Yadda ake canza ƙarfin doki zuwa kilowatts
Abubuwa
Duk masu mallakar mota sun ji labarin kasancewar irin wannan ma'auni kamar ƙarfin doki a cikin mota, sun ga ƙimar su a cikin STS kuma sun fuskanci lissafin adadin OSAGO da harajin sufuri bisa wannan alamar, amma kaɗan ne kawai suka sani daki-daki. game da wannan alamar, abin da ake nufi da abin da yake da alaka da .
Menene karfin doki da kuma yadda ya faru
Horsepower (Rashanci: Tsakar Gida, ang.: hp, Jamusanci: PS, fran.: CV) ƙungiya ce da ba ta tsarin mulki, wanda James Watt daga Scotland ya fara bayyana shi a ƙarni na 17.
Ya haɓaka masana'antar tururi ta farko, kuma don nuna cewa na'urarsa tana da ikon maye gurbin doki fiye da ɗaya, ya gabatar da irin wannan siga a matsayin ƙarfin doki.
A cewar masu ƙirƙira, doki na yau da kullun yana da ikon ɗaga nauyi mai nauyin kilogiram 75 daga magudanar ruwa a tsayin daka na 1 m / s na tsawon lokaci.
Ya lissafta hp. a matsayin kaya mai nauyin kilo 250, wanda zai iya ɗaga doki zuwa tsayin 30 santimita a cikin dakika 1, wato, 1 hp \u75d 735,499 kgm / s ko XNUMX watts.
Saboda gaskiyar cewa irin waɗannan ma'auni na iya ba da sakamako daban-daban, yawancin nau'ikan dawakai (lantarki, metric, tukunyar jirgi, inji, da sauransu) sun bayyana a rayuwar yau da kullun.
A 1882, a daya daga cikin majalisa na English Association of Engineers an yanke shawarar haifar da wani sabon naúrar cewa ma'auni ikon, da aka mai suna bayan mai ƙirƙira - watt (W, W).
Har zuwa wannan lokaci, yawancin ƙididdiga an gudanar da su ta hanyar amfani da alamar da mai kirkiro na Scotland D. Watt - horsepower ya gabatar.
Yadda ake auna HP a Rasha da sauran kasashe
A yau, akwai nau'ikan raka'a da yawa masu wannan suna a duk faɗin duniya.
Manyan iri:
- awo, daidai da 735,4988 W;
- inji, daidai da 745,699871582 W;
- mai nuna alama, daidai da 745,6998715822 W;
- lantarki, daidai da 746 W;
- dakin tukunyar jirgi, daidai da 9809,5 watts.
Ƙungiyar hukuma ta ƙasa da ƙasa don ƙididdige iko ita ce watt.
A yawancin ƙasashen Turai, ana amfani da abin da ake kira "metric" horsepower, ana ƙididdige shi azaman ƙarfin da aka kashe don ɗaga wani abu mai nauyin kilogiram 75 a daidai wannan gudun tare da daidaitaccen hanzari g \u9,80665d XNUMX m / s².
Ana ɗaukar ƙimarsa 75 kgf m/s ko 735,49875 W.
A cikin Burtaniya da Amurka, masana'antar kera motoci suna ɗaukar ƙarfin dawakai a matsayin 745,6998815 watts, ko nau'ikan metric 1,0138696789. A Amurka, ban da metric, tukunyar jirgi da nau'in lantarki na l ana amfani da su. Tare da
A halin yanzu, a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, kalmar "horsepower" an cire shi daga sunan hukuma, kodayake ana amfani da shi don lissafin haraji akan sufuri da OSAGO. A cikin Rasha, ana fahimtar wannan alamar a matsayin nau'in awo.
Enginearfin injiniya
Don auna ƙarfin injunan ƙonewa na ciki na motoci, ba kawai ana amfani da alamomi daban-daban ba, har ma da hanyoyin aunawa waɗanda ke ba da sakamako daban-daban.
A cikin Turai, madaidaicin naúrar hanyar auna wutar lantarki shine kilowatt. Lokacin da aka ƙayyade ƙarfin dawakai, yadda ake auna shi a sassa daban-daban na duniya na iya bambanta sosai, har ma da ƙimar asali iri ɗaya.
A cikin Amurka da Japan, ana amfani da nasu dabarar don ƙididdige LS na injin konewa na ciki, amma an daɗe da kusan kawo su gaba ɗaya zuwa madaidaicin yarda.
A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe, ana amfani da bambance-bambancen alamomi guda biyu:
- Net auna, wanda ke ba da gwaji a kan tsayayyen tsayayyen sanye take da duk ƙarin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin aikin motocin (janarori, tsarin shaye-shaye, fan, da sauransu).
- Babban ma'auni, wanda ke nufin gwada motar a tsaye ba tare da ƙarin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su ba yayin aikin abin hawa (fam ɗin tsarin sanyi, fan, janareta, da sauransu). Abubuwan da aka samo ta amfani da wannan fasaha sun fi na gaske waɗanda motoci ke bayarwa yayin aikin su, har zuwa 20-25% sama da wasu masu kera motoci daga Amurka waɗanda ke amfani da himma a lokacinsu, da gangan suna yin kima da sigogin ƙarfin samfuran su. An gyara wannan yanayin a cikin 1972 ta hanyar ɗaukar ma'auni na gama gari.
Masu kera motoci na ICE suna auna alamun wuta akan nau'in man da aka kera injin donsa.
Alal misali, an ƙera injin ɗin don yin aiki akan man fetur 95, sannan zai nuna ikon da masana'anta suka bayyana akan man da ya dace kuma ba zai yiwu ya zama kwalban Rasha ba. Kuma a cikin masana'antun Japan waɗanda ke samar da injunan konewa na ciki, gwajin gwaji da aunawa yana faruwa akan mai tare da ƙimar octane mafi girma da ake samu ga Japan, wato, bai kai AI-100 ba.
Misali na ƙididdige hp a Watts da Kilowatts
Yana da sauƙi don canza ƙarfin doki zuwa watts da kanku ta amfani da takamaiman tsari da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar da ke nuna adadin watts tare da irin wannan ƙarfin.
Alal misali, a cikin takardun don mota, ikon injinsa shine 107 hp.
Sanin cewa 1 hp = 0,73549875 kW ko 1 hp = 735,498, muna lissafta:
P=107*hp=107*0,73549875=78,69 kW ko P=107*735.498=78698.29W
Yadda ake sauya ƙarfin doki da sauri zuwa kilowatts - kalkuleta kan layi
Duk da sauƙin jujjuya ƙarfin dawakai zuwa watts, wani lokacin ana iya buƙatar irin waɗannan bayanai cikin gaggawa, kuma ba za a sami wani kalkuleta a hannu ba ko kuma lokaci zai ƙare.
A irin waɗannan lokuta, kuna iya yin amfani da ƙididdiga ta amfani da ƙididdiga na kan layi.
Wasu daga cikinsu ana iya amfani da su kai tsaye a cikin injin bincike na Yandex.
Ko kuma ta hanyar bin hanyoyin da ke ƙasa:
- http://ru.woodmizer-planet.com/kvt.pl
- http://www.vcm.by/kvtvls.pl
Duk da cewa karfin dawakai wani siga ne da ba shi da alaka da tsarin na'urorin na kasa da kasa, kuma a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci a wasu kasashe, amma har yanzu darajarsa tana tare da duk mai mota.
Yana daidai da takamaiman adadin watts, dangane da nau'in hp. Don ƙididdige ikon injin konewa na ciki a cikin kW, ana amfani da sigar awo na wannan alamar, daidai da 1 hp \u0,73549875d XNUMX.
