Urea a cikin injunan dizal: me yasa, abun da ke ciki, amfani, farashin, kashewa

Yawancin masu motoci na zamani, suna ayyana motar da ta fi amfani, suna mai da hankali ba kawai ga ƙarfin rukunin wutar ba da kuma kwanciyar hankali da ake bayarwa a ciki. Ga mutane da yawa, tattalin arzikin sufuri yana da mahimmancin gaske. Koyaya, ƙirƙirar motoci tare da rage amfani da mai, masana'antun suna da jagorar ƙa'idodi na mahalli (ƙaramin ICE yana fitar da ƙananan abubuwa masu cutarwa).

Matsa tsauraran tsauraran muhalli ya tilastawa injiniyoyi ci gaba da sabon tsarin mai, gyara hanyoyin wutar lantarki da ake dasu da kuma basu karin kayan aiki. Kowa ya san cewa idan ka rage girman injin, zai rasa iko. Saboda wannan, a cikin injunan ƙone-ƙone na cikin gida na zamani, turbochargers, compresres, kowane nau'in tsarin allura, da dai sauransu sun zama gama gari. Godiya ga wannan, koda rukunin lita 1.0 yana da ikon yin gasa tare da injin lita 3.0 na motar motsa jiki wacce ba safai ba.

Idan muka gwada injunan mai da na dizal (an bayyana banbancin irin wadannan injina a cikin wani bita), to gyare-gyare tare da girma guda, yana aiki akan mai mai yawa, tabbas zai cinye mai kadan. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa duk wani injin dizal an sanye shi da tsarin allura kai tsaye ta tsohuwa. Describedarin bayani game da na'urar wannan nau'in motar an bayyana a nan.

Koyaya, injunan dizal ba su da sauki. Yayin konewar man dizal, ana fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa, shi ya sa motocin da ke da injina makamancin haka suke gurbata mahalli fiye da kwatankwacin mai. Don yin motar mai lafiya a wannan batun, tsarin shaye shaye ya haɗa da tace tace и mai kara kuzari... Wadannan abubuwa suna cirewa da kuma sanya hydrocarbons, carbon oxides, soot, sulfur dioxide da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa.

Tsawon shekaru, matakan muhalli, musamman don injunan dizal, sun ƙara tsanantawa. A halin yanzu, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa akwai haramtawa kan aikin ababen hawa waɗanda ba su haɗu da sigogin Euro-4, kuma wani lokacin ma har sun fi haka. Don haka injin dizal ba zai rasa nasaba da shi ba, injiniyoyi sun tanada kayan aiki (farawa da gyare-gyaren tsarin Euro4) tare da ƙarin tsarin tsabtace iskar gas. Ana kiran sa SCR.

Tare da shi, ana amfani da urea don man dizal. Yi la'akari da dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar wannan maganin a cikin mota, menene ma'anar aikin irin wannan tsarin tsaftacewa, kuma menene fa'idodi da rashin amfani.

Menene urea don injin dizal

Kalmar urea kanta na nufin abu wanda ke dauke da gishirin acid na uric - samfurin karshe na yaduwar dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a aikin noma, amma ba a amfani da shi cikin tsarkakakken tsari a cikin masana'antar kera motoci.

Ga injunan dizal, ana amfani da wani bayani na musamman, kashi 40 cikin ɗari wanda ya kunshi maganin ruwa na urea da kashi 60 cikin XNUMX na ruwa mai narkewa. Wannan sinadarin shine ke tsaka da amfani da sinadarai wanda yake shafar iskar gas da ke canza iskar gas, hydrocarbons da nitrogen oxides a cikin iskar gas mai cutarwa. Yanayin ya canza sharar mai cutarwa zuwa carbon dioxide, nitrogen da ruwa. Ana kiran wannan ruwan AdBlue don amfani dashi a cikin tsarin shan iskar gas.

Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da irin wannan tsarin a cikin motocin kasuwanci. Motar za ta sami ƙarin tanki, wanda ramin fil ɗin yake kusa da ramin mai. Motar ba a wuta kawai tare da mai na dizal ba, amma dole ne a zuba maganin urea a cikin tanki daban (ruwa mai shirye wanda ake siyarwa cikin gwangwani). Amfani da sinadarin ya dogara da nau'in tsarin mai da yadda injin yake aiki yadda yakamata.

Yawancin lokaci, motar zamani (ta hanyar, yawancin fasinjojin fasinja waɗanda suke amfani da man fetur mai nauyi suma suna karɓar irin wannan tsarin tsaka tsaki) yana iya yin aiki daga kashi biyu zuwa shida na urea daga yawan man da aka cinye. Dangane da cewa ana amfani da allurar ta hanyar lantarki mai madaidaici, kuma aiki da tsarin kanta ta hanyar babu na'urori masu auna sigina, kuna buƙatar ƙara reagent zuwa tanki da yawa sau da yawa fiye da mai da motar kanta. Yawanci, ana buƙatar ƙara bayan kusan kilomita dubu 8 (gwargwadon ƙarar tankin).

Ba za a haɗa ruwan da ke aiki da tsarin shaye-shaye da man dizal ba, tunda shi kansa ba mai cin wuta ba. Hakanan, adadi mai yawa na ruwa da sunadarai zasu hanzarta katse famfo mai matsin lamba (an bayyana aikinsa a nan) da sauran mahimman abubuwa na tsarin mai.

Menene don injin dizal?

A cikin motocin zamani, ana amfani da karafa don tsayar da kayayyakin ƙonewa. Kwan zumarsu daga ƙarfe ne ko kuma yumbu. Sauye-sauye da aka fi sani suna cikin gida tare da nau'ikan ƙarfe uku: rhodium, palladium da platinum. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙarfe yana tasiri tare da iskar gas mai ƙarewa kuma yana daidaita hydrocarbons da carbon monoxide a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi.

Sakamakon shine cakuda carbon dioxide, nitrogen da ruwa. Koyaya, shaye-shayen mai na dizal shima yana ɗauke da manyan matakan soot da nitrogen oxide. Bugu da ƙari, idan an sabunta tsarin shaye-shaye don cire abu ɗaya mai cutarwa, wannan yana da sakamako mai illa - abun cikin ɗayan ɓangaren yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado. Ana lura da wannan aikin a cikin halaye daban-daban na aiki na ƙungiyar ƙarfin.

Don cire toshi daga shaye-shayen, ana amfani da tarko ko matattarar abubuwa. Gudun yana wucewa ta cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin sashin kuma amon ya daidaita a gefunan su. Bayan lokaci, wannan allon ya toshe kuma injin yana kunna ƙararraki, don haka yana ƙara rayuwar mai tacewar.

Duk da kasancewar ƙarin abubuwa a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye na motar, duk abubuwa masu cutarwa basu cika lalacewa ba. Saboda wannan, cutuwar injin motar ba ta ragu ba. Don inganta ƙawancen ababen hawa na sufuri, an ƙirƙiri wani ƙarin tsarin don tsaftacewa ko tsakaita iskar gas mai ƙare mai.

Tsarin SCR an tsara shi don yaƙar nitric oxide. An girka shi ta tsohuwa a cikin duk motocin dizal da suka yi daidai da Yuro 4 zuwa sama. Baya ga sharar tsabta, godiya ga amfani da urea, tsarin shaye-shaye yana shan wahala ƙasa da ajiyar carbon.

Yadda tsarin yake

Kasancewar tsarin tsaka tsaki yana ba da damar tsohuwar injin ƙone ciki don dacewa da daidaitattun muhalli na zamani. Amfani da SCR abu ne mai yiwuwa a cikin wasu motoci azaman ƙarin kayan aiki, amma don wannan tsarin shaye-shaye na atomatik yana buƙatar sabuntawa. Tsarin kanta yana aiki a matakai uku.

Matakan tsaftace iskar gas

Lokacin da mai ya ƙone a cikin silinda, a shaye shaye tsarin rarraba gas yana buɗe shafunan shaye shaye. Piston yana tura kayayyakin konewa cikin shaye da yawa... Sannan iskar gas ya shiga cikin matatar mai, wanda a ciki ake kiyaye toshiya. Wannan shine farkon matakin tsabtace sharar.

Ruwan, an riga an tsabtace shi daga toka, yana fita daga matatar kuma an nufi shi zuwa ga mai haɓaka (wasu samfuran toka sun dace da mai haɓaka a cikin gida ɗaya), inda za a rage gas ɗin shaye shaye. A wannan matakin, har sai iskar gas mai zafi ta shiga cikin tsaka-tsakin, ana fesa maganin urea a cikin bututun.

1. ICE; 2. Rukunin sarrafawa; 3. Reagent tanki; 4.DPF tace; 5. Sashin shayar da aka tsaftace wani; 6. Alurar fitsari; 7. Kamfanin SCR.

Tunda rafin har yanzu yana da zafi sosai, ruwan nan da nan sai ya ƙafe kuma ammonia ya fito daga abu. Aikin babban zazzabi shima yana samar da isocyanic acid. A wannan gaba, ammoniya yana aiki tare da nitric oxide. Wannan aikin yana lalata wannan gas mai cutarwa kuma yana samar da nitrogen da ruwa.

Mataki na uku yana faruwa a cikin mai haɓaka kansa. Yana sanya sauran abubuwa masu guba. Daga nan kwararar tana zuwa wurin almara kuma an sallameta cikin yanayin.

Dogaro da nau'in injin da tsarin shaye-shaye, tsaka tsaki zai bi irin wannan ƙa'idar, amma shigarwar kanta na iya zama daban.

Ruwan ruwa

Wasu masu ababen hawa suna da tambaya: idan urea ta fito ne daga mahimmin aikin dabbobin duniya, shin zai yiwu a yi irin wannan ruwa da kanku? A ka'ida, yana yiwuwa, amma masana'antun ba su ba da shawarar yin hakan. Maganin urea da aka yi a gida ba zai cika ingancin buƙatun don amfani da inji ba.

Kuma akwai dalilai da yawa don wannan:

1. Urea, wanda galibi ake haɗa shi da takin mai ma'adinai da yawa, ana iya ɗauka a matsayin madadin don ƙirƙirar mafita. Amma ba zaku iya zuwa shagon noma mafi kusa don siyan shi ba. Dalilin shi ne cewa ana amfani da ƙwayoyin taki da wani abu na musamman wanda ke hana babban kayan abu yin abinci. Wannan maganin reagent din yana da illa ga sinadarai na tsarin tsarkake kayayyakin konewa. Idan kun shirya mafita dangane da wannan taki na ma'adinai, shigarwar zata kasa da sauri. Babu wani tsarin tacewa da zai iya fitar da wannan sinadarin mai cutarwa.
2. Samar da takin mai ma'adinai yana da alaƙa da amfani da biuret (taro na ƙarshe na wannan mai ba da labari na iya ƙunsar kusan kashi 1.6 cikin ɗari). Kasancewar wannan sinadarin zai rage tsawon rayuwar mai musayar kayan. Saboda wannan dalili, yayin kera AdBlue, a ƙarshe, ƙaramin juzu'i ne na biuret (bai fi kashi 0.3 cikin ɗari na yawan juzu'i ba) na iya kasancewa cikin abubuwan da ya ƙunsa.
3. Maganin kanta an halicce shi ne ta hanyar ruwan da aka lalata (gishirin ma'adinai ya toshe zumar mahaɗan, wanda hakan ke hanzarta cire shi daga aiki). Kodayake farashin wannan ruwan yana da ƙasa, idan kun ƙara farashin takin ma'adinai da kuma lokacin da aka yi don yin maganin farashinsa, farashin abin da aka gama ba zai bambanta da yawa daga analog ɗin masana'antu ba. Aari da reagent da aka shirya a gida yana da lahani ga motar.

Wata tambaya ta gama gari game da amfani da urea don injunan dizal - ana iya tsarma shi da ruwa saboda tattalin arziki? Babu wanda zai hana yin hakan, amma ba za'a iya samun tanadi ta wannan hanyar ba. Dalilin shi ne cewa tsarin bayan shaye yana sanye da na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda biyu waɗanda aka tsara don ƙayyade ƙimar NO a cikin kayayyakin konewa.

Sensoraya daga cikin firikwensin an sanya shi a gaban murhun ɗin, ɗayan kuma a mashigarsa. Na farko yana ƙayyade adadin nitrogen dioxide a cikin iska mai ƙarewa kuma yana kunna tsarin tsaka tsaki. Na'urar haska bayanai ta biyu tana ƙayyade yadda aikin ke gudana yadda ya kamata. Idan tarawar wani abu mai cutarwa a cikin shaye-shaye ya wuce matakin da aka halatta (kashi 32.5 cikin dari), to yana ba da alama cewa adadin urea bai isa ba, kuma tsarin yana ƙara yawan ruwa. Sakamakon narkewar maganin, karin ruwa zai tafi, kuma karin ruwa zai taru a tsarin shaye shaye (yadda za'a magance shi, an bayyana shi daban).

Da kanta, urea yayi kama da lu'ulu'u ne na gishiri waɗanda basa wari. Ana iya narkar da su a cikin kalanda mai narkewa kamar ammonia, methanol, chloroform, da sauransu. Hanya mafi aminci ga lafiyar ɗan adam shine narkewa a cikin ruwa mai narkewa (ma'adanai waɗanda suke wani ɓangare na ruwa na yau da kullun zasu samar da kuɗi a kan saƙar zuma mai haɓaka).

Saboda amfani da sunadarai wajen shirya maganin, ci gaban urea ana aiwatar da shi a ƙarƙashin kulawa ko tare da amincewar theungiyar Masana'antar Mota (VDA).

Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani

Amfani mafi mahimmanci na amfani da urea a cikin injunan dizal shi ne ƙarin cikakkiyar cire abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ake fitarwa yayin ƙona mai na dizal. Wannan ruwan yana bawa abin hawa damar yin daidai da ma'aunin muhalli har zuwa Euro6 (wannan yana shafar halaye naúrar kanta da yanayin fasaha).

Babu wani daga cikin kayan aikin injin da yake canzawa, saboda haka duk wata fa'ida ta amfani da urea tana da alaƙa ne kawai da lahani da hayaƙi da ke fitarwa da kuma sakamakon da zai biyo baya. Misali, yayin tsallaka iyakar Turai, mai abin hawa ba zai biya haraji mai yawa ko tarar ba idan tsarin a ƙasar ya daina aiki.

Refuel ba shi da yawa. Matsakaicin amfani kusan 100 ml. na kilomita 100. Koyaya, wannan alama ce ga motar fasinja. Gwanin mai lita 20 yawanci ya isa kilomita dubu 20. Game da motar kuwa, matsakaiciyar abincin urea a ciki ya kai lita 1.5 a kowace kilomita 100. Ya dogara da ƙarar mota.

Ana iya zub da sinadarin kai tsaye a cikin tankin da ke cikin sashin injin ɗin, ko a cikin wata wuya ta musamman da ke kusa da ramin tankin tankin mai.

Duk da bayyananniyar fa'ida ta tsarin kirkire-kirkire, tana da adadi mai yawa. Bari muyi la'akari da su don sauƙaƙe don sanin ko ayi amfani da wannan tsaka tsaki ko a'a:

• Idan tsarin tsarin ya kasa, gyara ta zai yi tsada;
• Don tsaka tsaki mai tasiri, ya zama dole a yi amfani da mai mai inganci (ƙarancin dizal mai ƙanshi);
• Babban hasara ba shi da alaƙa da tsarin kanta, amma tare da adadi mai yawa na jabu a kasuwar CIS (kusan rabin kayan da aka sayar na jabu ne);
• Kasancewar tsarin tsaka tsaki yana sanya abin hawa tsada;
• Toari da mai da man dizal, kuna buƙatar saka idanu kan AdBlue;
• Aikin urea yana da rikitarwa saboda gaskiyar cikin tsananin sanyi (-11 digiri) yana daskarewa. Saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da dumama na ruwa a cikin sauye-sauye da yawa;
• Ruwan yana aiki kuma yana iya haifar da ƙonewa ko jin haushi idan ya taɓa hannun hannu. Idan hannun da ba shi da kariya ya sadu da abu, wanda yawanci haka lamarin yake a lokacin da ake shan mai daga babban bututun ruwa, dole ne a wanke ruwan sosai;
• A cikin yankin CIS, akwai yan tashoshin cika kaɗan inda, idan ya cancanta, zaku iya cika ƙarin adadin urea mai inganci. A saboda wannan dalili, kuna buƙatar siyan ruwa tare da gefe kuma ɗauke da shi idan kuna shirin tafiya mai nisa;
• Ruwan yana dauke da sinadarin ammonia, wanda idan aka fitar dashi, yakan cutar da hanyoyin numfashin dan adam.

Idan aka ba da irin wannan dama, yawancin masu ababen hawa sun yanke shawarar kashe wannan tsarin.

Yadda za a musaki

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kashe tsakaitaccen iskar gas mai ƙarancin mai:

1. Daskare tsarin. Kafin amfani da wannan hanyar, kuna buƙatar tabbatar cewa SCR ba shi da kuskure a cikin kayan lantarki. An sake tsara layin domin na'urar lantarki ta fassara ta kamar dai urea ta daskarewa. A wannan yanayin, ƙungiyar sarrafawa ba ta kunna famfo har sai tsarin ya "daskarewa". Wannan hanyar ta dace da na'urorin da basa samar da dumama yanayi.
2. Rufe software. A wannan yanayin, ƙungiyar walƙiya ta haskaka ko an yi wasu gyare-gyare don aiki da tsarin lantarki.
3. Girkawa da emulator. A wannan yanayin, an cire SCR daga kewayawar lantarki, don haka rukunin sarrafawa ba ya gyara kuskuren, ana haɗa emulator na musamman na dijital maimakon haka, wanda ke aika siginar cewa tsarin yana aiki daidai. A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin injin ba ya canzawa.

Kafin ci gaba tare da cire haɗin tsaka tsaki, yana da mahimmanci a tuntuɓi ƙwararren masani, saboda kowane ɗayan shari'ar na iya samun nasa nuances. Koyaya, a cewar marubucin wannan bita, me yasa za a sayi mota mai tsada don kashe wani abu a ciki, sannan a biya kuɗi don gyara tsada saboda irin wannan tsoma bakin?

Ari akan haka, muna ba da ɗan gajeren bita game da aikin ɗayan nau'ikan tsarin SCR:

Tsarin SCR, yadda AdBlue ke aiki

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene urea don injin dizal? Wani abu ne da ake karawa don kawar da iskar gas mai cutarwa a cikin sharar injin diesel. Ana buƙatar wannan tsarin don biyan ma'aunin Euro4 - Euro6 eco.

Ta yaya urea ke aiki akan dizal? A cikin tsarin dumama da sinadarai, urea ammonia yana amsawa da nitrogen oxide (gas mafi cutarwa a cikin konewar man dizal), yana haifar da samuwar nitrogen da ruwa.