Gwajin Tuƙi Five Rally Legends: Downhill

Tafiya zuwa VW "Kunkuru", Ford RS200, Opel Commodore, BMW 2002 da Toyota Corolla

Bari mu sake jin busasshen kwalta a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun. Bari mu sake jin ƙanshin mai mai zafi sau ɗaya, bari mu saurari injunan suna aiki sau ɗaya - a cikin jirgin na ƙarshe na kakar tare da manyan dadevils guda biyar. Ba muna nufin direbobi ba.

Hannun ya mik'e tare da yatsan yatsan ya bayyana har yanzu yana nuna amincewa ga nasara kuma cikin taurin kai ana ci gaba da tsinkayarsa a matsayin alamar nasara. Ana amfani da shi ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan wasa, 'yan siyasa masu nasara da taurarin TV waɗanda ba a shirya su ba - duk da cewa ya riga ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Kuma yanzu ya tuka mota, kuma ba lallai ba ne.

Kamar babban babban yatsan hannu, canjin wutar lantarki yana fitowa daga ginshiƙin tuƙi na Toyota Corolla WRC. Carlos Sainz da Didier Auriol suma sun canza gear shida na watsa X Trac tare da gajeriyar fashe hannun dama. Kuma yanzu zan yi. Ina fata. Ana zuwa nan ba da jimawa ba. Kuna hukunta da acoustics, pistons, haɗa sanduna da bawuloli a cikin block da kuma Silinda shugaban wani hudu Silinda engine tare da tilasta cika - ba shakka, a 299 hp, yarda da sa'an nan ka'idoji - matsar gaba daya hargitsi. Na'urar tsere tana yin hayaniya mara ƙarfi, famfo biyu suna kuka suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye matsin lamba a cikin tsarin injin ruwa a matakin kusan mashaya 100. Yaya kuka isa nan? Idan muka waiwayi baya, ba zan iya cewa tabbas ba.

An faka kusa da gasar Corolla akwai wasu jarumai huɗu da suka yi ritaya waɗanda ke son ba da labarinsu na zamani daban-daban. Kuma tun da ko da jinkirin tuki a kan hanyoyin daji na tsakuwa ba a yarda da jama'a ba, hanyoyin jama'a ne kawai suka rage - idan zai yiwu tare da shugabannin tarihin wasan motsa jiki, alal misali, shafin zuwa saman Schauinsland a cikin Black Forest. Anan, daga 1925 zuwa 1984, fiye ko žasa akai-akai, virtuosos na kasa da kasa da ke kan gaba sun yi tsere tare da hanyar kilomita 12 tare da digo a tsaye na mita 780.

Kunkuru tare da zuciyar Porsche

Kusan cike da mamaki, Frank Lentfer ya zagaya VW Turtle wanda ya fafata a Mile Mile. Wannan bai kamata mu ba mu mamaki ba - edita gwajin matukin jirgi ciyarwa free lokacin shafa har zuwa gwiwar hannu a cikin man na sirri mota "Economic Miracle". "Kalli mafarin kawai!" Kuma daidaitacce gaban gatari! "To, zan gan su.

Amma ko da duk kunkuru na VW ba a yaba su da yawa ba, gaskiyar cewa Paul Ernst Strele ya haukaci duk ƙungiyar yayin horo a Mile Mile a 1954. Fiat, a sakamakon abin da aka tilasta ta juyar da shi zuwa samfura don cin nasara a ajin sa, za a tilasta masa kallon wannan motar da idanu daban -daban. Ko da a lokacin, watsawar Porsche 356 tare da kusan 60 hp yana tafasa a cikin ɗakin baya. Koyaya, tare da halartar magajin akida da ke halartar taron na yau, takaddun sun yi rikodin kilowatts 51, wato 70 hp, wasu daga cikinsu injinan silinda huɗu sun riga sun ɗauka daga ɗakunan konewa tare da bugun dambe. An yi amfani da wuraren da ake kira kujeru a cikin Porsche 550 Spyder kuma sun ƙunshi jikin aluminium da aka rufe da kayan kwalliya.

Babu wani abu da za a ce game da kasancewa na motorsport - sitiyarin har yanzu bakin ciki ne kuma, kamar yadda yake a baya, babu firam ɗin rollover. Hakanan babu bel na tsere akan kwafin kamar yadda tarihi ya kasance ba abin dogaro ba. Don haka, ya dogara da bel ɗin cinya na al'ada don aminci mai wucewa, da ƙwarewar direba don aminci mai aiki. Ya kamata ya san cewa daidaiton watsawa da tuƙi kusan daidai yake da na hasashen yanayi na shekaru uku. A ce wannan ba ya ji daɗi sosai, amma, na farko, gaskiya ne, na biyu kuma, rabin kawai. Domin lokacin da Volkswagen mai wasan motsa jiki ya ƙaddamar da muryarsa mai banƙyama, yanayin ya tashi da sauri a ƙarƙashin samansa mai laushi - watakila saboda alkaluman wutar lantarki na VW tabbas ƙarya ce.

"Kunkuru" ya shiga cikin harin tare da zurfin tunani mai zurfi, kamar dai ya sake haifar da amincewa a cikin al'ummar da ke fama da mummunan yaki, kuma yana so ya tabbatar da cewa 160 kuma watakila karin kilomita a cikin sa'a ba abu ne mai wuyar gaske ba. Abokin aikin sa Jorn Thomas yana zaune kusa da direban, kuma bayyanarsa ba yana nufin yana son dandana shi ba - kuma a gaskiya, ba ni. Ya isa mutum ya duba matsakaicin matsawar injin mai lita 1,5 kuma ya amsa kiran ta hanyar shigar da kayan aiki daidai da gano madaidaicin wurin tsayawa. Yawan walƙiya samfurin VW tare da fitilun wuta shida, ana ɗaukarsa a kusa da sasanninta inda direban ke rasa goyon baya, ya fi sauƙi fiye da ingantaccen chassis na Porsche.

Commodore Kira

Jorn kuma yana mamakin ikon "kunkuru", amma yana nuna cewa "yana auna kilo 730 kawai". Wannan ya ja shi zuwa Opel Commodore. Wannan abu ne mai fahimta kuma mai iya tsinkaya. A fahimta, saboda juyin mulkin ya fallasa ra'ayin ƙarya cewa motoci masu kyau dole ne su fito daga Italiya (ko aƙalla ba daga Jamus ba). Kuma wannan abu ne mai yiwuwa, saboda Jorn yana da suna a ɗakin labarai a matsayin babban mai goyon bayan Opel.

In ba haka ba, ba ya son tsofaffin motoci, amma ya ce zai sayi mota mai lamba GG-CO 72 ba tare da wata shakka ba. "Mene ne zane, menene sauti, wane kayan aiki - babban aiki," in ji Jorn yayin da yake daidaita kayan aikin sa na maki hudu. Ya rage kawai don ɗaga babban yatsan yatsa mai nasara. Tabbas, a cikin 1973, Walter Röhl ya tuka Commodore B ta kusurwoyi marasa adadi na Monte Carlo Rally kuma ya kammala kilomita goma sha biyu daga wasan karshe kuma ya sanya 18th gabaɗaya saboda raunin dakatarwa. Na'urar allurar mai lita 2,8 ta riga tana aiki a ƙarƙashin doguwar kaho, kuma kwafin mu, wanda ya sake yin samfurin 1972, yana da naúrar saman-layi. Ya maye gurbin carburetors masu canzawa na Zenith guda biyu tare da rukunin motoci na Opel na gargajiya tare da raka'a tagwayen ganga na Weber, suna tsallen fitowar injin lita 2,5 daga 130 zuwa 157 hp. tare da., kusan zuwa matakin injin allura. Duk da ƙaƙƙarfan bayyanarsa tare da jujjuyawar kariya, kujerun tsere, latches na gaba da baturi na ƙarin fitilu, 9: 1 matsawa rabo na layi-shida yana ba da ma'anar halinsa.

A cikin Commodore, direban yana jin ƙarar sauti maimakon jujjuyawar jiki, kuma babban buri ne ke motsa shi don canza wannan rabo. A aikace, wannan yana nufin sassauƙan motsin kaya, yana hana matsa lamba akan injin yayin ƙara danna fedal ɗin totur. Gears na uku da na huɗu ba su da wuri - ɗaya sau da yawa yana jin gajere, ɗayan koyaushe tsayi. Kuma me? Akwai lokacin da Commodore ya sarrafa don sake horar da ku isashen don ba ku kwanciyar hankali - yana mai da hankali kan jin daɗin dakatarwar gaba tare da makaman roka da tsayayyen gatari na baya tare da tirela.

Wannan Opel ya faro ne zuwa zamanin da ba'a buƙatar motocin alama suyi rayuwa ba, saboda kawai hanyar rayuwa ce. Matsayin da ke bayan babbar sitiyarin motsa jiki ba shi da tashin hankali, hannu yana kan nutsuwa a kan doron dokin gwiwar hannu tare da lanƙwasa a cikin sandar. A buɗaɗɗen buɗe wuta, injin CIH (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samfurin Opel tare da camshaft na sama) yana aiki kamar giwa ba tare da wani takunkumi ba, kuma haɓakar da kanta tana da amfani ƙwarai saboda in ba haka ba carburetor wani lokaci yakan shaƙe. Tare da tuƙin ZF, wanda ke da nauyin sabis na 16: 1, dole ne a sanar da duk wani canji a cikin ƙafafun ƙafafun inci 14 a gaba don haka babban kujera mai tsawon mita 4,61 zai iya isa ga inda yake.

Haɗe tare da BMW

Bayan haka, Commodore ya fi kamar madara mai zafi tare da zuma, amma yana aiki a cikin gilashin ja mai haske. Kuma idan kun fi son hadaddiyar giyar vodka da Red Bull, akwai sigar BMW 2002 ti rally. A cikin samfurin kujeru biyu tare da faffadan fenders, Achim Wormbold da abokin aikinsu John Davenport sun ƙare kakar wasa ta 72 da nasara a Rally Portugal. A yau, injin mota da injiniyan gwajin wasanni Otto Rupp ya yi kama da ya zama kujerar Rauno Altonen na 1969. Kuma ba don yana da faɗi da yawa gare ta ba. "Ba shi da mahimmanci wane zamanin BMW ya fito - jituwa tsakanin chassis, watsawa da birki koyaushe yana kusa da kamala," in ji Rupp.

Don haka mafi kyau - tayoyin wasanni tare da ramukan tattake ba sa son yin zafi akai-akai akan hanyoyin da aka rufe da sanyin farko. Sau da yawa, ɓangaren baya yana hidima, wanda na'urar ke aiki tare da ikon kusan 190 hp. yayi rajistar sha'awar matukin jirgi don haɓakawa. Idan muka kira engine canza wani overhaul, shi zai zama rashin dacewa rashin fahimta - shi ne mafi alhẽri magana game da wani gaba daya sabon zane. Domin a baya, Alpina ya sake daidaita crankshaft, ya haskaka sanduna masu haɗawa, ƙara yawan matsawa, ƙara diamita na bawuloli kuma shigar da camshaft tare da kusurwar budewa na digiri 300 - kuma duk wannan, kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, tare da sauran. . Ko da a 3000 rpm, injin mai silinda huɗu ya fara rawar jiki da rawar jiki kamar chainsaw mai ɗabi'a, kuma a 6000 rpm yana kama da duk ma'aikatan katako suna da hannu.

A wannan gaba, direban ya riga ya manta cewa kayan aikin farko sun koma hagu da gaba, kamar yadda ya kamata a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen wasanni na gaske. A wancan lokacin, ma’anar “wasanni” ita ma tana nuni ne ga yin aiki mai ƙarfi, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarfi sosai don samun hanyar da ake so. Shi kuma tafiyarsa fa? A takaice, kamar kalmar kanta. Abokin aikin Rupp yayi daidai cewa wannan BMW ya dace sosai. Tare da yanayin zafi na kwalta, taya da injin yana ƙara ƙarfin hali don matsar da wuraren tsayawa da tuƙi kusa da sasanninta. Fedals ɗin suna dacewa a tsaye a tsaye kuma suna ba da izinin volleys na iskar gas mai tsaka-tsaki, wanda bishiyoyin da ke kewaye suka rasa wasu alluransu.

Tare da ɗan karkata gefe, BMW mai wasan motsa jiki na fitowa daga kusurwa, da farko tare da baturi na fitilolin mota, sannan tare da sauran jikin mai tsayin mita 4,23. Chassis, wanda aka sanye da dakatarwa mai zaman kanta daga masana'anta, ba ya buƙatar wasu manyan gyare-gyaren injin. An yi komai da ɗan ƙarami, ya fi juriya ga nakasu, ya fi faɗi - kuma kun gama. A sakamakon haka, lamba tare da hanya ya zama mafi tsanani, da kuma rashin ikon tuƙi da kuma - wani sau da yawa saba saba amfani da mazan motoci - bakin ciki rufin ginshikan kuma taimaka a cikin sauri da kuma m antics tare da wani classic BMW.

Daga haske - a cikin duhu na Ford

Duk da haka, babu irin wannan akwatin kifaye a cikin Ford RS200. A gaskiya ma, babu wani abin kallo a nan, ko da yake rata a cikin reshe na baya yana nuna wani ƙoƙari daga bangaren injiniyoyi. Amma jira, mun rigaya a farkon shekarun tamanin - lokacin rukunin B mai ban tsoro. A wancan lokacin, matukan jirgi ya kamata su yi farin ciki idan har ma suna iya duba gaba ta hanyar cikakken gilashin iska (a cikin RS200 ya fito ne daga samfurin Saliyo) - wannan shine yadda masana'antun digiri suka haɓaka kayan aikin su na wasanni don cimma mafi ƙarancin nauyi kuma a lokaci guda mafi girman iko.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙa'idar watsawa mai jujjuyawa wanda babban injiniyan sashen wasanni na Ford ya ƙirƙira ya haifar da ƙarin fam, tunda ana buƙatar tutoci biyu. Ɗayan yana kaiwa daga injin da ke tsakiya zuwa watsawa kusa da gatari na gaba, ɗayan kuma yana kaiwa zuwa ga ƙafafun baya. Me yasa duk wannan? Kusan cikakkiyar ma'aunin nauyi. Sabanin haka, rarraba juzu'i a cikin tsarin watsa dual tare da bambance-bambancen da aka kunna kama guda uku yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi akan axle na baya: 63 zuwa 47 bisa dari. A cikin wannan taƙaitaccen bayanin farko, wurin da hanyar wutar lantarki ke da alama kaɗan ne, amma a cikin ciki yana da yawa sosai. Dole ne ƙafafuna su danna ƙafa uku a cikin rijiyar da za su sa gutter ya zama fili idan aka kwatanta da me zan yi idan ina sanye da takalma 46 mai lamba XNUMX? Kuma ba kowace rana ƙafarka na hagu ke faɗowa akan irin wannan haɗin yumbu-karfe wanda ke buƙatar preheating kowane tsoka.

A hankali, Na sami nasarar farawa abar misali, kuma da ƙarar rabin kara na hanci na injin da ake sarrafa kayan da aka canza ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, turbomachine mai hawa huɗu tana tuka motar motsa jiki. Garrett turbocharger ya matse 1,8bhp daga cikin na’urar lita 250, amma kafin wannan karfin ma a bayyane yake, injin mai bawul hudu zai fara fita daga cikin zurfin turbo bore. A ƙasa da 4000 rpm, allurar matse turbocharger ta ɗan sauƙaƙe kaɗan kuma ta kusanci ƙimar kusan sandar 0,75 da ke sama da wannan iyaka. Matsakaicin karfin karfin 280 Nm ya kai arba'in da biyar na maraice, sannan kuma lokaci ya yi da za a kama sitirin motar da Escort XR4500i ke yi. Sabis na kayan aiki? Maganar banza. A wannan yanayin, mafi dacewa, motar tana sarrafawa ta hanyar haɓakar hanzari, wanda, duk da haka, a kan kwalta mai bushewa yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin saurin da ke nuna cikakken 'yanci kyauta ga ƙa'idodin hanya.

Baya daga cikin kamawa da matattara mai hawa biyar, har ila yau, da toned mai gudu, saboda ɗan gajeren zangon Sierra yana motsawa ta hanyar grooves kamar ƙwayoyin ƙarfe ta bushe, ba shakka. Duk da haka, ba ya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo - alal misali, kawai ku fita daga cikin kwari na Stuttgart ku hau gangaren kudanci na Black Forest - kuma RS200 za ta fada a kan zuciyar ku, kafafu da makamai. Ko da lokacin tuƙi ta cikin garuruwan da gidajen abinci ke ba da naman abinci kuma an iyakance saurin gudu zuwa 30 km / h, samfurin Ford yana ɗaukar abubuwa ba tare da gunaguni ba. Ashe ba haka yake kokarin mantawa da mummunar rawar da ya taka a rukunin B ba? A 1986, babban yatsa ya fadi kuma jerin ya mutu. A shekara ta 1988, Ford yana sayar da wasu RS200 a matsayin sigar hanya don alamomi 140.

A halin yanzu, a kan waƙoƙin taron duniya, Rukunin A ya riga yana ƙoƙari don ci gaba da sha'awar Gasar Duniya; a 1997, WRC ta bayyana, kuma tare da ita Toyota Corolla. Injin sa na turbo mai lita biyu an aro shi ne daga Celica, kuma an canza wasu detailsan bayanai kaɗan. Misali, matattara mai sanyaya iska tare da ƙarin ruwan sha yana motsawa saman injin kai tsaye zuwa hanyar iska ta bayan ƙyallen radiator. Saboda wannan, dole ne a rage zafin zafin iskar da kashi goma. Koyaya, tarihi baiyi magana game da matsalar zafin jiki a zukatan Carlos Sainz da Luis Moya ba, lokacinda suka halarci gangamin "Britannia" a 1998, wannan rukunin ya rufe mitoci 500 kafin layin gamawa kuma ya ƙi yin aiki kuma, ya hana taken. Fushin fushin da nayi a kaina ya tuna har yau.

Tsananin amo a cikin Toyota WRC

Koyaya, taken magina ya ci nasara a kakar wasa ta gaba - kafin Toyota ta mayar da hankali kan F1 shekara guda kafin shirin. Wataƙila Jafananci ya buƙaci...? Ya kamata ku sami, kuna iya - ba kome a yau. Jochen Ubler, babban ma'aikacin gwajin mu wanda ke da gogewa a wasannin motsa jiki, zai kasance na farko da ya fara kuskura ya bi hanyarsa ta cikin daji tare da kananan maɓalli a cikin wannan motar ta wata hanya. Gaskiya ne, baya bin ƙwanƙwasa na Iberian Mo ("mas! Mas! Mas!"), amma ba tare da tsoro ba ya gangara kan gangara zuwa ga hazo mai rarrafe. Sautin bututun Bravura ya ɓace a wani wuri a cikin dajin, kuma bayan ƴan mintoci kaɗan sai busar zazzaɓi na bawul ɗin da ke damun bututun ya sanar da dawowar - kuma duka motar da matukin jirgin sun riga sun ɗumama - kowannensu daban. "Hayaniyar da ke can tana da muni - kamar yadda ake yin hanzari. A lokaci guda, yana haɓaka kullum daga 3500-6500 rpm, "in ji Jochen kuma, ya burge sosai, ya ɗauki mataki mai tsauri zuwa 2002.

Yanzu nine. Na danna kan kama (kayan haɗin carbon mai diski uku mara izgili), saki shi a hankali kuma fara jan, amma a ƙalla barin motar ta rufe. Ina watsi da duk sarrafawa da sauyawa waɗanda aka warwatse a cikin dashboard kamar daga fashewa. Daban-daban daban-daban na sauye-sauyen ƙarfin jirgi daban-daban daban? Wataƙila a cikin rayuwar gaba.

Jochen gaskiya ne, ba shakka. Yanzu, tare da allurar tachometer mai walƙiya 3500, Toyota mai nauyin ton 1,2 da alama ta fashe tare da fasa ƙafafunta a cikin kwalta. A fusace na dunguma a kan lever mai motsi, kuma akwai hayaniya mai tsauri da ke nuni da cewa ana aiki na gaba. Kuma dole in tafi kai tsaye zuwa saman. Me game da birki? Kamar kama ba tare da wani abin dariya ba, har yanzu ba su kai ga zafin aiki ba, don haka suna mamakin kusan babu wani aiki. Dole ne ku gwada wasu ƴan lokuta. A lokaci guda, ba da wani volley daga gearbox, da sauri sake latsa gas - dual gear zai ko ta yaya aiki. Ƙarshen baya ya ɗan girgiza, kunnuwana sun yi rawar jiki, suna rera waƙa da bambance-bambance, injin yana kururuwa - yanzu ba na buƙatar ɗaukar hankali. Don tunani: har yanzu muna cikin yankin saurin da ka'idoji suka yarda. Ta yaya wannan jahannama za ta yi sauti da sauri idan kun ji bugu na tsakuwa a kan zanen fuka-fuki marasa tushe?

Na fara tausayawa Sarauniya. Babu wata motar da ke cikin quintet da aka tilasta ta nuna irin wannan natsuwa, ƙwanƙwasa da ƙura - ba har ma da Ford mai fushi ba. Dukkan mahalarta biyar na tafiya sun yi fakin fiye da yadda aka saba - sa'a a gare mu, in ba haka ba a nan dole ne mu yi magana game da tsarin taimakon direba, tsarin bayanai da amfani da mai. Madadin haka, a cikin farin ciki na ba da mahimmanci ga ƙwarewar tuƙi mara aibi, muna sanya yatsun mu sama. Kawai a ciki, ba shakka, saboda banality na karimcin.

Rubutu: Jens Drale

Hotuna: Hans-Dieter Zeifert