Injin inji. Menene

A cikin aikin samar da motoci, injiniyoyi suna tunani ba kawai game da ƙaddamar da fasahar zamani ba, bayyanar zamani da aminci na farko. A yau, injunan konewa na cikin gida na kera motoci suna ƙoƙarin yin ƙasa da samun ƙarin inganci. Gabatarwar injin supercharger yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyin - don "matsi" matsakaicin, har ma daga ƙaramin injin 3-Silinda.

Mene ne kwampreso na inji, yadda aka tsara shi da aiki, menene amfaninsa da rashin amfaninsa - bari muyi magana game da wannan daga baya.

Menene supercharger na inji

Mai injin busa wani inji ne wanda yake bayar da iska da karfi a matsin lamba don kara yawan cakuda mai-iska. Ana motsa kwampreso ne ta juyawa na jujjuyawar kwanya, a matsayin mai doka, ana amfani da na'urar ta hanyar bel. Airarfafa iska tare da turbocharger na injiniya yana ba da ƙarin 30-50% na ƙarfin da aka ƙayyade (ba tare da damfara ba).

Ka'idar aiki na matsin lamba na inji

Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in zane ba, duk masu busawa an tsara su don matse iska. Mai kwampreso yana farawa da zaran motar ta fara. Crankshaft, ta hanyar motsawa, yana watsa karfin juzu'i zuwa kwampreso, kuma hakan, ta hanyar juya sanduna ko rotors, yana matse iska mai shan iska, da tilas ya ciyar da shi a cikin injinan silinda. Af, saurin aiki na kwampreso ya nunka saurin injin crankshaft na cikin gida. Matsawar da compressor ya kirkira na iya zama na ciki (an ƙirƙira shi a cikin naúrar kanta) da waje (an ƙirƙiri matsa lamba a layin fitarwa).

Injin matsin lamba na inji

Tsarin tuki na yau da kullun yana kunshe da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• kai tsaye kwampreso;
• bawul;
• bawul kewaye da damper;
• matatar iska;
• firikwensin matsa lamba;
• mai auna firikwensin zafin jiki na iska mai yawa; da cikakkiyar firikwensin matsa lamba.

Af, ga compressors wanda matsa lamba na aiki bai wuce 0,5 mashaya ba, ba a buƙatar shigarwa na intercooler - ya isa ya inganta tsarin sanyi na yau da kullum da kuma samar da shigarwar sanyi a cikin zane.

Ana sarrafa abun hura iska ta yanayin matsewa. Lokacin da injin ke aiki, akwai yuwuwar matsi a cikin tsarin cin abinci, wanda da sannu zai haifar da matsalar kwampreso, don haka an samar da abin rufe hanya anan. Wasu daga wannan iska suna komawa zuwa kwampreso.

Idan tsarin sanye take da wani intercooler, da mataki na iska matsawa zai zama mafi girma saboda rage yawan zafin jiki ta 10-15 digiri. Ƙananan yawan zafin jiki na iska, mafi kyawun tsarin konewa yana faruwa, an cire abin da ya faru na fashewa, injin zai yi aiki sosai. 

Nau'ikan tuƙin injina

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na amfani da kwampreso na injiniya, masana'antun mota sun yi amfani da nau'ikan tuki iri-iri, wato:

• kai tsaye drive - kai tsaye daga m alkawari tare da crankshaft flange;
• bel. Nau'in da ya fi kowa. Za a iya amfani da bel mai dunƙule, ɗamara mai santsi da bel. An lura da tuki tare da saurin bel na bel, da kuma yiwuwar zamewa, musamman akan injin sanyi;
• sarkar - kama da bel, amma yana da lahani na ƙara yawan amo;
• gear - akwai kuma amo da yawa da kuma girman girman tsarin.

Centrifugal kwampreso

Ire-iren compresos na inji

Kowane ɗayan nau'ikan masu hura wuta yana da kayan aikin mutum, kuma akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan su uku:

• centrifugal kwampreso. Nau'in da ya fi kowa, wanda yayi kama da turbocharger gas (katantanwa). Yana amfani da impeller, jujjuyawar saurinsa ya kai 60 rpm. Iska ta shiga tsakiyar tsakiya na kwampreso a babban sauri da ƙananan matsa lamba, kuma a wurin fitowar hoton yana juyawa - ana ba da iska zuwa ga cylinders a babban matsa lamba, amma a cikin ƙananan gudu. A cikin motoci na zamani, ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in caja mai girma tare da turbocharger don kauce wa turbo lag. A ƙananan gudu da yanayi na wucin gadi, "katantanwa" drive zai ba da iska mai matsa lamba;
• dunƙule. Babban abubuwan tsarin su ne skru guda biyu (skru) da aka sanya a layi daya. Iskar da ke shiga cikin kwampreso, ta farko ta ratsa cikin faffadan bangare, sannan ta matsa saboda jujjuyawar skru guda biyu da ke juyewa ciki. An shigar da su a kan motoci masu tsada, kuma farashin irin wannan compressor kanta yana da yawa - rikitarwa na ƙira da tasiri yana tasiri;
• cam (Tushen) Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan motocin caji na farko da aka girka akan injunan kera motoci. Tushen wasu rotors ne guda biyu tare da sashin bayanan martaba mai rikitarwa. Yayin aiki, iska tana motsawa tsakanin cams da bangon gidaje, don haka matsawa. Babban hasara shine samuwar matsin lamba mai yawa, sabili da haka, ƙirar ta ba da damar haɗakar lantarki don sarrafa kwampreso, ko bawul kewaye.

Dunƙule kwampreso

Ana iya samun injin komputa a kan injinan sanannun masana'antun: Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Cadillac da sauran su. Ana shigar da su akan manyan injuna, ko kuma a cikin ƙaramin mota a haɗe tare da injin turbin da ke amfani da makamashin gas.

Compressor Tushen

Fa'idodi da rashin amfani da kewayawar supercharger mai inji

Amma ga rashin amfani:

• fitar da kwampreso ta hanyar tuki daga crankshaft, ta hakan supercharger ya dauke wani bangare na wutar, kodayake ya samu nasarar biyansa;
• babban amo, musamman a matsakaici da sauri;
• a matsin lamba na fiye da sandar 5, ya zama dole a canza fasalin injin ɗin (shigar da piston mai ƙarfi tare da sanduna masu haɗawa, rage ƙwanƙwasa matsewa ta hanyar shigar da katako mai kaurin silinda, ɗora mai ɗaukar hoto);
• rashin ingancin kwastomomi masu matsakaicin matsakaita.

A kan cancanta:

• barga karfin juyi riga daga rago;
• ikon sarrafa mota ba tare da buƙatar samun saurin injin sama da matsakaici ba;
• aikin barga a babban gudun;
• dangane da turbocharger, masu busa suna da rahusa da sauki a kiyaye, kuma babu bukatar sake fasalin tsarin mai don samar da mai zuwa kwampreso.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Yaya na'urar busa injina ke aiki? Gidan busa yana da diffuser. Yayin da injin ke jujjuyawa, ana tsotse iska kuma a nufo shi zuwa ga mai watsawa. Daga nan sai ya shiga cikin rami mai cinye wannan iska.

Menene injin busa da aka yi niyya da shi kuma ta yaya yake aiki? Wannan naúrar inji tana danne gas ɗin ba tare da sanyaya shi ba. Dangane da nau'in busawa (tsarin tsarin tattara gas), yana iya haifar da matsin lamba sama da 15 kPa.

Wane irin busa ne akwai? Mafi yawan masu busawa sune centrifugal. Hakanan akwai dunƙule, cam da fistan rotary. Kowannen su yana da nasa halaye na aiki da matsi da ake samu.