Motar ƙonewa tsarin na'urar

Duk injin konewa na ciki wanda ke aiki akan mai ko gas ba zai iya aiki ba tare da tsarin ƙonewa ba. Bari muyi la'akari da menene keɓaɓɓen sa, akan wace ƙa'idar da take aiki, da waɗanne iri.

Menene tsarin kunna motar

Tsarin wuta na mota tare da injin mai shine hanyar lantarki tare da abubuwa da yawa daban-daban wanda aikin dukkanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya dogara da shi. Manufarta ita ce tabbatar da ci gaba da samar da tartsatsin wuta a cikin silinda a cikin abin da iska da mai ke riga an matse shi (bugun matsawa).

Injin Diesel ba shi da nau'in ƙirar gargajiya. A cikin su, kunna wutar cakuda mai-iska tana faruwa ne bisa ga wata ka'ida daban. A cikin silinda, yayin bugun matsawa, ana matse iska har ta kai ga yana zafi har zuwa ƙonewar zafin mai.

A saman matacciyar cibiyar akan bugun matsawa, ana sanya mai a cikin silinda, wanda ya haifar da fashewa. Ana amfani da matosai masu haske don shirya iska a cikin silinda a lokacin sanyi.

Menene tsarin kunnawa?

A cikin injunan ƙone ciki na man fetur, ana buƙatar tsarin ƙonewa don:

• Halittar walƙiya a cikin silinda mai dacewa;
• Kirkirar lokaci (piston yana saman tsakiyar mataccen bugun matsawa, duk an rufe bawuloli);
• Sparkarfin wuta mai isasshen ƙarfin da zai iya ƙone mai ko gas;
• Aikin ci gaba na aiki na dukkan silinda, ya dogara da tsarin aikin ƙungiyar silinda-piston.

Yadda yake aiki

Ba tare da la'akari da nau'in tsarin ba, ka'idar aiki ta kasance iri ɗaya. Mai firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft yana gano lokacin lokacin da fiska a cikin farkon silinda yake a saman matacciyar cibiyar bugun matsawa. Wannan lokacin yana ƙayyade oda na haifar da walƙiya a cikin silinda mai dacewa. Bugu da ari, sashin sarrafawa ko sauyawa ya fara aiki (ya dogara da nau'in tsarin). Ana watsa motsin zuwa na'urar sarrafawa, wanda ke aika sigina zuwa murfin ƙonewa.

Kebul ɗin yana amfani da wasu kuzarin daga batirin kuma yana ƙirƙirar bugun ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi wanda ke zuwa bawul din. Daga can, ana ciyar da halin yanzu zuwa walƙiyar silinda, wanda ke haifar da fitarwa. Dukkanin tsarin suna aiki tare da kunnawa - madannin ya juya zuwa matsayin da ya dace.

Tsarin tsarin ƙone motar

Na'urar tsarin SZ na yau da kullun ya haɗa da:

• Tushen makamashi (baturi);
• Starter gudun ba da sanda
• Ungiyar tuntuɓi a cikin makullin ƙonewa;
• KZ (ajiya ko mai canza makamashi);
• Mai iya aiki;
• Mai Rarrabawa;
• Breaker;
• Wayoyin BB;
• Al'ada wayoyi masu dauke da karancin wuta;
• Spark toshe

Babban nau'in tsarin ƙonewa

Daga cikin dukkan SZ, akwai manyan nau'ikan biyu:

• Saduwa;
• Saduwa.

Ka'idar aiki a cikinsu ba ta canzawa - kewayen lantarki yana haifar da rarraba tasirin lantarki. Sun banbanta da juna ta yadda suke rarrabawa da kuma aiwatar da wani abu ga na'urar aiwatarwa, wanda a ciki ne ake samar da walƙiya.

Akwai kuma transistor (inductor) da kuma tsarin thyristor (capacitor). Sun bambanta da juna a cikin ka'idar ajiyar makamashi. A yanayi na farko, yana taruwa a cikin magnetic murfin murfin, kuma ana amfani da transistors azaman sararin sara. A yanayi na biyu, ana samun kuzari a cikin kwatarniya, kuma thyristor yana aiki ne kamar mai warwarewa. Gyara da aka saba amfani dashi.

Tuntuɓi tsarin ƙonewa

Irin waɗannan tsarin suna da tsari mai sauƙi. A cikin su, wutar lantarki tana gudana daga baturi zuwa murfin. A can, ana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, wanda hakan ke gudana zuwa ga mai rarraba inji. Rarrabawar umarnin isar da sako zuwa ga silinda ya dogara da silinda. Ana yin amfani da motsin ne zuwa toshewar walƙiya mai dacewa.

Tsarin tuntuba sun hada da batir da nau'ikan transistor. A cikin farkon lamarin, akwai maginin inji a cikin gidan mai rarrabawa wanda ya katse da'irar don fitarwa kuma ya rufe da'irar don cajin murfin zagaye biyu (ana cajin firam ɗin farko). Tsarin transistor a maimakon murhun inji yana da transistor wanda yake daidaita lokacin caji.

A cikin tsarin tare da maɓallin inji, an ƙara ƙarfin haɓaka, wanda ke dampens ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin rufewa / buɗewa. A cikin irin waɗannan makircin, an rage ƙimar konawar abokan hulɗa, wanda ke ƙaruwa da rayuwar sabis ɗin na'urar.

Yankin transistor na iya samun transistors daya ko fiye (ya dogara da yawan murfin) waɗanda ke aiki azaman sauyawa a cikin da'irar. Suna kunna ko kashe murfin farko na murfin. A cikin irin waɗannan tsarukan, babu buƙatar mai kwakwalwa saboda iska tana kunna / kashe lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki.

Tsarin tuntuɓar lamba

Duk SZs na irin wannan basu da mai lalata inji. Madadin haka, akwai firikwensin da ke aiki a kan ƙa'idar da ba ta tuntuɓar tasiri. Za a iya amfani da tasiri, zaure ko na'urori masu auna gani azaman na'urar sarrafawa da ke aiki a kan sauya transistor.

Motocin zamani suna sanye da nau'ikan lantarki SZ. A ciki, ana samar da babban ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar wasu na'urorin lantarki. Tsarin aikin microprocessor yana yanke hukunci daidai lokacin ƙonewa daga cakuda-mai.

Ofungiyar tsarin mara ma'amala sun haɗa da:

• Sparkarƙirar haske guda ɗaya. A cikin irin waɗannan tsarin, kowane kyandir an haɗa shi zuwa keɓaɓɓen kewaya. Ofayan fa'idodi na irin waɗannan tsarin shine rufewar silinda ɗaya idan kowane kewaya ya gaza. Sauyawa a cikin waɗannan zane na iya zama a cikin sifa ɗaya ko mutum ɗaya don kowane gajeren da'ira. A cikin wasu ƙirar mota, wannan toshe yana cikin ECU. Irin waɗannan tsarin suna da wayoyi masu fashewa.
• Keɓaɓɓen taya a kan kyandirori (COP). Shigar da gajeren layi a saman toshewar walƙiya ya ba da damar cire wayoyi masu fashewa.
• Sau biyu na walƙiya (DIS). A cikin irin waɗannan tsarin, akwai kyandirori guda biyu a kowane abu. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don shigar da waɗannan sassan: sama da kyandir ko kai tsaye akansa. Amma a lokuta biyun, DIS tana buƙatar kebul mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi.

Don ingantaccen aiki na gyaran lantarki na SZ, ya zama dole a sami ƙarin na'urori masu auna sigina waɗanda ke rikodin alamun da yawa waɗanda ke shafar lokacin ƙonewa, mita da ƙarfin bugun jini. Duk masu nuna alama suna zuwa ECU, wanda ke tsara tsarin ya dogara da saitunan masana'anta.

SZ na lantarki za'a iya sanya shi akan allura da injunan carburetor. Wannan ɗayan fa'idodi ne akan zaɓi na tuntuɓar. Wani fa'ida shine haɓakar rayuwar sabis na yawancin abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin hanyar lantarki.

Babban rashin aiki na tsarin ƙonewa

Yawancin motocin zamani suna sanye da wutar lantarki, saboda ya fi karko fiye da kayan ɗaki na gargajiya. Amma koda mafi daidaitaccen gyara na iya samun nasa kuskuren. Bincike na lokaci-lokaci zai ba ka damar gano rashin ƙarfi a matakan farko. Wannan zai guji gyaran mota mai tsada.

Daga cikin manyan kuskuren SZ shine gazawar ɗayan abubuwan da ke tattare da kewaya lantarki:

• Hanyoyin ƙonewa;
• Kyandir;
• Wayoyin BB.

Yawancin kuskuren ana iya samun su da kansu kuma a kawar da su ta hanyar maye gurbin abin da ya gaza. Sau da yawa ana iya gudanar da rajistan ta amfani da na'urorin da aka yi da kansu wanda zai ba ku damar ƙayyade kasancewar walƙiya ko gajeren lahani. Ana iya gano wasu matsalolin ta hanyar duba gani, misali, lokacin da rufin abubuwan fashewar ya lalace ko kuma ajiyar carbon ya bayyana akan abokan hulda na toshewar walƙiya.

Tsarin ƙonewa zai iya kasa saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

• Sabis mara kyau - rashin bin ƙa'idodi ko ƙarancin ingancin dubawa;
• Rashin aiki da abin hawa, alal misali, amfani da mai mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, ko ɓangarorin da ba za a iya dogara da su ba da ke iya kasawa da sauri;
• Tasirin waje mara kyau kamar su damp weather, lalacewar da ƙarfi vibration ko overheating ya haifar.

Idan an sanya tsarin lantarki a cikin motar, to, kurakurai a cikin ECU suma suna shafar aikin daidai na ƙonewa. Hakanan, katsewa na iya faruwa yayin ɗayan maɓallan firikwensin ya lalace. Hanya mafi inganci don gwada duka tsarin shine tare da kayan aiki da ake kira oscilloscope. Yana da wuya a gano kansa ainihin matsalar aikin murfin abin kunnawa.

A oscillogram zai nuna kuzarin kawo cikas na na'urar. Ta wannan hanyar, alal misali, ana iya gano rufewa tsakanin-bi da bi. Tare da irin wannan matsalar, tsawon lokacin walƙiya da ƙarfinsa na iya raguwa da yawa. Saboda wannan, aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara, ya zama dole a yi cikakken ganewar asali na dukkan tsarin kuma aiwatar da gyare-gyare (idan tsarin tuntuɓar mutum ne) ko kawar da kurakuran ECU.

Kuna buƙatar kula da SZ idan:

• Injin ƙonewa na ciki baya farawa da kyau (musamman akan mai sanyi);
• Motar ba ta da ƙarfi a wurin aiki;
• Ofarfin injin ƙonewa na ciki ya ragu;
• Yawan mai ya karu.

Tebur mai zuwa yana lissafin wasu ayyukan rashin aiki na ƙungiyar ƙonewa da bayyanannunsu:

Bayyanawa:	Dalili mai yiwuwa:
1. Wahala wajen fara injin ko kuma bai fara komai ba; 2. M rashin gudu	Haɗin murfin fashewar ya lalace (lalacewa); Kyandirori marasa kyau; Karyewa ko rashin aiki na murfin; Murfin firikwensin mai rarrabawa ya karye ko rashin aikinsa; Rushewar sauyawa.
1. Yawan shan mai; 2. Rage karfin mota	Bad walƙiya (ajiyar carbon ko karyewar SZ); Rushewar mai sarrafa OZ.

Anan akwai alamun alamu na waje da wasu ɓarna na tsarin lantarki:

Alamar waje:	Matsalar aiki na samfur:
1. Wahala wajen fara injin ko kuma bai fara komai ba; 2. M rashin gudu	Rushewar wayoyi masu fashewa (ɗaya ko fiye), idan suna cikin kewaya; Matsalar tartsatsin wuta; Rushewa ko matsalar aiki na gajeren hanya; Rushewar ɗaya ko fiye na manyan firikwensin (zauren, DPKV, da sauransu); Kurakurai a cikin ECU.
1. Yawan shan mai; 2. motorarfin motsi ya ragu	Ajiye Carbon akan fulogin fitila ko rashin aikin su; Rushewar firikwensin shigar da bayanai (zaure, DPKV, da sauransu); Kurakurai a cikin ECU.

Tunda tsarin ƙonewa mara lamba yana da abubuwa masu motsi, a cikin motocin zamani, tare da ganewar asali na lalacewa, SZ ba su da yawa fiye da tsofaffin motoci.

Yawancin bayyanar waje na rashin aikin SZ suna kama da rashin aiki na tsarin mai. Saboda wannan, kafin yunƙurin gyara gazawar ƙonewar fili, dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa sauran tsarin suna aiki yadda yakamata.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Wadanne tsarin kunna wuta akwai? Motoci suna amfani da tsarin sadarwa da tsarin kunna wuta mara lamba. Nau'in SZ na biyu yana da gyare-gyare da yawa. Hakanan ana haɗa wutar lantarki a cikin nau'in BSZ.

Yadda za a ƙayyade wane tsarin kunnawa? Duk motocin zamani suna sanye da tsarin kunna wuta mara lamba. Za a iya amfani da firikwensin Hall a cikin mai rarrabawa akan classic. A wannan yanayin, kunnawa ba lamba bane.

Ta yaya tsarin kunna wutar mota ke aiki? Kulle wuta, tushen wutar lantarki (baturi da janareta), murhun wuta, filogi, mai rarraba wuta, sauyawa, sashin sarrafawa da DPKV (na BSZ).