Ta yaya kama motar ke aiki?

Shin kun taɓa yin mamakin abin da ke faruwa a cikin motar lokacin da kuka latsa maɓallin kamawa? Direbobin da ke da ƙwarewa sosai sun saba da na'urar wannan aikin, don haka nazarinmu zai kasance da amfani ga masu farawa.

Bari mu ɗan ɗan bincika ƙarin bayani game da rawar da kamawa ke takawa a cikin aikin mota, da kuma yadda injin ɗin yake aiki.

Menene kamawa kuma menene matsayinta?

Kamawa wani muhimmin abu ne na na'urar abin hawa, wanda aikin sa shine hadawa (cire haɗin) injin zuwa gearbox. A wasu kalmomin, nau'ikan kayan inji ne wanda aka tsara don samar da ɗan cire haɗin injin daga watsawa yayin canje-canje na kaya.

Bugu da kari, yana bayar da karfin juzu'i da kare watsawa daga lalacewar da nauyi da nauyi, vibration, da sauransu suka haifar.

Me yasa ake buƙatar inji?

Ka yi tunanin tuki mota tare da injin da aka haɗa kai tsaye zuwa gearbox. A wannan yanayin, ba zai yuwu a fara injin ba, tunda mai farawa zai juya crankshaft, amma kuma ƙafafun. Lokacin, yayin tuƙi, direba ya yanke shawarar tsayar da motar, dole ne ya kashe injin ɗin gaba ɗaya. Idan kayi tuƙi ba tare da kamawa ba, injin motarka zai kasance cikin tsananin damuwa kuma ba zai wuce wasu .an kwanaki ba.

Don hana wannan daga faruwa, motoci suna sanye da kama wanda zai ba injin ƙwallon ƙafa damar haɗuwa da sauƙi kuma ya cire haɗin shaft ɗin shigarwar yayin abin hawa yana tafiya. Don haka, kama shine babban jigon da ke ba da damar canza kayan aiki ba tare da wata matsala ba da kuma sakamakon rashin dace ga injin.

Babban kayan aikin kama

Don fahimtar yadda injin ɗin yake aiki, kuna buƙatar samun ra'ayin abin da kayan haɗi suka ƙunsa. Babban kayan aikin sune:

• kora faifai;
• yawo;
• faranti na matsi;
• sakin fuska;
• gawarwaki.

Kore faifai

Wannan faifan yana tsakanin tsaka-tsalle da farantin matsi. Yana da kayan gogewa a ɓangarorin biyu (kama da kayan birki).

Lokacin da aka kama, ana matse shi sosai, kuma ana watsa karfin juyi ta hanyar rikici. An shigar da shaft ɗin akwatin a ciki, ta inda ake watsa juzu'in.

Tashi

An ɗora ƙaho a kan crankshaft na injin kuma yana aiki azaman babban faifai. Yawanci yawanci biyu ne kuma ya ƙunshi sassa biyu waɗanda aka haɗa ta maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.

Farantin kwano

Ayyukan wannan bangare shine ƙirƙirar matsa lamba akan faifan da aka kunna. A cikin tsofaffin motocin, ana haifar da wannan matsa lamba ta hanyar magudanar ruwa, yayin da a cikin ƙirar zamani, ana haifar da matsin lamba ta hanyar bazarar diaphragm.

Saki saki

Aikin wannan ɗaukewar shine don sauƙaƙe nauyin bazara ta hanyar amfani da kebul ko sarrafa iska ta yadda za a katse aikin watsawa.

Gidaje

Duk abubuwan haɗin haɗin suna haɗuwa tare a cikin gida ɗaya ko abin da ake kira "kwando". Gidajen an haɗe su da ƙawancen ƙawanya azaman daidaitacce.

Ta yaya kama motar ke aiki?

Lokacin da abin hawa yake cikin motsi, kamala koyaushe yana aiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa farantin matsi yana matsa lamba akai akai akan diskin diski. Tunda wannan faifan an haɗe shi a jikin kwandon jirgi, wanda kuma aka haɗa shi da crankshaft na injin, yana juyawa tare da shi don canja wurin juz'i daga injin motar zuwa gearbox.

Da zarar ƙwanƙolin kamawa ya yi baƙin ciki, ana tura ƙarfi zuwa sakin dako, wanda hakan ke kawar da farantin matsa lamba daga farantin motar. Sabili da haka, ba a ba da karfin juyi zuwa watsawa ba kuma ana iya canza gear.

Bayan canza saurin, kawai ana sakin feda mai kama (ya tashi), farantin matse ya dawo wurinsa, sai kuma kamawar ta sake shiga.

Nau'in inji

Kodayake duk waɗannan hanyoyin suna da ƙa'idar aiki iri ɗaya, sun kasu kashi da yawa ƙungiyoyi:

• ya danganta da nau'in tuki;
• ta nau'in gogayya;
• ta yawan diski;
• bisa ga hanyar alkawari.

Ya danganta da nau'in tuki

Dogaro da nau'in tuki, an rarraba kama zuwa:

• na inji;
• na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa;
• lantarki.

Mechanical

Mahimmancin injuna a halin yanzu sun fi kowa a cikin motoci. Wannan nau'in kama yana kunshe da fayafayan diski ɗaya, biyu ko fiye waɗanda ake matsewa tsakanin murfi ko maɓallin diaphragm. Mafi yawan rikodin inji sun bushe kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanyar danna ƙwanƙolin kamawa.

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa

Wannan nau'in kama yana amfani da ruwa mai aiki da ruwa don watsa karfin juyi. Haɗin haɗin haɗin lantarki ba shi da haɗin inji tsakanin mashin da ɓangaren tuki.

Electric

Bambanci tsakanin kamalawar lantarki da na inji shi ne kasancewar wutan lantarki a kan kamarsa. Ana kunna wannan injin ɗin lokacin da ƙwanƙolin kamawa ya karai. Motar tana motsa kebul ɗin, ya watsar da ɗaukewar saki kuma ya saki diski na gogayya don a sami sauye-sauyen kaya.

Ta irin gogayya

Dangane da wannan ma'aunin, masu haɗawa sun kasu kashi biyu "bushe" da "rigar". Aikin “busassun” kamawa ya dogara ne da ƙarfin gogayya wanda ya samo asali daga hulɗar ɗakunan da suka bushe: babba, matsawa, fayafayan diski, da sauransu. Kama '' bushe '' mai farantin kwano ɗaya ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin ababen hawa tare da watsa su ta hannu.

A cikin haɗin '' rigar '', saman gogayyar ana nitsar da shi a cikin mai. Idan aka kwatanta da busassun kama, wannan nau'ikan yana samar da sassauƙan tuntuɓar tsakanin fayafai, ana sanyaya toshi sama da kyau ta hanyar zagayawar ruwa, kuma ƙwanƙwasawa na iya canza wurin ƙarin juz'i zuwa watsawa.

Ta adadin diski

Dangane da wannan ma'aunin, ana iya rarraba masu haɗin zuwa diski ɗaya, diski biyu da kuma faifai da yawa. Ana amfani da kamala-kwano guda ɗaya galibi a cikin motocin fasinja, kamala ana ɗauke da farantin karfe sau biyu galibi ana amfani da su a manyan motoci da manyan motocin safa, kuma ana amfani da kamalayan farantin roba a babura.

Ta hanyar hanyar alkawari

Lokacin bazara

Wannan nau'in kama yana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ko maɓuɓɓugan diaphragm don amfani da matsin lamba zuwa farantin matsi don kunna kama.

Tsakiyar tsakiya

Kamar yadda sunan su ya nuna, wannan nau'in injin yana amfani da ƙarfin tsakiya don aiki kama. Ba su da feda kuma ana kunna kama aiki ta atomatik dangane da saurin injin.

Nau'in mahaɗan Centrifugal suna amfani da nauyin da aka tsara akan mai ɗorawa. Yayin da saurin injin ya karu, karfi na tsakiya yana kunna madogarar crankshaft, wanda ke matsawa kan farantin matsin lamba, yana haifar da kamawa. Ba a amfani da wannan nau'in kama a cikin motoci.

Semi-centrifugal

Tunda centrifuges suna aiki ne kawai yadda yakamata lokacin da injin ke aiki da sauri kuma basu da inganci a ƙananan gudu, akwai buƙatar haɗuwa da keɓaɓɓu-centrifugal waɗanda suke amfani da ƙarfin centrifugal da bazara.

Don haka, lokacin da saurin yake na al'ada, ana ɗaukar karfin juzu'i ta ƙarfin bazara, kuma idan ya fi girma, ana watsa shi ta ƙarfin ƙarfin tsakiya. Wannan nau'in kama kuma ba a amfani da shi a cikin motoci.

Electromagnetic

Tare da wannan nau'in mahaɗin, ana haɗa faifan diski zuwa naurar soloid. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki a wannan murfin, yana aiki ne kamar maganadisu kuma yana jan hankalin faifan da yake fitowa.

Yaushe lokacin kulawa ne ga kamawa?

Theunƙun, kamar sauran hanyoyin, ana ɗaukar su da nauyi kuma suna da wani sabis na rayuwa, wanda ya bambanta daga kilomita 30 zuwa 000, ya danganta da ƙirar mota da samfurinta da kuma tsarin tuki.

Da wannan a zuciya, da zarar sun isa iyakar nisan su, sai matsaloli suka taso wanda ke nuna lokaci yayi da za'a maye gurbin kama.

Abin da ya fi dacewa inji shi ne cewa kafin ta daina gudanar da ayyukanta yadda ya kamata, kamawa “tayi kashedin” cewa ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata. Idan kun san manyan alamun don kauce wa matsaloli masu tsanani, zaku iya amsawa a cikin lokaci.

Kwayar cututtukan da ke nuna cewa yana buƙatar maye gurbin kama

Pedunƙarar feda mai taushi

Idan kama yana aiki da kyau, ya kamata ka ji ɗan juriya lokacin da kake danna feda. Idan ka daina jin wannan juriya kuma idan ka danna ƙasa a kan feda, sai ta nitse kamar kwanon mai, wannan alama ce ta farko cewa kama yana gab da ƙarshen rayuwarsa.

Tasirin zamewa

Za ku lura da wannan alamar sosai a fili lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin canza kayan aiki yayin hawa sama ko wucewa. "Zamewa" kanta tana faruwa ne saboda kamawa ba zata iya shiga ko cire cikakken diskin lokacin da ka danna ko ka saki ƙafafun kama ba. Wannan alamar tana nuna cewa inji yana buƙatar hankali kuma maye gurbin ya kamata a yi da wuri-wuri.

Yana haifar da sautunan da ba na halaye ba ko ƙamshi

Lokacin da kake latsa maɓallin kamawa kuma ku ji sautin ɓangaren ƙarfe, kashi 99,9% na wannan lokacin yana nufin cewa wasu abubuwan haɗin kama sun ƙare. Tare da sautunan karfe na goge karfe, zaka iya jin wani wari mara dadi, wanda hakan ke nuni da cewa kamawa ta kusan zuwa karshen rayuwarta.

Ana jijjiga ƙarfi

Idan kun ji motsin rai wanda ba na al'ada ba yayin ƙoƙarin sauya kayan aiki da ɓata fatar, wannan alama ce ta kama kama. Ana iya haifar da jijjiga ta hanyar diski kama wanda ke rasa lokaci-lokaci tare da sandar tashi.

Don tsawaita rayuwar sabis na kama, ya zama dole a rage girman sa, kula da kiyaye shi (don cikakkun bayanai kan yadda ake tsawaita rayuwar kama, duba a nan). Tabbatar da maye gurbin shi idan kun lura da kowane alamun da aka ambata a sama.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene ya faru lokacin da aka danna kama? Lokacin da aka danna feda na kama, ta hanyar tuƙi (kebul ko a cikin wasu na'urorin lantarki na motoci) ana yin fayafan fayafai a cikin kwandon, kuma karfin jujjuyawar da ke cikin kwandon ba a watsa shi zuwa akwatin gear.

Ta yaya clutch ke aiki a cikin sauki kalmomi? Ana danna feda - faifan diski a cikin kwandon ba a cire su - kayan aikin da ake so suna aiki - an saki fedal - ana danna faifan da aka tuƙa da ƙarfi a kan keken jirgi - ana ba da turawa zuwa akwatin gear.