Lamborghini

Abun ciki Wanda ya kafa Alamar Tarihi na alamar mota a cikin samfuri Tambayoyi da amsoshi: A tsawon tsawon rayuwar sa, wanda ke da kusan shekaru 57, kamfanin Lamborghini na Italiya, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na babbar damuwa, ya sami suna a matsayin alamar duniya wanda ke haifar da haɓaka. girmamawa ga fafatawa a gasa da kuma jin dadin magoya na m iri-iri model - daga roadsters zuwa SUVs. Kuma wannan duk da gaskiyar cewa samarwa ya fara kusan daga karce kuma yana kan gab da tsayawa sau da yawa. Muna ba ku don bin tarihin ci gaba na ci gaba mai nasara wanda ya danganta sunayen samfuran tarinsa tare da sunayen shahararrun bijimai da ke shiga cikin tashin hankali. Mahaliccin motocin wasanni masu ban mamaki da ra'ayinsa sun fara la'akari da mahaukaci, amma Ferruccio Lamborghini ba shi da sha'awar ra'ayoyin wasu. Ya kasance mai taurin kai ya bi mafarkinsa kuma a ƙarshe ya gabatar da duniya tare da samfurin na musamman da kyau, wanda daga baya ya inganta, ya canza, amma a lokaci guda ya riƙe wani zane na musamman. Tunanin kirkira na bude kofofin almakashi a tsaye, wanda yanzu haka masu kera motocin motsa jiki ke amfani da shi, ana kiransa "kofofin lambo" kuma ya zama alamar kasuwanci ce ta alama ta kasar Italiya mai nasara. Kudin hannun jari Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A Karkashin kulawar Audi AG, wani bangare ne na babbar damuwar Volkswagen AG, amma yana da hedkwatarsa ​​a karamar lardin Sant'Agata Bolognese, wanda ke cikin yankin gudanarwa na Emilia-Romagna. Kuma wannan yana da nisan kilomita 15 daga birnin Maranello, inda shahararriyar masana'antar motoci ta Ferrari ta ke. Da farko dai, ba a haɗa kera motocin fasinja cikin shirin Lamborghini ba. Kamfanin ya tsunduma ne kawai a cikin haɓaka injinan noma, kuma kaɗan daga baya, kayan aikin sanyi na masana'antu. Amma tun daga 60s na karni na karshe, jagorancin masana'anta ya canza sosai, wanda shine farkon sakin manyan motoci masu sauri. Canjin kafa kamfanin na Ferruccio Lamborghini ne, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin babban dan kasuwa mai nasara. Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. tarihin farashi Mayu 1963 yayi la'akari. Nasarar ta zo nan da nan bayan da aka saki kwafin farko, wanda ya shiga cikin nunin Turin a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar. Samfurin Lamborghini 350 GT ne wanda ya shiga cikin jerin samarwa kasa da shekara guda. Prototype Lamborghini 350 GT Ba da da ewa ba, ba kasa da ban sha'awa model Lamborghini 400 GT aka saki, high tallace-tallace daga abin da ya sa ya yiwu a ci gaba da Lamborghini Miura, wanda ya zama wani irin "kira katin" na iri. Lamborghini ya fuskanci matsalolin farko a cikin 70s, lokacin da wanda ya kafa Lamborghini ya sayar da rabonsa na wanda ya kafa (samar da tarakta) ga masu fafatawa - Fiat. Dokar dai tana da nasaba da gazawar kwangilar, bisa ga yadda Kudancin Amurka ta dauki nauyin karbar manyan motoci. Taraktoci karkashin alamar Lamborghini yanzu Same Deutz-Fahr Group SpA ne ke samar da su Shekaru saba'in na karni na karshe ya kawo babban nasara da riba ga masana'antar Ferruccio. Duk da haka, ya yanke shawarar sayar da haƙƙoƙin wanda ya kafa shi, na farko (51%) ga mai saka hannun jari na Switzerland Georges-Henri Rosetti, sauran kuma ga ɗan uwansa René Leimer. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa dalilin da ya sa shi ne m hali na magaji - Tonino Lamborghini - ga samar da motoci. A halin da ake ciki, matsalar man fetur da matsalar kudi a duniya ya tilasta sauya masu kamfanin Lamborghini. An samu raguwar kwastomomi saboda tsaikon da ake samu a kai, wanda kuma ya dogara da kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su, wadanda kuma suka gaza cika wa’adin. Don inganta yanayin kuɗi, an kulla yarjejeniya da BMW, bisa ga Lamborghini, ya ɗauki nauyin gyaran motocinsu na wasanni da kuma yin aiki. Amma kamfanin ya ɗan yi ɗan gajeren lokaci don "foster", saboda ƙarin kulawa da kuɗi an sadaukar da shi ga sabon samfurin Cheetah (Cheetah). Amma har yanzu kwangilar ta karye, duk da cewa an kammala kera da tace BMW. Magada Lamborghini dole ne su gabatar da takardar neman fatara a 1978. Ta hanyar yanke shawara na kotun Ingila, an ƙaddamar da kasuwancin don yin gwanjo kuma Swiss - 'yan'uwan Mimram, masu kamfanin Mimran Group sun saya. Kuma tuni a cikin 1987 Lamborghini ya karɓi Chrysler (Chrysler). Shekaru bakwai bayan haka, ko da wannan mai saka jari ba zai iya jure wa nauyin kuɗi ba, kuma bayan ya canza wani mai shi, an karɓi masana'antar Italiyanci a cikin babban damuwa na Volkswagen AG a matsayin wani ɓangare na Audi mai tsayi. Godiya ga Ferruccio Lamborghini, duniya ta ga manyan motoci na musamman na ƙirar ƙira waɗanda har yanzu ana sha'awarsu. An yi imani da cewa kawai wasu zaɓaɓɓu, masu nasara da masu dogara da kansu, za su iya zama masu mota. A cikin shekara ta 12 na sabuwar karni, an rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya tsakanin kungiyar Burevestnik da Rasha Lamborghini Rasha kan amincewa da dillalan hukuma na karshen. Yanzu an buɗe cibiyar sabis a cikin Tarayyar Rasha a madadin wani sanannen alama tare da damar ba kawai don sanin duk tarin Lamborghini ba da siyan / oda samfurin da aka zaɓa, amma har ma da siyan kayan kwalliya na musamman, kayan haɗi daban-daban da kayan gyara. Founder Ƙananan bayani: a cikin Rashanci, ana yawan ambaton kamfanin a cikin sautin "Lamborghini", mai yiwuwa saboda an jawo hankali ga harafin "g" (ji), amma wannan furci ba daidai ba ne. Nahawun Italiyanci, amma, kamar yadda a wasu lokuta Turanci, ya ba da damar yin la'akari da haɗin haruffan "gh" a matsayin sautin "g". Don haka, lafazin Lamborghini shine kawai zaɓi daidai. Ferruccio Lamborghini (Afrilu 28.04.1916, XNUMX - 20.02.1993/XNUMX/XNUMX) An sani cewa mahaliccin na musamman brands na wasanni motoci tun lokacin yaro ya sha'awar asirin aiki na daban-daban hanyoyin. Ba kasancewar babban masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ba, mahaifinsa Antonio duk da haka ya nuna hikimar iyaye kuma ya shirya ƙaramin bita ga matashin a cikin gonarsa. Anan, wanda ya kafa sanannen kamfanin Lamborghini a nan gaba ya ƙware mahimman abubuwan ƙira kuma har ma ya sami nasarar ƙirƙira hanyoyin nasara. A hankali Ferruccio ya daukaka kwarewarsa zuwa kwarewa a Makarantar Injiniya ta Bologna, kuma daga baya ya zama makaniki yayin da yake soja. Kuma a ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, Ferruccio ya koma ƙasarsa a lardin Renazzo, inda ya fara sake gina motocin soja zuwa kayan aikin gona. Wani kamfani mai nasara ya nuna farkon bude kasuwancinsa, don haka kamfani na farko mallakar Ferruccio Lamborghini ya bayyana - Lamborghini Trattori SpA, wanda ya saki tarakta gaba daya wanda wani matashin dan kasuwa ya tsara. Tambarin da aka sani - bijimin fada a kan garkuwa - ya bayyana kusan nan da nan, har ma a kan tarakta na farko na nasa zane. Tractor wanda Ferruccio Lamborghini ya ƙirƙira Ƙarshen shekarun 40 ya zama mahimmanci ga ɗan kasuwa-mai ƙirƙira. Farawa mai nasara shine dalilin yin tunani game da tushe na kamfani na biyu. Kuma a 1960, samar da dumama kayan aiki da sanyaya masana'antu kayan aiki - kamfanin Lamborghini Bruciatori. Nasarar mai ban mamaki ya kawo wadatar da ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ya ba daya daga cikin manyan 'yan kasuwa na Italiya damar kafa garejin nasa tare da mafi tsadar motocin wasanni: Jaguar E-type, Maserati 3500GT, Mercedes-Benz 300SL. Amma fi so na tarin ya kasance Ferrari 250 GT, wanda akwai da dama kofe a cikin gareji. Tare da duk ƙaunarsa ga motocin wasanni masu tsada, Ferruccio ya gani a cikin kowane zane rashin daidaituwa wanda yake so ya gyara. Saboda haka, ra'ayin ya taso don ƙirƙirar mota cikakke kuma na musamman na samar da namu. Shaidu da yawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa rigima da wani sanannen mai kera motocin tsere, Enzo Ferrari, ya sa maigidan ya yanke shawara mai tsanani a waɗannan shekarun. Duk da sadaukarwar da ya yi kan motar da ya fi so, Ferruccio ya yi ta yin gyare-gyare akai-akai, kuma ya gaya wa masu kera motocin wasanni game da hakan. Da yake shi mutum ne mai zafin rai, Enzo ya mayar da martani da kakkausar murya, cikin ruhin "kula da taraktocin ku idan ba ku fahimci komai ba game da hanyoyin mota na tsere." Abin baƙin ciki (ga Ferrari), Lamborghini shi ma dan Italiya ne, kuma irin wannan magana ta kama Super-Ego, saboda ya san abubuwa da yawa game da motoci. A fusace da gaske, maigidan, bayan ya koma garejin, ya yanke shawarar da kansa ya tantance dalilin rashin aikin kama. Da yake kwance na'urar gaba daya, Ferruccio ya sami kamanceceniya tsakanin watsawa da injiniyoyi a cikin taraktocinsa, don haka bai yi masa wahala ba wajen gyara matsalar. Bayan haka, an yanke shawara nan take don cika tsohon mafarkinsa - don ƙirƙirar motarsa ​​mai sauri duk da Enzo Ferrari. Duk da haka, ya yi wa kansa alkawari cewa motocinsa, ba kamar Ferraris ba, ba za su taba shiga gasar tsere ba. An dauki ra'ayinsa mahaukaci, yana yanke shawarar cewa wanda ya kafa Automobili Lamborghini SpA a nan gaba Na yi tunanin tafiya karye. Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, ga mamaki da jin dadin masu lura da ci gaban kamfanin, Lamborghini ya nuna wa duniya irin gagarumin iyawar sa. A cikin duka, wanda ya kafa Emblem Italiyanci manufacturer ba ya neman zuwa jera samar da wuce yarda tsada motoci, da kananan almara Lamborghini ya jagoranci kasuwanci na kimanin shekaru 10, amma ya ci gaba da bin yanke shawara al'amura har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa (1993). . Samfurin ƙarshe da ya gani shine Lamborghini Diablo na 1990, wanda aka tsara don masu buƙatu da masu arziki. Wannan ra'ayin, watakila, an saka shi a cikin tambarin kamfanin, wanda ke nuna ikon ban mamaki, ƙarfi da amincewa da kai. Alamar ta canza da ɗan launi har sai ta sami sigar ƙarshe - bijimin yaƙi na zinare akan bangon baki. An yi imani da cewa Ferruccio Lamborghini kansa shi ne marubucin ra'ayin. Wataƙila an taka rawa ta alamar zodiac wanda aka haifi maigidan (28.04.1916/XNUMX/XNUMX). - alamar Taurus). Bugu da kari, ya kasance babban mai son fadan bijimi. An damke gindin bijimin da basira a yayin fafatawa da matador. Kuma ana ba da sunayen samfuran don girmama shahararrun toros, waɗanda suka bambanta kansu a cikin yaƙi. Ba ƙaramin alama ba shine haɗin ƙaƙƙarfan dabba mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin injin da Lamborghini ya fara ƙirƙira - tarakta. An sanya bijimin a kan baƙar garkuwa. Akwai sigar da Ferruccio ya “ aro” daga Enzo Ferrari domin ya bata masa rai. Launukan tamburan Ferrari da Lamborghini suna adawa da juna, dokin renon baƙar fata daga alamar motocin Enzo yana tsakiyar garkuwar rawaya. Amma abin da a zahiri Lamborghini ya jagoranta lokacin ƙirƙirar alamar sa ta musamman - yanzu babu wanda zai faɗi tabbas, zai kasance sirrinsa. Tarihin alamar mota a cikin samfura Misalin farko, samfurin Lamborghini 350 GTV, an nuna shi a baje kolin Turin a tsakiyar kaka 1963. Motar ta ɗauki hanzari zuwa 280 km / h, tana da ƙarfin dawakai 347, injin V12 da kuma ɗan ƙaramin kujera mai kujeru biyu. A zahiri watanni shida bayan haka, sigar sigar ta riga ta fara muhawara a Geneva. Lamborghini 350 GTV (1964) Lamborghini 400 GT na gaba, wanda ba shi da ƙarancin nasara, an nuna shi a cikin 1966. Jikinsa an yi shi da aluminum, jikin ya ɗan canza, ƙarfin injin (ikon doki 350) da ƙara (lita 3,9) ya ƙaru. Model Lamborghini 400 GT (1966) The mota da aka samu nasarar sayar da, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a fara zayyana almara Lamborghini Miura model, gabatar da "Kotun viewer" a watan Maris na 1966 a Geneva nuni, da kuma wanda ya zama wani irin. alamar alama. Lamborghini da kansa ne ya nuna wannan samfurin kuma ku ne na 65 a Nunin Mota na Turin. Motar ta bambanta da nau'ikan da suka gabata a wurin da fitilolin mota na gaba suke. Wannan alamar ta kawo alamar duniya shahara. Lamborghini Miura (1966-1969) Kuma bayan shekaru biyu (a cikin 1968) samfurin da aka gyara a cikin Lamborghini Miura P400S, wanda aka sanye take da mafi iko engine. Sun sabunta dashboard, ƙara chrome plating a cikin gilashin, kuma sun sanya tagogin wutar lantarki tare da injin lantarki. Gyara Lamborghini Miura - P400S (1968) A cikin wannan 1968, an saki Lamborghini Islero 400 GT. Sunan alamar yana da alaƙa da bijimin da ya kayar da sanannen matador Manuel Rodriguez a 1947. Lamborghini Islero 400 GT (1968) A wannan shekarar an yi alama ta hanyar sakin Lamborghini Espada, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "bakin matador", ita ce samfurin kujeru huɗu na farko da aka tsara don dangi. Lamborghini Espada (1968) Ƙarfin motoci yana ci gaba da girma, kuma a cikin shekara ta 70, bisa shawarar mai zane Marcello Gandini, ƙananan motar Urraco P250 (2,5 lita) ya bayyana, sannan Lamborghini Jarama 400 GT tare da 12- Injin V4 lita. Lamborghini Urraco P250 (1970) Haqiqa bunƙasa ya faru a cikin 1971, lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri juyin juya halin Lamborghini Countach, wanda daga baya ya zama "guntu" na alamar, wanda yawancin masana'antun supercar suka aro ƙirar ƙofar. An sanye shi da injin V12 Bizzarrini mafi ƙarfi a wancan lokacin tare da ƙarfin dawakai 365, wanda ya ba motar damar ɗaukar saurin gudu zuwa 300 km / h. An kaddamar da motar a cikin jerin shekaru uku bayan haka, bayan da aka sake sabunta tsarin iska bisa ga bukatun aerodynamics, kuma a cikin ingantaccen tsari ya yi gasa sosai tare da Ferrari. Sunan alamar yana hade da mamaki (wannan ita ce faɗakarwa a cikin ɗaya daga cikin yaren Italiyanci a ganin wani abu mai kyau). A cewar wani sigar, "Countach" na nufin "saniya mai tsarki!" Prototype Lamborghini Countach Sa hannu kan kwangila tare da Amurkawa ya ba da damar haɓakawa da gabatar da shi a cikin 1977 a Geneva Motor Show sabuwar dabara - rundunar SUV Lamborghini Cheetah (“Cheetah”) tare da injin Chrysler. Samfurin ya ba da mamaki har ma da mashahuran masu shakka waɗanda ba sa tsammanin wani sabon abu daga kamfanin. Lamborghini Cheetah (1977) Canjin mallaka a cikin 1980 zuwa ƙungiyar Mimran a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Patrick Mimran ya haifar da ƙarin samfura guda biyu: magajin Cheetah mai suna LM001 da mai titin Jalpa. Dangane da iko, LM001 ya zarce wanda ya riga shi: 455 horsepower tare da 12 lita V5,2 engine. Lamborghini Jalpa tare da jikin targa (farkon 80s) Lamborghini LM001 SUV A cikin 1987, kamfanin ya karɓi Chrysler ("Chrysler"). Kuma ba da daɗewa ba, a farkon lokacin hunturu na 1990, alamar a wani nuni a Monte Carlo ya nuna magajin Countach - Diablo tare da injin mafi ƙarfi fiye da LM001 - 492 horsepower tare da ƙarar lita 5,7. Tsawon daƙiƙa 4 motar ta ɗauki gudu daga tsayawar kusan 100 km / h kuma ta haɓaka zuwa 325 km / h. Mabiyi Countach - Lamborghini Diablo (1990) Kuma kusan shekaru shida bayan haka (Disamba 1995) a Bologna Auto Show ya buɗe sigar Diablo mai ban sha'awa tare da saman cirewa. Detachable Lamborghini Diablo (1995) Ma'abucin alamar ta ƙarshe tun 1998 shine Audi, wanda ya karɓi Lamborghini daga hannun mai saka jari na Indonesiya. Kuma a shekarar 2001, bayan Diablo, wani gagarumin gyara format ya bayyana - Murcielago supercar. Shi ne mafi girma samar da mota sanye take da wani 12-Silinda engine. Lamborghini Murcielago (2001) Bugu da ari, a cikin 2003, jerin Gallardo ya biyo baya, wanda aka bambanta ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa. Babban buƙatun wannan ƙirar ya ba da damar samar da ɗan ƙasa da kwafi 11 a cikin shekaru 3000.