Bayani da ka'idar aikin windows windows na wuta

Kowane mai kera motoci yana ƙoƙari ya ƙera samfuransu ba mai aminci da kwanciyar hankali ba, har ma da amfani. Tsarin kowane motar ya haɗa da abubuwa daban-daban waɗanda zasu ba ka damar rarrabe takamaiman ƙirar mota da sauran motocin.

Duk da manyan bambance-bambance na gani da fasaha, babu motar da aka gina ba tare da tagogin gefen da za'a iya cire su ba. Don sauƙaƙa wa direba buɗe / rufe windows, an ƙirƙira wata hanyar da zaka iya ɗaga ko runtse gilashin a ƙofar. Babban zaɓi na kasafin kuɗi shine mai sarrafa taga taga. Amma a yau, a cikin yawancin samfuran ɓangaren kasafin kuɗi, galibi ana samun windows windows a cikin tsari na asali.

Bari muyi la'akari da ka'idar aikin wannan tsarin, tsarinta, da wasu kayan aikinsa. Amma da farko, bari mu dan tsunduma cikin tarihin kirkirar taga taga.

Tarihin bayyanar taga taga

Injiniyoyin kamfanin Jamus na Brose ne suka kirkiro na'urar daga taga ta farko a shekarar 1926 (an yi rajistar wani abu, amma an saka na'urar a cikin motoci bayan shekara biyu). Yawancin masana'antar kera motoci (sama da 80) abokan cinikin wannan kamfani ne. Alamar har yanzu tana aiki da kera abubuwa daban-daban don kujerun mota, ƙofofi da gawawwaki.

Sigar taga na atomatik na farko, wanda ke da injin lantarki, ya bayyana a 1940. An shigar da irin wannan tsarin a cikin samfuran Packard 180 na Amurka. Ka'idar aikin ya dogara ne akan electrohydraulics. Tabbas, ƙirar haɓaka ta farko ta wuce kima kuma ba kowace ƙofa ta ba da izinin shigar da tsarin ba. Bayan ɗan lokaci, alamar Ford ta fara ba da injin ɗagawa ta atomatik azaman zaɓi.

Lincoln limousines masu tsada da kuma kujeru masu kujeru 7, waɗanda aka samar tun 1941, suma sun sami wannan tsarin. Cadillac har yanzu wani kamfani ne wanda ya baiwa masu siyan motarsa ​​motar ɗaga gilashi a kowace ƙofa. Ba da daɗewa ba, wannan ƙirar ta fara samuwa a cikin masu canzawa. A wannan yanayin, ana daidaita aikin injin tare da rufin rufin. Lokacin da aka saukar da saman, tagogin ƙofofin an ɓoye su ta atomatik.

Da farko dai, ana sanya kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya wanda ke kara karfin wutan lantarki. Nan gaba kadan, an maye gurbinsa da wani kwatancen da ya fi inganci, wanda aka samar da shi ta hanyar famfo mai aiki da karfin ruwa. A cikin layi daya tare da inganta tsarin da ake da shi, injiniyoyi daga kamfanoni daban-daban sun haɓaka wasu gyare-gyare na hanyoyin da ke tabbatar da ɗaga ko saukar da gilashi a ƙofofin.

A 1956, Lincoln Nahiyar MkII ya bayyana. A cikin wannan motar, an ɗora windows windows masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke amfani da injin lantarki. Wancan tsarin injiniyan injiniyar kamfanin Ford ne da hadin gwiwar kwararru na kamfanin Brose suka kirkira shi. Nau'in lantarki na masu daga gilashin gilashi ya kafa kansa azaman mafi sauki kuma abin dogaro ga motocin fasinja, saboda haka, ana amfani da wannan kwaskwarimar a motar ta zamani.

Dalilin taga taga

Kamar yadda sunan injinan yake nunawa, dalilin sa shine direba ko fasinja a cikin motar su canza canjin gilashin ƙofar da kansu. Tunda analog ɗin inji na gargajiya yana jurewa da wannan aiki daidai, maƙasudin gyaran wutar lantarki shine samar da mafi dacewa a wannan yanayin.

A cikin wasu ƙirar mota, ana iya shigar da wannan ɓangaren azaman ƙarin zaɓin ta'aziyya, yayin da a cikin wasu ana iya haɗa shi cikin kunshin ayyuka na asali. Don sarrafa wutar lantarki, an shigar da maɓalli na musamman a kan tasirin katin ƙofar. Kadan akasari, wannan ikon yana cikin ramin tsakiya tsakanin kujerun gaba. A cikin tsarin kasafin kuɗi, an sanya aikin sarrafa duk tagogin motar zuwa direba. Don yin wannan, an sanya maɓallin maballin a kan maɓallin katin ƙofar, kowannensu yana da alhakin takamaiman taga.

Ka'idar mai kula da taga

Ana yin shigarwar kowane mai sarrafa taga na zamani a cikin ɓangaren ƙofar - ƙarƙashin gilashi. Dogaro da nau'in inji, an shigar da mashin ɗin a kan subframe ko kuma kai tsaye a cikin murfin ƙofa.

Aikin windows windows ba shi da bambanci da takwarorin aikin injiniya. Bambanci kawai shi ne cewa akwai ƙarancin shagala daga tuki don ɗaga / runtse gilashin. A wannan yanayin, ya isa ya danna maɓallin da ya dace akan tsarin sarrafawa.

A cikin ƙirar ta gargajiya, ƙirar ita ce trapezoid, wanda ya haɗa da gearbox, da ganga da kuma kebul na rauni a kusa da girar gearbox. Maimakon makama, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin sigar inji, gearbox yana daidaita tare da ƙirar motar lantarki. Yana aiki azaman hannu don juya inji don matsar da gilashin a tsaye.

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin tsarin windows na windows na yau da kullun shine microprocessor module (ko toshe) na sarrafawa, da kuma relay. Controlungiyar sarrafa lantarki tana gano siginoni daga maɓallin kuma ta aika da shawarar da ta dace zuwa takamaiman mai aiki.

Bayan karɓar sigina, motar lantarki tana fara motsi kuma tana motsa gilashin. Lokacin da aka danna maɓallin a taƙaice, ana karɓar siginar yayin da aka latsa. Amma lokacin da aka riƙe wannan ɓangaren, ana kunna yanayin atomatik a cikin sashin sarrafawa, lokacin da motar ke ci gaba da gudana koda kuwa an saki maɓallin. Don hana tuƙin konewa lokacin da gilashin ya tsaya akan ɓangaren sama na baka, tsarin yana kashe wutar lantarki ga motar. Hakanan ya shafi mafi ƙasƙanci matsayi na gilashi.

Zane mai tsara taga

Babban mai sarrafa taga na zamani ya kunshi:

• Gilashin tallafi;
• Jagororin tsaye;
• Rubber damper (wanda yake a ƙasan jikin ƙofar, kuma aikinsa shine takura motsin gilashi);
• Alamar taga. Wannan sinadarin yana saman rufin taga ko rufin, idan mai canzawa ne (karanta game da sifofin wannan nau'in jikin a cikin wani bita) ko hardtop (wani nau'i na wannan nau'in jiki yana dauke a nan). Ayyukanta daidai yake da na abin rufe roba - don iyakance motsin gilashi a cikin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsayi;
• Fitar. Wannan na iya zama sigar injiniya (a wannan yanayin, za a shigar da makama a cikin katin ƙofar don juya juzu'in ganga, wanda kebul ɗin ya yi rauni) ko nau'in lantarki. A cikin akwati na biyu, katin ƙofar ba zai da wani madaidaici don motsi gilashi. Madadin haka, an sanya injin lantarki mai juyawa a ƙofar (yana iya juyawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban dangane da sandunan yanzu);
• Tsarin ɗagawa wanda gilashin ke motsawa cikin takamaiman shugabanci. Akwai nau'ikan hanyoyin da yawa. Zamuyi la'akari da siffofin su kadan kadan.

Kayan wutar lantarki

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, yawancin windows windows suna da tsari iri ɗaya da takwarorinsu na injiniyoyi. Banda shine motar lantarki da lantarki.

Wani fasalin ƙirar windows na windows tare da injin lantarki shine kasancewar:

• Electricarfin wutar lantarki mai juyawa, wanda ke aiwatar da umarnin ƙungiyar sarrafawa, kuma an haɗa shi cikin ƙirar tuki ko ƙirar;
• Wayoyin lantarki;
• Controlungiyar sarrafawa wacce ke aiwatar da sigina (ya dogara da nau'in kewaya na lantarki: lantarki ko lantarki) wanda ke zuwa daga ƙirar sarrafawa (maɓallan), kuma umurni ga mai aiwatar da ƙofar da ta dace ya fito daga gare ta;
• Maballin sarrafawa. Yanayin su ya dogara da ergonomics na sararin ciki, amma a mafi yawan lokuta waɗannan abubuwan za'a sanya su akan abubuwan ƙofar ciki.

Nau'in dagawa

Da farko, tsarin daga tagar ya kasance iri daya ne. Hanyar sassauƙa ce wacce ke iya aiki kawai ta hanyar juya taga ta taga. Bayan lokaci, injiniyoyi daga kamfanoni daban-daban sun haɓaka sauye-sauye da yawa na ɗakunan hawa.

Za'a iya wadatar da mai sarrafa taga na lantarki ta zamani tare da:

• Trosov;
• Saka;
• Lever daga.

Bari muyi la'akari da fifikon kowannensu daban.

Igiya

Wannan shine mafi shahararren sauye-sauye na hanyoyin ɗagawa. Don kerar wannan nau'in gini, ana buƙatar materialsan kayan aiki, kuma kayan aikin da kansa ya bambanta da sauran analogues a cikin sauƙin aiki.

Tsarin yana da rollers da yawa wanda kebul ke rauni. A wasu samfuran, ana amfani da sarkar, wanda ke haɓaka aikin aiki na inji. Wani abu a cikin wannan ƙirar shine drum ɗin motsa jiki. Lokacin da motar ta fara aiki, sai ta juya duriyar. A sakamakon wannan aikin, kebul ɗin ya yi rauni kusa da wannan abu, yana hawa sama / ƙasa sandar da aka kafa gilashin a kanta. Wannan tsiri yana motsawa kai tsaye a cikin shugabanci na tsaye saboda jagororin da ke gefen gilashin.

Don hana ƙwanƙwasa gilashin, masana'antun sunyi irin wannan tsari mai kusurwa uku (a wasu sifofin, a cikin hanyar trapezoid). Hakanan yana da tubes masu jagora guda biyu ta inda ake kebul da kebul.

Wannan ƙirar tana da ragi mai mahimmanci. Saboda aiki mai aiki, kebul mai sassauci da sauri ya lalace saboda lalacewar halitta da hawaye, da kuma mikewa ko juyawa. Saboda wannan dalili, wasu motocin suna amfani da sarkar maimakon kebul. Hakanan, duriyar tuki ba ta da ƙarfi.

Tara

Wani nau'ikan dagawa, wanda ba safai ake samun sa ba, shi ne rake da ƙyalli. Fa'idar wannan ƙirar ita ce ƙananan farashinta, da sauƙi. Wani fasalin fasalin wannan gyare-gyaren shine santsi da laushi aiki. Na'urar wannan hawan ta haɗa da sandar tsaye tare da haƙora a gefe ɗaya. Cketunƙwasa mai sintiri tare da gilashin da aka kafa a kansa an daidaita shi zuwa ƙarshen dogo. Gilashin kansa yana motsawa tare da jagororin, don kada ya yi ɗamara yayin aikin turawa ɗaya.

Motocin an kafe shi a kan wani sashin haɗin ƙetare Akwai kaya a kan shaftin motar lantarki, wanda ke manne ga hakoran ragon tsaye, kuma yana motsa shi ta inda ake so.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa jirgin gear ba shi da kariya ta kowane abin rufewa, ƙura da yashi na yashi na iya shiga tsakanin haƙoran. Wannan yana haifar da lalacewar gear da wuri. Wani rashin amfani shi ne karyewar hakori daya yana haifar da matsalar aikin inji (gilashin ya kasance wuri daya). Hakanan, dole ne a sanya ido kan yanayin jirgin ƙasa - sanya mai a lokaci-lokaci. Kuma mafi mahimmancin abin da ya sa ba zai yiwu a girka irin wannan hanyar ba a cikin motoci da yawa shine girmanta. Babban tsarin kawai bai dace da sararin kunkuntar ƙofofi ba.

Lever

Link lifts yana aiki da sauri kuma abin dogaro. Hakanan ƙirar tuƙi tana da ɗayan haƙori, kawai sai ya juya ("zana" rabin zagaye), kuma baya tashi tsaye, kamar yadda ya gabata. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran zaɓuɓɓuka, wannan ƙirar tana da ƙirar da ta fi rikitarwa, wacce ta ƙunshi levers da yawa.

A wannan rukunin, akwai nau'ikan rarar abubuwa guda uku:

1. Tare da lever daya... Wannan zane zai kunshi hannu daya, kaya da faranti. Liver ɗin da kansa an kafa shi a kan keken, kuma a kan lever ɗin akwai faranti waɗanda gilashin suke a kansu. Za a shigar da darjewa a ɗaya gefen libaron, wanda za a motsa faranti tare da gilashi. Ana bayar da juyawar cogwheel ta hanyar gear wanda aka ɗora a kan shaft na motar lantarki.
2. Tare da levers biyu... Babu wani bambanci na asali a cikin wannan ƙirar idan aka kwatanta da analog guda ɗaya. A zahiri, wannan gyara ne mai rikitarwa na aikin da ya gabata. An shigar da lever na biyu akan babban, wanda ke da kwatankwacin zane zuwa gyare-gyaren sau ɗaya. Kasancewar abu na biyu yana hana gilashin juyawa yayin dagawa.
3. Hannu biyu, masu taya... Injin yana da gwal biyu tare da hakora da aka ɗora a gefen babban gearwheel. Na'urar tana da sauƙin ɗaukar ƙafafun da aka haɗa faranti a lokaci guda.

Lokacin da aka aika umarni zuwa motar, gear, wanda aka kafa akan shaft, sai ya juya shagon haƙori mai haƙori. Ita kuma, tare da taimakon levers, ta ɗaga / saukar da gilashin da aka ɗora a kan sashin mai wucewa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa masana'antun mota na iya amfani da tsarin lever daban-daban, tunda kowane samfurin mota na iya samun girman ƙofar daban.

Fa'idodin ɗaga hannu sun haɗa da sauƙin gini da aiki shiru. Suna da sauƙin shigarwa kuma ƙirar tasu ta ba da damar shigarwa akan kowane inji. Tunda ana amfani da watsa gear a nan, kamar yadda yake a cikin canjin da ya gabata, yana da rashi iri ɗaya. Hatsi na yashi na iya shiga cikin aikin, wanda a hankali yakan lalata haƙoran. Hakanan yana buƙatar sakawa lokaci-lokaci. Kari akan haka, injin din yakan daga gilashin a cikin saurin daban. Farkon motsi yana da sauri, amma ana kawo gilashin zuwa matsayi na sama ahankali. Akwai lokuta da yawa a cikin motsi na gilashin.

Fasali na aiki da sarrafa windows windows na wuta

Tunda taga wutar ta dogara ne akan ginin analogin inji, aikinta yana da ƙa'ida mai sauƙi kuma baya buƙatar wasu ƙwarewa na musamman ko dabaru. Ga kowace kofa (ya dogara da ƙirar mota) ana buƙatar tuki ɗaya. Motar lantarki tana karɓar umarni daga ƙungiyar sarrafawa, wanda, bi da bi, ya ɗauki siginar daga maɓallin. Don ɗaga gilashin, maɓallin galibi ana ɗagawa (amma akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka, kamar wanda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa). Don matsar da gilashin a ƙasa, danna maɓallin.

Wasu tsarin zamani suna aiki na musamman yayin da injin ke aiki. Godiya ga wannan, ana tabbatar da aminci cewa batirin bai cika yin aiki ba saboda yanayin jiran aiki na lantarki (don yadda za'a fara motar idan batirin ya cika gaba ɗaya, karanta a wani labarin). Amma motoci da yawa suna sanye da windows masu amfani da wuta waɗanda za a iya kunna su yayin da aka kashe injin ƙonewa na ciki.

Yawancin samfuran mota suna da wadataccen kayan lantarki. Misali, lokacin da direba ya bar motar ba tare da ya buɗe taga ba, tsarin zai iya gane wannan kuma ya aikata aikin da kansa. Akwai gyare-gyare na tsarin sarrafawa wanda zai baku damar runtse / ɗaga gilashin nesa. Don wannan, akwai maɓalli na musamman akan maɓallin kewayawa daga motar.

Amma ga tsarin lantarki, akwai gyare-gyare guda biyu. Na farko ya haɗa da haɗa maballin sarrafawa kai tsaye zuwa kewayen lantarki na motar. Irin wannan makircin zai kunshi wasu da'irori daban daban wadanda zasuyi aiki da junan su. Amfanin wannan tsari shine cewa a yayin lalacewar motar mutum, tsarin zai iya aiki.

Tunda ƙirar ba ta da naúrar sarrafawa, tsarin ba zai taɓa kasawa ba saboda lodin da aka yi na microprocessor, da sauransu. Koyaya, wannan ƙirar tana da mahimman ci gaba. Don ɗaga ko runtse gilashin sosai, direba ya riƙe maɓallin ƙasa, wanda yake shagaltar da tuƙi kamar yadda yake a yanayin aikin inji.

Canji na biyu na tsarin sarrafawa lantarki ne. A cikin wannan sigar, makircin zai kasance kamar haka. Dukkanin injunan lantarki suna haɗuwa da naúrar sarrafawa, waɗanda maɓallan ma suna haɗuwa da su. Don hana injin ya ƙone saboda tsananin juriya, lokacin da gilashin ya kai ga ƙarshen mattacciyar cibiyar (sama ko ƙasa), akwai toshewa a cikin lantarki.

Kodayake ana iya amfani da maɓallin keɓaɓɓe don kowace ƙofa, fasinjojin da ke jere na baya za su iya yin aiki da ƙofar su kawai. Babban darajan, wanda da shi za'a iya kunna gilashin gilashi akan kowane kofa, kawai yana da izinin direba. Dogaro da kayan abin hawa, wannan zaɓin na iya kasancewa ga fasinja na gaba. Don yin wannan, wasu masu kera motoci suna shigar da maɓallin maballin tsakanin kujerun gaba akan ramin tsakiyar.

Me yasa nake buƙatar aikin toshewa

Kusan kowane samfurin zamani na tagar lantarki yana da makulli. Wannan aikin yana hana gilashin motsawa koda direba ya danna maɓalli akan babban tsarin sarrafawar. Wannan zaɓin yana ƙara aminci a cikin mota.

Wannan fasalin zai zama da amfani musamman ga waɗanda ke tafiya tare da yara. Kodayake daidai da bukatun ƙasashe da yawa, ana buƙatar direbobi su girka kujerun yara na musamman, buɗe taga kusa da yaron yana da haɗari. Don taimakawa masu motoci masu neman kujerar motar yara, muna ba da shawarar ku karanta labarin game da kujerun hannu tare da tsarin Isofix... Kuma ga waɗanda suka riga suka sayi irin wannan tsarin tsarin tsaro, amma basu san yadda ake shigar dashi da kyau ba, akwai wani bita.

Lokacin da direba ke tuƙi mota, ba koyaushe yake gudanar da bin duk abin da ke faruwa a cikin gidan ba tare da ya shagala daga hanya. Don kada yaron ya sha wahala daga iska (misali, yana iya kamuwa da mura), direban ya ɗaga gilashin zuwa tsayin da ake buƙata, ya toshe aikin windows, kuma yara ba za su iya buɗe tagogin ba da kansu.

Aikin kullewa yana aiki akan dukkan maɓallan akan ƙyauren fasinjojin baya. Don kunna shi, dole ne ku danna maɓallin sarrafawa daidai akan tsarin sarrafawa. Yayinda zaɓin ke aiki, ɗagawa na baya ba za su karɓi sigina daga sashin sarrafawa don motsa gilashin ba.

Wani fasalin mai amfani na tsarin taga na wutar lantarki na yau shine aiki mai juyawa. Lokacin, lokacin ɗaga gilashin, tsarin yana gano raguwa a cikin juyawar ƙirar motar ko cikakkiyar tasharsa, amma gilashin bai riga ya kai ga matsanancin matsayi na sama ba, sashin kulawa yana umurtar motar lantarki ta juya zuwa wata hanyar. Wannan yana hana rauni idan yaro ko dabba suna kallo ta taga.

Yayinda aka yi amannar cewa tagogin wuta ba su da wani tasiri a kan aminci yayin tuki, lokacin da direba ba shi da wata damuwa daga tuki, wannan zai sa kowa a kan hanya lafiya. Amma, kamar yadda muka faɗi a baya kaɗan, bayyanar inji na masu kula da taga zai dace da wannan aikin daidai. A saboda wannan dalili, kasancewar haɗarin motar lantarki an haɗa shi a cikin zaɓin kwanciyar hankali na abin hawa.

A ƙarshen bita, muna ba da gajeren bidiyo kan yadda za a girka tagogin wutar lantarki a motarka:

S05E05 Shigar da windows na lantarki [BMIRussian]