Azabar Rudolf Diesel
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Azabar Rudolf Diesel

Azabar Rudolf Diesel

An haifeshi ne a watan Maris na 1858 kuma ya ƙirƙiri ɗayan manyan halittun masana'antar.

A ranar soyayya, 14 ga Fabrairu, 1898, ɗan wani ɗan Sweden, Emanuel Nobel, ya isa otal ɗin Bristol da ke Berlin. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Ludwig Nobel, ya gaji kamfanin mai nasa, wanda ya kasance mafi girma a Rasha a lokacin. Emanuel yana cikin tashin hankali da damuwa domin yarjejeniyar da zai yi na da mahimmanci a gare shi. Bayan da kawunsa Alfred ya yanke shawarar ba da gudummawar gadonsa mai girma, wanda ya haɗa da wani babban kamfani mai fashewa da wani kaso mai yawa a cikin kamfanin mai na gidauniyar Nobel da ya ƙirƙira, na ƙarshe ya fara fuskantar matsalar kuɗi mai tsanani, kuma ya nemi mafita iri-iri. . A saboda wannan dalili, ya yanke shawarar sanin wani mutum da aka riga aka sani a lokacin da sunan Rudolf Diesel. Nobel yana so ya saya daga gare shi haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka don samar da injin konewa na cikin gida na Jamus kwanan nan a cikin Rasha. Emanuel Nobel ya shirya alamar zinare 800 don wannan dalili, amma har yanzu yana tunanin zai iya yin shawarwari akan rage farashin.

Ranar tana da matukar aiki ga Diesel - zai yi karin kumallo tare da Friedrich Alfred Krupp, sannan zai yi ganawa da bankin Sweden Markus Wallenberg, kuma da rana za a sadaukar da shi ga Emanuel Nobel. Washegari ma, ma’aikacin banki da ’yan kasuwa suka rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ta kai ga kafa wani sabon kamfanin injunan diesel na Sweden. Duk da haka, tattaunawa da Nobel ya fi wahala, duk da ikirarin Diesel na cewa dan kasar Sweden ya "fi son injinsa" fiye da shi. Rashin tabbas na Emanuel ba shi da alaƙa da makomar injin - a matsayinsa na masanin fasaha ba ya shakka, amma a matsayinsa na ɗan kasuwa ya yi imanin cewa injin dizal zai ƙara yawan amfani da man fetur. Irin kayan mai da kamfanonin Nobel ke samarwa. Yana son yin cikakken bayani ne kawai.

Koyaya, Rudolph ba ya son jira kuma ba tare da yarda ba ya gaya wa Nobel cewa idan dan Sweden din bai amince da sharuddansa ba, Diesel zai sayar da takardar izininsa ga abokin hamayyarsa John Rockefeller. Menene ya ba wannan injiniyan da ke da sha'awar jujjuya fataucin lambar yabo da lambar yabo ta Nobel ta yadda ya samu nasarar da karfin gwiwa ya tsaya kan hanyar mutanen biyu masu karfi a doron kasa? Babu ɗaya daga cikin injunan sa da zai iya yin abin dogaro har yanzu, kuma kwanan nan ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da mai yin giya Adolphus Busch don haƙƙin haƙƙin kerawa a Amurka. Koyaya, baƙar fatarsa ​​ta ba da sakamako, kuma an yi yarjejeniyar tare da Nobel.

Bayan shekaru 15 ...

Satumba 29, 1913. Ranar kaka ta yau da kullun. Akwai wani hazo mai kauri a bakin Scheldt a cikin Netherlands, kuma injunan tururin jirgin Dresden sun yi ta ruri ta cikin wuraren riƙe su yayin da suke ɗauke da shi ta Tashar Turanci zuwa Ingila. Rudolf Diesel ne a cikin jirgin, wanda jim kaɗan kafin ya aika wa matar saƙo mai daɗi cewa tafiya mai zuwa za ta yi nasara. Da alama haka ne. Da misalin karfe goma na yamma, shi da abokan aikinsa, George Carels da Alfred Luckmann, sun yanke shawara cewa lokaci ya yi da za su kwanta, yin musafaha tare da yawo a cikin gidajensu. Da safe, ba wanda zai iya samun Mista Diesel, kuma idan ma’aikatansa da ke cikin damuwa suka neme shi a cikin gida, gadon da ke cikin ɗakinsa ya kasance cikakke. Daga baya, fasinjan, wanda ya zama dan uwan ​​Shugaban Indiya Jawaharlal Nehru, zai tuna yadda aka tsara matakan mutumin zuwa layin jirgin. Madaukaki ne kawai ya san ainihin abin da ya faru a gaba. Gaskiyar ita ce a shafi na 29 ga Satumba a cikin littafin Rudolf Diesel, an rubuta ƙaramin gicciye a hankali a fensir ...

Bayan kwana goma sha daya, masu jirgin ruwa ‘yan kasar Holland suka gano gawar wani mutum da ya nitse a cikin ruwa. Saboda fitowar sa mai firgitarwa, kyaftin din ya ba da shi ne don amfanin teku, yana kiyaye abin da ya samu a ciki. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ɗayan Rudolf, Eugen Diesel, ya gane su na mahaifinsa ne.

A cikin duhu mai zurfi na hazo ya ƙare aikin mai ban sha'awa na mahaliccin halitta mai haske, mai suna "injin dizal". Duk da haka, idan muka yi la'akari da zurfi a cikin yanayin da artist, za mu same shi a hankali tsage da sabani da shakku, wanda ya ba da dalili mai kyau don gane a matsayin mai iko ba kawai labarin cewa ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da Jamus jamiái da suke so su hana sayar da haƙƙin mallaka. Daular Burtaniya a jajibirin yakin da babu makawa, amma Diesel ya kashe kansa. Azaba mai zurfi wani bangare ne na duniyar ciki na hazikin mai zane.

An haifi Rudolph a ranar 18 ga Maris, 1858 a Paris babban birnin Faransa. Tashin hankali a cikin Faransa yayin Yaƙin Franco-Prussian ya tilasta wa danginsa yin ƙaura zuwa Ingila. Koyaya, kudadensu basu isa sosai ba, kuma an tilasta mahaifinsa ya aika saurayi Rudolf zuwa ga ɗan'uwan matarsa, wanda ba mutum ba ne. Kawun Diesel ya kasance shahararren Farfesa Barnikel a lokacin, kuma tare da goyan bayan sa ya kammala karatun sa na kwaleji na Masana'antu (sai kuma Makarantar Fasaha, a yanzu Jami'ar Kimiyyar Kimiyya) a Augsburg, sannan kuma Jami'ar Fasaha ta Munich, ta karɓar difloma da girmamawa. ... Ingancin ƙwarewar matasa abin birgewa ne, kuma dagewar da yake ƙoƙari don cimma burinsa kawai yana ba waɗanda ke kewaye da shi mamaki. Mafarkin Diesel na ƙirƙirar ingantaccen injin zafi, amma abin ban mamaki ya ƙare a cikin injin firiji. A shekara ta 1881, ya koma Paris bisa gayyatar tsohon malamin shi, Farfesa Karl von Linde, wanda ya kirkiro mai kera kankara da sunan sa, kuma ya aza harsashin ginin katafaren tsarin Linde na yau. A can aka nada Rudolph darektan kamfanin. A wancan lokacin, injunan mai suna farawa, kuma a halin yanzu, an ƙirƙiri wani injin zafin. Tumbin tururi ne, wanda ɗan Swede na Faransa De Leval da Ingilishi Parsons suka ƙirƙiro kwanan nan, kuma ya fi injinan tururi ƙira sosai.

Daidai da ci gaban Daimler da Benz da sauran masana kimiyya, suna ƙoƙarin kera injina waɗanda ke aiki akan kananzir. A wancan lokacin, har yanzu ba su san yanayin sinadarin man fetur da yanayin ɓarnatar da shi ba (ƙarar fashewar abubuwa a wasu yanayi). Diesel yana lura da waɗannan abubuwan sosai kuma yana karɓar bayani game da waɗannan abubuwan kuma bayan yawancin bincike ya gano cewa duk ayyukan basu da wani abu mai mahimmanci. Ya zo da wani sabon tunani wanda ya sha bamban da injunan da suke karkashin Otto.

Ingantaccen injin zafi

"A cikin injina, iska za ta yi kauri sosai sannan kuma, a ƙarshe, za a yi allurar mai," in ji injiniyan Jamus. "Haɓaka yanayin zafi zai sa man fetur ya kunna kansa, kuma babban matsi zai sa ya fi dacewa da man fetur." Shekara guda bayan da ya sami takardar shaidar ra'ayinsa, Diesel ya buga wani kasida mai suna "Ka'idar da ƙirƙirar injin zafi mai ma'ana, wanda ya kamata ya maye gurbin injin tururi da injunan ƙonewa na ciki a yanzu."

Ayyukan Rudolf Diesel sun dogara ne akan tushen ka'idar thermodynamics. Koyaya, ka'idar abu ɗaya ce kuma yin aiki wani abu ne. Diesel dai bai da masaniyar irin halin da man da zai zuba a cikin silindar injin dinsa zai kasance. Da farko, ya yanke shawarar gwada kananzir, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai a lokacin. Duk da haka, a fili na karshen ba shine mafita ga matsalar ba - a farkon gwajin, injin gwaji da aka kera a masana'antar injin Augsburg (wanda ake kira da MAN heavy truck plant) ya tsage, kuma ma'aunin matsa lamba daya ya kusa kashe wanda ya kirkiro ta hanyar. santimita masu tashi. daga kansa. Bayan yunƙurin da aka yi da yawa, Diesel ya yi nasarar sa injin ɗin na gwaji ya yi aiki, amma bayan ya yi wasu sauye-sauyen ƙira kuma sai lokacin da ya canza zuwa amfani da juzu'in mai mai nauyi, wanda daga baya ya sanya masa suna "man diesel".

Yawancin 'yan kasuwa sun fara sha'awar abubuwan da Diesel ke ci gaba, kuma ayyukansa na gab da kawo sauyi a duniyar injunan zafi, saboda a zahiri injinsa ya zama mai tattalin arziki.

An gabatar da tabbacin hakan a cikin shekara ta 1898 da tarihin mu ya fara a birnin Munich, inda aka bude baje kolin kayan inji, wanda ya zama ginshikin ci gaban nasarar Diesel da injinan sa. Akwai injuna daga Augsburg, da kuma injin 20 hp. shuka Otto-Deutz, wanda ke motsa injin don shayar da iska. Musamman mai girma shine sha'awar babur da aka samar a masana'antar Krupp - yana da 35 hp. kuma yana jujjuya ramin famfo na hydraulic, yana ƙirƙirar jet na ruwa mai tsayin mita 40. Wannan injin yana aiki akan ka'idar injin diesel, kuma bayan baje kolin, kamfanonin Jamus da na waje sun saya masa lasisi, gami da Nobel, wanda ke karɓar haƙƙin kera. injin a Rasha. .

Kamar dai wauta, da farko injin dizal ya sami juriya mafi girma a ƙasarsa. Dalilan da ke tattare da haka suna da sarkakiya, amma suna da alaka da cewa kasar na da tarin kwal da kusan babu mai. Gaskiyar ita ce, yayin da a wannan mataki ana daukar injin mai a matsayin babban abin hawa na motoci, wanda ba shi da wata hanya, za a yi amfani da man dizal ne musamman don ayyukan masana'antu, wanda kuma za'a iya yin shi da injin tururi na kwal. Yayin da yake fuskantar ƙarin masu cin zarafi a Jamus, Diesel ya tilasta yin hulɗa da masana'antun da yawa a Faransa, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, Rasha da Amurka. A Rasha, Nobel tare da kamfanin Sweden ASEA, sun yi nasarar kera jiragen ruwa na farko na kasuwanci da tankunan ruwa tare da injin dizal, kuma a farkon karni na farko ya bayyana jirgin ruwan dizal na Rasha Minoga da Shark. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Diesel ya sami babban ci gaba wajen inganta injinsa, kuma babu abin da zai iya dakatar da tafarkin nasara na halittarsa ​​- har ma da mutuwar mahaliccinsa. Zai kawo sauyi kan harkokin sufuri kuma wata ƙirƙira ce ta zamanin da ba za ta iya aiki ba tare da samfuran man fetur ba.

Kwancen Diesel

Amma, kamar yadda muka fada a baya, akwai sabani da yawa a bayan wannan galibin facade. A gefe guda, waɗannan su ne abubuwan da ke faruwa a lokacin da al'amura ke faruwa, a daya bangaren kuma, ainihin Rudolf Diesel. Duk da nasarar da ya samu, a lokacin tafiya a 1913 ya sami kansa kusan ba shi da matsala. Ga sauran jama'a, Diesel ƙwararren ƙwararren mai ƙirƙira ne wanda ya riga ya zama miloniya, amma a aikace ba zai iya dogara ga garantin banki don kammala hada-hadar kasuwanci ba. Duk da nasarar da ya samu, mai zane ya fada cikin zurfin ciki, idan irin wannan lokaci ya kasance a lokacin. Farashin da ya biya don halittarsa ​​yana da yawa, kuma yana ƙara ƙulla azaba da tunanin ko ɗan adam yana buƙatarsa. Maimakon ya yi shiri don gabatar da jawabansa, ya damu da tunanin wanzuwa kuma yana karanta “aiki mai wuya amma maras iyaka” (a cikin kalmominsa). A cikin ɗakinsa da ke cikin jirgin Dresden, an sami littafin wannan masanin falsafa, inda aka sanya tef ɗin alamar siliki a shafukan da za a iya samun waɗannan kalmomi: “Mutanen da aka haifa cikin talauci, amma godiya ga basirarsu, a ƙarshe sun kai matsayi mai girma. Matsayin da suke samu, kusan koyaushe suna ba da shawarar kansu cewa baiwa ita ce ka'idar da ba za a iya tauye su ba, kuma kayan abu ne kawai kashi na wajibi. Irin waɗannan mutane galibi suna ƙarewa cikin matsanancin talauci…”

Shin Diesel ya fahimci rayuwarsa ta ma'anar waɗannan kalmomin? Lokacin da 'ya'yansa Eugen da Rudolf suka buɗe baitulmalin iyali a gida a Bogenhausen, sun sami alamomi dubu ashirin ne kawai a ciki. Duk sauran abubuwa ana cinye su da ɓarna na rayuwar iyali. Shekaru 90 na Reichmarks na shekara-shekara suna shiga cikin babban gida. Hannun jari a kamfanoni daban-daban baya kawo riba, kuma saka hannun jari a cikin filayen mai na Galician ya zama bariki mara tushe.

Daga baya dai mutanen zamanin Diesel sun tabbatar da cewa arzikinsa ya bace da sauri kamar yadda ya bayyana, kuma yana da hazaka kamar yadda yake alfahari da son kai, bai ga ya dace a tattauna al’amura da masu kudi ba. . Girman kansa ya yi yawa ba zai iya yin shawara da kowa ba. Diesel har ma yana shiga cikin ma'amaloli masu ƙima, kuma wannan yana haifar da hasara mai yawa. Yarinta, da kuma musamman wani baƙon uba wanda ke tsunduma cikin kasuwancin tafiya a cikin ƙananan abubuwa daban-daban, amma ana la'akari da shi a matsayin wakilin wani nau'i na sojojin baƙi, mai yiwuwa ya rinjayi halinsa sosai. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Diesel da kansa, wanda ya zama saba wa wannan ɗabi’a (dalilan irin wannan ɗabi’a suna cikin fagagen ilimin halin ɗabi’a), ya ce: “Ba ni da tabbacin ko akwai wata fa’ida daga abin da na samu. a rayuwata. Ban sani ba ko motocina sun kyautata rayuwar mutane. Ban tabbata da komai ba..."

Umurnin mai gyaran injiniya na Bajamushe ba zai iya shirya yawo da azaba cikin ransa ba. Idan injininta ya kona kowane digo, mahaliccinsa zai kone ...

Rubutu: Georgy Kolev

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