hawa ko lokacin da kake son samun mafi kyawun lokutan hanzari, kamar a cikin gwaje-gwajen kwatanta a lokacin rani na 1968.

Fordarfin rashin ƙarfin Ford 20M kwata-kwata bai dace da ƙirar NSU ba a cikin tsari da fasaha. Musayar shugabanni ya zama abin birge al'adu. Biedermeier ya maye gurbin vanguard. Frontarshen gaba mai ban tsoro tare da hanci mai girma Knudsen (kamar yadda ake kira shugaban wancan lokacin Ford), kamar Lincoln daga 1963, a cikin kayan itace mai yawa na kayan aikin XL, sarrafawa waɗanda suke da alama sun ɓace a wani wuri a cikin zamanin Art Deco. Amma wakilin kamfanin Ford, wanda kuma tsoffin masu gwajin ba sa son shi a sigar ta RS mai dauke da fadace-fadace saboda "salon kallon wasan kwaikwayo da kayan ado na jabu," yana tausaya wa abokan na kusa. Yana da daɗi, baya nuna kamar yana da mahimmanci kuma yana ƙoƙari ya bayyana ƙirar mai haske kamar yadda ya yiwu.

Ford 20M tare da sha'awar rai

Motar ba abin al'ajabi ba ne na jin daɗin tafiya kuma ba ta kula da hanyar da kyau, amma a baya abokan aikinta sun mutunta halayenta masu kuzari duk da tsayayyen gatari na bayan ganye. A cikin Ford 20M, kuna zaune cikin annashuwa, kuna jin daɗin motsi na bakin ciki, wurin aiki a tsakiya, wanda ke da ƙarin bugun jini na Burtaniya. Har ila yau, injin V6 da ke ƙarƙashin dogon kaho yana rada da kyau da sauti tare da laushin siliki, kuma cikin sauri mai sauri tare da sautin bututu. Kuma wannan shine irin wannan ɗanko wanda ba a taɓa jin shi ba wanda zaku iya shiga cikin kayan aiki na uku. A zahiri, wannan P7 yana da mafi munin jikin tsoffin tsoffin sojoji biyar, amma waɗannan alamun yaƙi ne daga rayuwar shekaru 45.

Ba kamar kamanninsa ba, yana hawan gaske na allahntaka. Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, Ro 80 a cikin wannan jihar ba zai iya kunna wuta kwata-kwata ba. Sai kawai samfurin Ford, duk da shekaru masu yawa a cikin sararin sama, yana nuna sha'awar rayuwa ta kusan wanda ba za a iya kashewa ba. Birki, sitiyari, chassis - komai yana da kyau, babu abin da ya buga, babu wasu sauti da ke lalata yanayi. Motar tana haɓaka 120 km / h ba tare da matsala ba kuma tana da shuru fiye da iska da sauran mahalarta. Ƙananan 108bhp, wanda yake da ƙarancin matsayi na biyar kamar motar kanta, ba abin lura bane kwata-kwata - 20M yana da ƙarfi fiye da samfurin Mercedes, kuma ya fi ƙarfin Opel Commodore, wanda ke cikin Siffar Fastback. Coupe yana ɗaukar nauyin kwalabe na Coca-Cola

Opel Commodore a salon Amurka

Opel na wasa, mai lankwasa hips yana jin kamar ƙaramin sigar "motar man shanu" ta Amurka tare da rufin vinyl, cikakkun tagogin gefen da ba shi da tushe, sitiyarin wasan motsa jiki na aluminium, da watsa T-bar mai ƙarfi. Ya bayyana yana riƙe aƙalla "babban toshe" mai lita 6,6. Babu shakka, a cikin saba 2,5-lita version tare da 120 hp. Commodore yana da sexy isa cewa sunan yayi sauti "mai sanyi".

Idan za mu iya rarraba Mercedes-Silinda shida a matsayin salon jin dadi na wayar hannu, to wannan ya fi dacewa da samfurin Opel. A cikin faffadan kujeru masu fa'ida, inda kuke zaune mai zurfi, matsa lever zuwa matsayi D kuma ku saurari muryar injin silinda shida a gaba, rajistar rajistar ta kusan ba ta bambanta da ta Ford. Kuma wakilin Opel ba zai taba jarabtar ku da ku yi sauri ba; Ya ƙunshi cikakken ra'ayin na yau da kullun na boulevard coupe - tagogi na birgima, gwiwar gwiwar hagu mai fitowa da ƙaramin Miles Davis daga na'urar rikodin tef. "Sketches of Spain" nasa yana haɗuwa da sautin injin silinda shida, abin takaici baƙar fata.

Jagoran canji

A wannan lokacin, an ƙaddara wanda ya ci nasara da maki, kuma wannan shine Mercedes 230. A yau za mu iya watsa wani - kuma biyu na farko a cikin rating sun canza wurare. NSU Ro 80 abin hawa ne wanda, tare da al'ajabinsa-na-duniya, kyakkyawan siffarsa da halayen hanyarsa, yana tada sha'awa sosai. Mercedes mai silinda shida ya ɗauki matsayi na biyu saboda yana nuna rauni a cikin kimanta motsin rai. Amma a cikin nau'i na raɗaɗi a cikin ruwan sama 230 tare da masu aikin tsaftacewa suna tsaftace malam buɗe ido, zai iya lashe zukata.

ƙarshe

Edita Alf Kremers: Tabbas, wanda na zaba shine Ro. Yana da wuya cewa Ro 80 ba shine motar da ta fi sha'awar ba. Siffar da chassis suna gaba da lokacinsu - kuma tuƙi ba lallai ba ne don son kowa. Samfurin Ford yana haifar da motsin rai mai ƙarfi, mun rabu da P7 da daɗewa, kuma yanzu ya sake zuwa gare ni. V6 nasa yana da ban mamaki shuru, jituwa kuma yana da kyau. Yadda za a ce: kada ku damu da wani abu.

Rubutu: Alf Kremers

Hotuna: Rosen Gargolov

"Biyar tare da da'awar" a cikin AMS na 1968

Wannan gwajin kwatankwacin almara na samfura biyar daga manyan aji na sama a cikin mujallar auto motor und sport yana ba da cikakken tsarin kima wanda har yanzu yana aiki. An raba shi zuwa lambobi biyu, wanda babu shakka yana ƙara ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki dangane da fitarwa ta ƙarshe. Wani sabon abu mai rikitarwa kuma mai ɗaukar lokaci kwatanci ya faru a Faransa. Makasudin shine hanyar kewayawa a cikin Le Mans da a yankin Brittany. Sashi na biyu na fitowar 15/1968 mai taken "Hard Nasara" - kuma hakika, tare da maki biyu kawai a gaban NSU Ro 80 na juyin juya hali, Mercedes 230 mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ya dauki matsayi na farko (maki 285). A matsayi na uku sai motar BMW 2000 tilux da maki 276, sai kuma Ford 20M da Opel Commodore GS da maki 20 a bayan BMW. A wannan lokacin, 20M 2600 S tare da 125 hp. da ya fi dacewa fiye da nau'in lita 2,3 kuma ya yanke nisa zuwa BMW.

bayanan fasaha

BMW 2000 tii, E118	Hyundai Santa Fe 20M XL 2300 S, P7B	Mercedes-Benz 230, W 114	NSU Ro 80	Opel Commodore Coupe 2500 S, samfurin A
Volumearar aiki	1990 cc	2293 cc	2292 cc	2 x 497,5 cc	2490 cc
Ikon	130 k.s. (96 kW) a 5800 rpm	108 k.s. (79 kW) a 5100 rpm	120 k.s. (88 kW) a 5400 rpm	115 k.s. (85 kW) a 5500 rpm	120 k.s. (88 kW) a 5500 rpm
Matsakaici karfin juyi	179 Nm a 4500 rpm	182 Nm a 3000 rpm	179 Nm a 3600 rpm	158 Nm a 4000 rpm	172 Nm a 4200 rpm
Hanzarta 0-100 km / h	10,8 s	11,8 s	13,5 s	12,5 s	12,5 s
Nisan birki a gudun 100 km / h	babu bayanai	babu bayanai	babu bayanai	babu bayanai	babu bayanai
Girma mafi girma	185 km / h	175 km / h	175 km / h	180 km / h	175 km / h
Matsakaicin amfani man fetur a cikin gwaji	12,8 l / 100 kilomita	13,5 l / 100 kilomita	13,5 l / 100 kilomita	14 l / 100 kilomita	12,5 l / 100 kilomita
Farashin tushe	Alamomi 13 (000)	Alamu 9645 (1968)	babu bayanai	Alamomi 14 (150)	Alamomi 10 (350)