Bayani da yanayin gwajin haɗarin mota

Tsaro ɗayan mahimman sigogi ne waɗanda masu siye suke bincika lokacin zaɓar mota. Don kimanta duk haɗari da amincin abin hawa, ana amfani da kimomi na abin da ake kira gwajin haɗari. Gwajin ana yin shi ne daga masana'antun biyu da ƙwararru masu zaman kansu, wanda ke ba da damar ƙididdigar ƙimar motar. Amma kafin amfani da bayanin, yana da kyau a fahimci menene gwaje-gwajen hatsari, wanda ke gudanar da su, yadda ake tantance sakamakon da sauran abubuwan aikin.

Menene gwajin hadarin mota

Gwajin Crash shine kirkirar yanayin gaggawa da haɗuwa da nau'ikan digiri daban-daban na haɗari (mawuyacin hali). Hanyar tana ba da damar tantance lafiyar tsarin abin hawa, gano lahani da ke bayyane da haɓaka ingancin tsarin kariya ta yadda za a rage haɗarin rauni ga fasinjoji da direbobi a cikin haɗari. Babban nau'ikan nau'ikan gwajin haɗari (nau'ikan tasirin):

1. Haɗuwa gaba-gaba - mota mai saurin 55 km / h tana shiga cikin cikas na ƙwanƙolin mita 1,5 kuma tana da nauyin tan 1,5. Wannan yana baka damar tantance sakamakon karo da zirga-zirga masu zuwa, ganuwar ko sanduna.
2. Rushewar gefe - Bincike ne na sakamakon babbar mota ko haɗarin SUV a cikin tasirin gefen. Mota da cikas mai nauyin tan 1,5 ana hanzarta zuwa gudun kilomita 65 / h, bayan haka ta faɗi a gefen dama ko hagu.
3. Karo na baya - cikas mai nauyin tan 35 ya auka kan motar a gudun 0,95 km / h.
4. Haɗuwa da mai tafiya - mota ta fallasa ɗan mutum a gudu na 20, 30 da 40 km / h.

Testsarin gwaje-gwajen da ake yi akan abin hawa kuma mafi kyawun sakamakon, mafi aminci shine amfani da abin hawa a cikin ainihin yanayi. Yanayin gwaji ya bambanta dangane da ƙungiyar da ke gudanar da su.

Wanene ke yin gwajin haɗari

Masu kera motoci da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suna yin gwajin haɗari. Abu na farko shine gano raunin tsarin da lahani na na'ura domin gyara matsalolin kafin fara samar da kayan masarufi. Hakanan, irin wannan kimantawa yana ba mu damar nuna wa masu amfani cewa motar amintacciya ce kuma tana da ƙarfin jure manyan kaya da kuma yanayin da ba a zata.

Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suna gudanar da binciken lafiyar abin hawa don sanar da mutane. Tunda mai ƙira yana sha'awar yawan tallace-tallace, yana iya ɓoye sakamakon gwajin haɗari mara kyau ko kawai magana game da sigogin da ake buƙata. Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na iya ba da kimanta abin hawa na gaskiya.

Ana amfani da bayanan gwajin Crash don tattara ƙimar lafiyar abin hawa. Bugu da kari, hukumomin kula da harkokin jihohi suna yin la'akari da su yayin ba da shaidar abin hawa da shigar da shi sayarwa a kasar.

Bayanin da aka samo yana ba da damar cikakken bincike game da lafiyar wani abin hawa. A cikin motar, ana sanya mannequins na musamman waɗanda suke kwaikwayon direba da fasinjoji. Ana amfani dasu don tantance tsananin lalacewa da matakin lalacewar lafiyar ɗan adam a cikin haɗuwa.

Valungiyoyin Autimar Motocin Kasa da Kasa

Daya daga cikin shahararrun kungiyoyi shine Yuro NCAP - kwamitin Turai don kimanta sabbin motoci, gami da matakan wuce gona da iri, wanda ke aiki tun 1997 a cikin ƙasashen EU. Kamfanin yana nazarin bayanai kamar kare direbobi, fasinjoji manya da yara, da masu tafiya a ƙafa. Euro NCAP na buga tsarin kimanta mota kowace shekara tare da kimar tauraro biyar.

Wani nau'in sigar kamfanin Turai ya fito a Amurka daga Hukumar Kula da Hadin Kan Hanya ta Kasa ta Amurka a cikin 2007 a ƙarƙashin sunan US'n'CUP... An kirkireshi ne don tantance amincin mota da kwarin gwiwa kan amincin direba da fasinjoji. Amurkawa sun daina dogaro da gwaje-gwajen gargajiya na gaba da na tasirin tasiri. Ba kamar EuroNCAP ba, ƙungiyar US'n'CUP ta gabatar da tsarin kimanta maki 13 da shirya gwaje-gwaje a cikin sigar nuna zane.

A Rasha, ana aiwatar da wannan aikin ta Farashin ARCAP - ƙimar farko ta zaman kanta ta Rasha game da amincin abin hawa mai wucewa. China tana da kungiya - C-NCAP.

Yadda ake tantance sakamakon gwajin hadari

Don kimanta sakamakon rikice-rikice, ana amfani da dumm dum na musamman waɗanda ke kwaikwayon girman mutum matsakaici. Don ƙarin daidaito, ana amfani da ɓoyayyun dunƙulai, gami da wurin direba, wurin zama na fasinja da na fasinja na baya. Dukkanin batutuwa suna ɗaure da bel, bayan haka ana yin kwatancen haɗari.

Tare da taimakon na'urori na musamman, ana auna ƙarfin tasirin kuma ana hango sakamakon da ke tattare da haɗari. Dangane da yiwuwar rauni, motar tana karɓar darajar tauraruwa. Mafi girman damar rauni ko mummunan sakamako na lafiyar, ƙananan ci gaba. Cikakken aminci da amincin inji ya dogara da sigogi kamar:

• kasancewar bel, wurin yin jinkiri, masu iyakance ƙarfi;
• kasancewar jakunkuna na fasinjoji, direba, da ma gefe;
• matsakaicin nauyi na kai, lankwasa lokacin wuya, matse kirji, da sauransu.

Bugu da ƙari, nakasar jiki da yiwuwar fitarwa daga motar a cikin yanayin gaggawa (buɗe ƙofa).

Yanayin gwaji da dokoki

Ana yin duk gwajin abin hawa daidai da mizani. Dokokin gwaji da yanayin kimantawa na iya bambanta dangane da dokokin gida. Misali, ka yi la’akari Dokokin EuroNCAP na Turai:

• tasirin gaba - 40% zoba, lalataccen shingen zuma na almara, saurin 64 km / h;
• tasirin gefe - saurin 50 km / h, shingen nakasa;
• tasirin gefe a kan sanda - saurin 29 km / h, kimantawar kariya ga dukkan sassan jiki.

A cikin rikice-rikice, akwai irin wannan abu kamar zoba... Wannan manuniya ce wacce ke nuna yawan yankin karo da mota tare da matsala. Misali, lokacin da rabin gaba yana buga bango na kankare, abin da aka rufa ya zama 50%.

Gwajin dummies

Ci gaban ɗumbin gwaji babban aiki ne kamar yadda sakamakon kimantawa mai zaman kansa ya dogara da shi. Ana samar da su gwargwadon matsayin duniya kuma an sanye su da na'urori masu auna sigina kamar:

• shugaban hanzari;
• firikwensin karfin mahaifa;
• gwiwa;
• thoracic da ƙananan hanzari.

Manunonin da aka samo yayin haɗuwa sun ba da damar hango haɗarin rauni da amincin fasinjoji na gaske. A wannan yanayin, ana samar da mannequins daidai da matsakaitan matsakaita: tsawo, nauyi, faɗin kafada. Wasu masana'antun suna ƙirƙirar mannequins tare da sifofi marasa daidaituwa: masu nauyi, masu tsayi, masu ciki, da dai sauransu.

https://youtu.be/Ltb_pQA6dRc