Piston ring: nau'ikan, ayyuka, matsalolin al'ada

Babu shakka duk injunan konewa na ciki suna aiki ne saboda motsin pistons, wanda makamashin thermal ya shafa, kuma a ƙarshe muna samun makamashin injina. Piston zobba wani muhimmin kashi ne a cikin rukunin Silinda-piston, yanayin wanda ke ƙayyade aikin barga na injin konewa na ciki, yawan amfani da mai, kiyaye matakin mai, da sauransu. Na gaba, za mu yi la'akari da dalilin da ya sa ake buƙatar zoben piston, iri da kuma matsalolin da ke tasowa tare da su yayin aiki.

Menene zobba na fistan

Zobban Piston sassa ne da aka ɗora akan pistons, yawanci ana amfani da zoben matsewa biyu da zoben man shafawa ɗaya. An yi siffar zoben a cikin sigar da'ira, kuma ana amfani da yanke don hawa kan fistan, wanda ke raguwa lokacin da aka sanya piston ɗin a cikin silinda. Idan ba a sanya piston din injin da zobba ba, to injin ɗin kawai ba zai yi aiki ba saboda rashin matsi, haka kuma saboda cika silinda da mai da saurin ɓarnar da yake yi.

Babban manufar zoben fistan shine don samar da matsi na yau da kullun a cikin Silinda ta hanyar danna bangon Silinda da ƙarfi, da kuma hana mai daga ƙonewa, ba da damar magudanar ruwa a cikin sump. babu lalacewa na rukunin Silinda-piston.

Nau'in zoben fistan

A yau akwai nau'ikan zobba iri biyu da aka ɗora a kan fistan:

• matsawa;
• man shafawa.

 A yau, ana yin zoben piston daga baƙin ƙarfe, kuma molybdenum, wanda ke da matsanancin matsin lamba, an ƙara shi don aminci da tsawanta rayuwar sabis. Ana samar da zobe na Chrome kadan, suna da dan rahusa, amma kuma suna da kaddarorin kwace-iko, duk da cewa basu da banbanci a rayuwa mai tsawo. Bari muyi la'akari da kowane zoben.

Matsawa tayi

An sanya zoben matsewa sama da mai goge man, a cikin adadin guda biyu. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa wannan ba kawai zoben ƙarfe bane wanda aka tsara don rufe ɗakin konewa, tunda zoben matsawa yana da hannu a cikin sauyawar zafi tsakanin piston da layin, kuma har ila yau yana ɗaukar girgizar fistan saboda tursasawa gefe. 

Ringarfin matsewa na sama na iya zama iri uku:

• tare da shinge mai siffar L a yankin makullin;
• tare da yanki mai faɗi;
• karkatacciyar sashe - duka ƙarshen zoben suna karkatar da su, suna taɓa fitowar ɗaya kawai tare da juna.

Samfura tare da fitowar L mai kama da L na iya canza ikon yin hatimi dangane da yanayin aikin motar: lokacin da matsa lamba na gas, ƙarfin ƙarfin zobe yana ƙaruwa kuma yana “kewaye” silinda sosai, kuma idan matsin ya sauka, karfi yana raguwa, da kuma gogayya tsakanin silinda, bi da bi. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar samar da matsi da ake buƙata a lokacin da ya dace, kuma a cikin hanyoyin ci da shaye-shaye, rage rikice-rikice da haɓaka albarkatun CPG.

Zobe na matsi na biyu na sifa ne na yau da kullun, kawai yana haɓaka na sama ta ƙari yana samar da matsi, kariya daga fashewa da hana mai shiga cikin silinda saboda juya baya.

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan zobban ana sanya su ne da ƙyashi don a sami damar fitar da mai mai kyau daga bangon layin, kuma a cikin injinan zamani, ana yin zobe gaba ɗaya ba tare da tazara ba.

Mai yankan man

Ana shigar da zoben goge mai a ƙarƙashin zoben matsawa. Ma'anar zobe yana cikin sunansa - don cire wuce haddi daga ganuwar silinda. Da zarar zobe ya wuce saman, ya bar fim, da yawa microns lokacin farin ciki, wanda ya zama dole don tsawaita rayuwar CPG da kula da yanayin zafi a cikin haƙuri. Don cire man fetur, ana yin zobba a cikin nau'i na radial ko axial expanders. Wasu masu kera motoci suna sanya zoben goge mai guda biyu.

Ayyukan zobe na fistan

Dangane da abin da ke sama, ana iya yanke shawara mai zuwa:

• matsawa Properties. Cikakken keɓewa na ɗakin konewa, yana tabbatar da matsin lamba da ake buƙata a cikin silinda, saboda abin da aka samu ci gaba mai ƙarfi da amfani da mai mai kyau;
• ajiye man injin. Godiya ga zobe mai dakon mai, ana samarda fim mai inganci a saman silinda, mai mai yawa baya konewa, amma ya shiga cikin matattarar ta zoben;
• musayar zafi Piston ringi yana cire zafi daga cikin piston ta hanyar canza shi zuwa cikin silinda, wanda yake sanyaya saboda hulɗar waje da mai sanyaya;

rashi na rashin nutsuwa a kwance. Saboda tsananin yanayin zoben, fiska a fili tana motsawa sama da kasa.

Menene me zoben fistan?

A zamanin yau, ana amfani da baƙin ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe a matsayin kayan aiki. Tunda injina na zamani sun zama ƙarami kuma sun fi ƙarfi, bi da bi, lodi a kansu ya ninka sau da yawa, akwai buƙatar amfani da sabbin abubuwa. Jagoran kayan shine molybdenum, wanda ke rarrabe da kayan antifriction da haɓaka rayuwar sabis. A hanyar, ana sarrafa rigunan piston tare da irin wannan abun.

Hankula ayyukan piston na zobe

A lokacin aikin injin konewa na ciki, pistons da zobe a hankali suna lalacewa, bayan haka sun zama marasa amfani. Babban rashin aiki shine karuwar tazarar da ke tsakanin zobe da silinda, wanda ke haifar da matsala wajen fara injin, yawan amfani da man fetur, karfin wutar lantarki ya ragu sosai, da wuce gona da iri a cikin tarin mai. 

Sau da yawa, direbobi suna fuskantar irin wannan sakamako kamar faruwar zobba. An bayyana aikin ta dalilin cewa yawan zafin jiki na injiniya ko ajiyar mai, zobban sun rasa zafinsu, wanda ke nufin cewa duk kaddarorin zoben sun yi asara.

Duk da cewa a mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya gyara abin da ya faru na zobba ta hanyar amfani da sarrafawar injin, don hana wannan aikin, yi amfani da dokoki masu zuwa:

• yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da motar sau da yawa yadda ya kamata, kuma kada ku manta da ƙa'idojin dumama injin;
• yi amfani da mai mai inganci kawai tare da juriya, bisa ga rarrabuwa ga wani injin (musamman idan injin dizal ne tare da matattarar abubuwa da allurar naúrar);
• kar a yarda injin ya zafafa, saboda sakamakon wannan suna da tsada sosai, a kalla a canza mai da mai sanyaya, tare da maye gurbin gashin gas na silinda tare da nika jirgin saman kai.

Kar ka manta cewa ingancin zoben kuma yana shafar ba kawai albarkatun ba, har ma da juriya ga yanayin zafi mai nauyi da lodi.

Sakamakon sakawar zobe na piston

Sakamakon sakawar zobe na piston galibi yana kama da sauran lalacewar aiki, sabili da haka, ya kamata a yi cikakken ganewar asali ta hanyar auna matsawa da kuma duba yoyon iska a cikin silinda. 

A cikin dalla-dalla game da sakamakon:

• wahalar sanyi fara. Lokacin da injin din bai dumama ba, sai karin rata ya shiga tsakanin piston da silinda kuma yana raguwa ne kawai saboda zafin jiki, bi da bi, fadada sassan sassan. Rigar farko na zobban tana bayyana kanta ne kawai akan injin da ba shi da zafi, bayan haka injin din yana tsayawa tsayayye. Zaka iya lura da sakamako saboda hayaƙin haya mai saurin rago;
• ƙara yawan amfani da man fetur tare da rage ƙarfin wuta. Ƙarƙashin ƙãra yana nufin asarar kayan haɓakawa, wanda ke nufin ƙananan matsa lamba - ƙananan inganci, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin man fetur don cimma;
• mota uku. Compananan matsi dole ne ya kasance tare da sau uku, kuma wannan ba rashin jin daɗi ne kawai ga direba da fasinjoji ba, har ma da saurin sa kayan hawa na injina da sauran haɗe-haɗe.

Kuna iya duba yanayin zoben ta hanyar sanya hannun ku zuwa bututun shaye-shaye ko takarda mai tsabta, kuma idan kun sami tabo mai, zai iya yiwuwa matsalar ta kasance a cikin zoben.

Zaɓi da maye gurbin zobban fistan

Lura cewa yana da matukar kwarin gwiwa canza zobban fistan daban da piston don dalilai masu zuwa:

• yayin aiki, silinda yakan fita ba daidai ba, kuma ya zama mai jan wuta;
• piston kuma na iya nakasawa, musamman idan yayi zafi sosai. Gilashin ringin piston na iya yin girma, ta yadda ba zai yiwu a girka sabbin zobba ba;
• dole ne a ba da bulo na silinda don dubawa, inda bayan hakan zai kasance a fili ko silinda din yana cikin juriya ne, ko ya zama dole a yi amfani da sabon hon ko kuma ana bukatar m zuwa gyara girman.

Menene ma'auni don zabar zoben piston? Idan kasafin kuɗin ku bai ba da izinin babban haɓakawa zuwa matsakaicin ba, to, zaku iya shigar da pistons na kasafin kuɗi, amma koyaushe zobba masu inganci - shawarwarin ƙwararrun masu tunani. Dangane da abubuwan zaɓi:

• farashin. Mafi rahusa zoben, ƙananan ingancin su ne, kuma babu wata hanya. Ana yin zobe masu arha daga ƙananan ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare, wanda, riga a lokacin shigarwa, zai iya bayyana kansa a cikin nau'i na zobe;
• masana'anta Ina ba da shawarar sosai da kula da masana'antun irin su Mahle, Kolbenschmidt, waɗannan kamfanoni ne masu inganci. Idan kana son adana kuɗi ba tare da asarar inganci ba, to kalli irin masana'antar kamar Goetze, Nural, NPR;
• bayyanar marufi da zobba kansu. Kula sosai yadda aka kunshi zobban, ingancin marufin, ko akwai hologram, umarnin shigarwa, da yadda ake yin zobban da kansu.

Yadda ake maye gurbin zoben fistan

Hanyar maye gurbin zobe ba ta bambanta da tsarin gyaran fuska ba. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa a cikin motoci na zamani, hanyar "jefa zoben" ba zai ƙare da kyau ba. Kuna buƙatar ba da shingen silinda don magance matsala, kuma idan haka ya faru cewa zoben suna buƙatar maye gurbinsu a farkon gudu, yayin da pistons da liners suna cikin haƙuri, za ku iya maye gurbin zoben daban.

A wasu halaye, ya zama dole a sake yin kwaskwarima ta wannan hanyar:

• warwatse injin, lalata toshe, kuma ba shugaban silinda don gwajin matsi;
• bayan karɓar bayanai kan yanayin kwalliyar, sayan ƙungiyar ƙungiyar piston ko ringi daban;
• tara injin ɗin kuma, gwargwadon nau'in zobba, gudanar da injin ƙone ciki na wasu nisan kilomita.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene zoben goge mai? Za su iya zama m ko hade. Ƙarfin simintin gyare-gyare yanzu ba a cika samun kowa ba. Abubuwan da aka haɗa sun ƙunshi zobba na bakin ciki 2 tare da faɗaɗa radial axial.

Wadanne zobe ne a kan fistan? Ana sanya zoben damtse, juzu'in mai (sihiri na sama da ƙasa) akan fistan. Hakanan an sanya na'urar fadada zobe na axial da radial akansa (idan an yi amfani da zoben tsaga).

Menene zoben matsawa don? Suna ba da haɗin kai tsakanin fistan da ganuwar Silinda. Tare da taimakonsa, ana ajiye VTS a cikin yanayin da aka matsa a cikin ɗakin konewa. Yawancin lokaci akwai irin waɗannan zoben guda biyu.

Yaushe kuke buƙatar canza zobba a cikin injin? Lokacin da aka sanya zoben, iskar gas na fitowa daga silinda zuwa cikin akwati. Injin ya fara cinye mai da yawa (hayaki mai shuɗi daga bututun shaye-shaye), ƙarfin injin ya ragu sosai.