Gwajin Juyin Audi Engine - Kashi na 1: 1.8 TFSI

Matsakaicin raka'o'in tuƙi na alamar shine ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin samar da fasahar fasaha mai ban mamaki.

Jerin jerin motocin da suka fi ban sha'awa na kamfanin

Idan muna neman misalin dabarun tattalin arziki na gaba wanda ke tabbatar da dorewar kamfanin, to Audi na iya zama kyakkyawan misali a wannan batun. A cikin 70s, da wuya kowa zai iya tunanin gaskiyar cewa yanzu kamfani daga Ingolstadt zai zama mai gasa daidai da wannan sunan da aka kafa kamar Mercedes-Benz. Ana iya samun amsar dalilan a cikin taken taken "Ci gaba ta hanyar fasaha", wanda shine tushen nasarar ƙetare hanya mai wahala zuwa ɓangaren ƙima. Yankin da babu wanda ke da ikon yin sulhu kuma yana ba da mafi kyawun. Abin da Audi da wasu tsirarun kamfanoni kawai za su iya ba su tabbacin cewa suna buƙatar samfuran su da cin nasarar irin wannan sigogi, amma kuma babban nauyi, yana buƙatar motsi akai -akai a gefen reza na fasaha.

A matsayin wani ɓangare na VW Group, Audi yana da damar yin amfani da cikakkiyar damar damar ci gaban babban kamfani. Ko wace irin matsala da VW ke da ita, tare da kashe R&D na shekara-shekara na kusan Euro biliyan 10, ƙungiyar tana kan gaba a jerin kamfanoni 50 da suka fi saka hannun jari a wannan fanni, a gaban manyan kamfanoni kamar Samsung Electronics, Microsoft, Intel da Toyota (inda wannan ƙimar ta kai. fiye da Euro biliyan 7). Da kanta, Audi yana kusa da BMW a cikin waɗannan sigogi, tare da jarin su na Yuro biliyan 4,0. Duk da haka, wani ɓangare na kudaden da aka zuba a Audi ya zo a kaikaice daga babban asusun kungiyar VW, tun da sauran abubuwan da suka faru suna amfani da su. Daga cikin manyan wuraren wannan aikin akwai fasahohi don samar da sifofin haske, na'urorin lantarki, watsawa da, ba shakka, tuƙi. Kuma yanzu mun zo ga ainihin wannan abu, wanda shine ɓangare na jerin mu, wanda ke wakiltar mafita na zamani a fagen injunan konewa na ciki. Koyaya, a matsayin babban yanki na VW, Audi kuma yana haɓaka takamaiman layin wutar lantarki wanda aka tsara da farko ko na musamman don motocin Audi, kuma zamu gaya muku game da su anan.

1.8 TFSI: samfurin babban fasaha ta kowane fanni

Tarihin Audi na injunan silsilar TFSI mai layi-huɗu ya koma tsakiyar 2004, lokacin da aka saki turbocharger na farko na EA113 na duniya kai tsaye a matsayin 2.0 TFSI. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, fasalin Audi S3 mai ƙarfi ya bayyana. Addamar da ƙirar ƙirar EA888 tare da motar camshaft tare da sarkar kusan fara a 2003, jim kaɗan kafin gabatarwar EA113 tare da bel na lokaci.

Duk da haka, EA888 an gina shi daga ƙasa zuwa sama a matsayin injiniyar duniya don ƙungiyar VW. An gabatar da ƙarni na farko a cikin 2007 (kamar 1.8 TFSI da 2.0 TFSI); tare da gabatarwar Audi Valvelift m bawul tsarin lokaci da kuma matakan da yawa don rage rikici na ciki, an lura da ƙarni na biyu a cikin 2009, kuma ƙarni na uku (2011 TFSI da 1.8 TFSI) sun biyo baya a ƙarshen 2.0. Silinda EA113 da EA888 jerin sun sami nasara mai ban mamaki ga Audi, inda suka sami lambobin yabo na manyan injiniyoyi na duniya guda goma da 10 Mafi kyawun Injini. Ayyukan injiniyoyin shine ƙirƙirar injin na'ura mai mahimmanci tare da ƙaura na 1,8 da 2,0 lita, wanda aka daidaita don duka biyun da ke jujjuyawa da shigarwa na tsayi, tare da raguwar rikice-rikice na ciki da hayaki mai mahimmanci, saduwa da sabbin buƙatu, gami da Euro 6, tare da ingantaccen aiki. juriya da rage nauyi. Dangane da EA888 Generation 3, an ƙirƙiri EA888 Generation 3B kuma an gabatar da shi a bara, yana aiki akan ƙa'ida mai kama da ƙa'idar Miller. Za mu yi magana game da wannan a gaba.

Wannan duk yana da kyau, amma kamar yadda za mu gani, yana ɗaukar aikin ci gaba da yawa don cimma shi. Godiya ga karuwar karfin daga 250 zuwa 320 Nm idan aka kwatanta da wanda ya gabace shi na lita 1,8, masu zanen kaya yanzu za su iya canza ma'aunin kayan aiki zuwa tsayin daka, wanda kuma yana rage yawan amfani da mai. Babbar gudummawa ga ƙarshen ita ce muhimmiyar hanyar fasaha, wanda wasu kamfanoni suka yi amfani da su. Waɗannan bututun shaye ne da aka haɗa cikin kai, waɗanda ke ba da ikon isa ga zafin aiki da sauri da sanyin iskar da ke ƙarƙashin babban nauyi da kuma guje wa buƙatar wadatar da cakuda. Irin wannan maganin yana da matukar ma'ana, amma kuma yana da matukar wahala a aiwatar da shi, idan aka yi la'akari da babban bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin ruwaye a bangarorin biyu na bututun mai tarawa. Koyaya, fa'idodin kuma sun haɗa da yuwuwar ƙirar ƙira mai ƙima, wanda, ban da rage nauyi, yana ba da garantin gajeriyar hanya mafi kyau ga iskar gas zuwa injin turbine da ƙaramin ƙaramin tsari don cikawa da sanyaya iska mai matsa lamba. A ka'ida, wannan kuma yana sauti na asali, amma aiwatar da aiwatarwa shine ainihin ƙalubale ga ƙwararrun simintin gyare-gyare. Don jefa kan silinda mai rikitarwa, suna ƙirƙirar tsari na musamman ta amfani da zuciyoyin ƙarfe 12.

M sanyi sanyaya

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci wajen rage yawan amfani da mai ana haɗuwa da aikin kaiwa zafin jiki na aiki na mai sanyaya. Tsarin kulawa da hankali na karshen yana ba shi damar dakatar da zagayawa gaba daya har sai ya kai zafin da yake aiki, kuma idan hakan ya faru, ana kula da yawan zafin jiki koyaushe dangane da injin injin. Tsara yanki wanda ruwan sanyi ke ambaliyar bututun shaye shaye, inda akwai babban ɗan tudu a yanayin zafi, babban kalubale ne. Saboda wannan, an kirkiro samfurin kwastomomi mai rikitarwa, gami da adadin gas / aluminum / coolant. Dangane da keɓantaccen ɗumi na ɗumi na ruwa a cikin wannan yanki da kuma buƙata ta gaba ɗaya don ƙarancin zafin jiki mafi kyau, ana amfani da ƙirar sarrafa polymer rotor, wanda ya maye gurbin thermostat na gargajiya. Don haka, a matakin dumama, an toshe jujjuyawar abin sanyaya kwata-kwata.

Ana rufe dukkan bawuloli na waje kuma ruwan da ke cikin jaket ɗin ya daskare. Ko da gidan yana buƙatar zafi a cikin yanayin sanyi, ba a kunna wurare dabam dabam ba, amma ana amfani da kewayawa na musamman tare da ƙarin famfo na lantarki, wanda ke gudana a kusa da ma'auni. Wannan bayani yana ba ku damar samar da zafin jiki mai dadi a cikin ɗakin da sauri da sauri, yayin da yake riƙe da ikon yin sauri don dumama injin. Lokacin da bawul ɗin daidai yake buɗe, zazzagewar ruwa mai ƙarfi a cikin injin yana farawa - wannan shine yadda saurin zafin aiki na mai ya kai, bayan haka bawul ɗin na'urar sanyaya ta buɗe. Ana kula da zafin jiki mai sanyaya a cikin ainihin lokaci dangane da nauyi da sauri, kama daga 85 zuwa 107 digiri (mafi girma a ƙananan gudu da kaya) da sunan ma'auni tsakanin rage juzu'i da rigakafin ƙwanƙwasa. Kuma ba haka ba ne - ko da injin ɗin ya kashe, wani famfo na musamman na lantarki yana ci gaba da zagayawa ta wurin sanyaya ta cikin rigar mai tafasa a cikin kai da turbocharger don cire zafi daga gare su da sauri. Ƙarshen baya rinjayar saman rigar don kauce wa saurin hypothermia.

Nozzles biyu a kowace silinda

Musamman ga wannan injin, don isa matakin fitarwa na Yuro 6, Audi yana gabatar da tsarin allura a karon farko tare da nozzles guda biyu a kowace Silinda - ɗaya don allurar kai tsaye da ɗayan don nau'ikan abubuwan sha. Ikon sarrafa allurar a hankali a kowane lokaci yana haifar da mafi kyawun hadawar mai da iska kuma yana rage fitar da iska. An ƙara matsa lamba a sashin allurar kai tsaye daga mashaya 150 zuwa 200. Lokacin da ƙarshen baya gudana, ana kuma zazzage mai ta hanyar haɗin ketare ta hanyar injectors a cikin ma'ajin sha don kwantar da famfo mai matsa lamba.

Lokacin da aka fara injin, ana ɗaukar cakuda ta hanyar allurar kai tsaye, kuma ana yin allura sau biyu don tabbatar da saurin zafin jiki na mai haɓaka. Wannan dabarar tana samarda mafi kyawun hadawa a yanayin zafi ba tare da ambaliyar sassan karfe masu sanyi ba. Hakanan yake game da manyan kaya don kaucewa fashewa. Godiya ga tsarin sanyaya sharar ruwa da yawa da kuma karamin tsarinta, mai yiyuwa ne a yi amfani da turbocharger guda-jet (RHF4 daga IHI) tare da binciken lambda a gabansa da kuma gidan da aka yi da abubuwa masu rahusa.

Wannan yana haifar da matsakaicin karfin karfin 320 Nm a 1400 rpm. Ko da mafi ban sha'awa shine rarraba wutar tare da matsakaicin darajar 160 hp. ana samunsa a 3800 rpm (!) kuma ya kasance a wannan matakin har zuwa 6200 rpm tare da gagarumar damar don ƙarin ƙaruwa (don haka girka sigogi daban-daban na 2.0 TFSI, wanda ke ƙaruwa matakin ƙwanƙwasa a cikin manyan rpm ragin). Don haka, ƙaruwar ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da wanda ya gabace shi (da kashi 12 cikin 22) yana tare da raguwar amfani da mai (da kashi XNUMX cikin ɗari).

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Rubutu: Georgy Kolev