Gwajin gwajin yadda BMW ya zama abin da yake
Sabuwar aji da jerin 02 suna farfado da BMW a cikin shekarun rugujewa kuma ba wai kawai sun kafa tushe don jerin na uku da na biyar ba, har ma suna samar da sabbin kuɗaɗe masu ƙarfi don ƙirƙirar su. Tuki BMW na 2002, wanda BMW Group Classic ya shirya a hankali.
Tana cikin magadanta na zamani, tana jiran mu a tsakiyar sararin da ke bayan Gidan Tarihi na BMW da ginin ofis na silinda. Launi mai launin shuɗi-shuɗi ya fi bayyana fiye da bangon gizagizai masu kauri da ruwan sama. Wannan BMW 2002 tii, mallakar BMW Group Classic kuma an haife shi a shekarar 1973, na iya zama ɗan kama da wanda zai gaje shi, amma a aikace babban samfuri ne wanda ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga rayuwarsu. Domin a cikin shekarun 60 ne gabatarwar 1500/1800/2000 sedan daga sabon aji na BMW da ƙofar ƙofa biyu 1602 da 2002 suka tilasta BMW ficewa daga cikin tsaka mai wuya na kuɗi kuma ya dau hanzarin ci gaba zuwa can. Ina yake yanzu. Saleswararrun tallace-tallace na waɗannan ƙirar sune ke ba da kuɗi don ginin ginin silinda huɗu da ake magana akai. Kuma waɗannan samfuran sune suka zama nau'ikan jerin yau na biyar dana uku.
Daidaitaccen daidaituwa na 2002 yana jan hankali a farkon gani kuma yana riƙe da roƙonsa a duk sauran fannoni. Kodayake an ƙera shi don ya fi araha fiye da sedan ƙofar huɗu, ya zarce ta da yanayin iska na musamman, wanda sifofin trapezoidal ɗin sun yi daidai kuma sun dace daidai cikin ƙananan layin windows da gefen gefen wannan salon Chevrolet Corveyr na ɗan lokaci. . A cikin wannan ƙirar, BMW ta riga tana amfani da gine -gine tare da gajartar gaban gaba, wanda ba kawai salo bane amma kuma yana aiki. 2002 ta ƙunshi duk ƙimar dabi'u waɗanda za a fi bayyana su a cikin jerin na uku.
Ba zai yuwu a fara ba har sai mun leƙa a ƙarƙashin hular, amma ya zama al'ada sosai wanda a cikin kanta zai iya sa ku cikin farin ciki. Hanyar ta ƙunshi fitar da dogon lefa wanda ke ba da juriya sosai, da kuma kunna wani hadadden tsari, wanda hakan ke juya gabaɗayan igiya tare da cams da ƙugiya waɗanda ke gyara murfin. Don haka, Jamusanci shine tunani na farko da ke zuwa a zuciya. Gidan injin yana haskakawa da tsabta, kamar titunan da ke kewaye, an tsara komai kamar zare. M nozzles da fistan man famfo nan da nan aka gano a takaice na biyu i model - hudu-Silinda M10 engine, wanda aka sani da aminci da kuma tsauri halaye, sanye take da Kugelfischer inji allura man fetur tsarin. Da 130 hp wannan shine sigar mafi ƙarfi tare da cikar yanayi a cikin 2002 (injin turbo na 2002 daga wata duniyar) kuma ana samarwa har zuwa ƙarshen jeri. Har ila yau, ina so in duba ƙasa - dukan kasan motar ana bi da su a hankali tare da baƙar fata anti-lalata, kuma a bangarorin biyu na bambance-bambancen akwai studs guda biyu. Shawarar BMW na yin amfani da irin wannan nau'in axle na baya yana da mahimmanci - dakatarwa mai zaman kanta, a daidai lokacin da kusan dukkanin motocin da ke cikin wannan ajin suna amfani da kauri mai kauri, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu laifi a cikin shahararrun halayen hanya. Wani tushe wanda BMW zai gina hotonsa akansa. Sai daga baya zan sami hotunan BMW 2002 tii iri ɗaya a cikin kayan na 2006 akan shafukan Motar Klassik, wani reshen motar motsa jiki da wasanni. Ya bayyana yayin da yawancin sabbin motocin da aka saki a bana sun riga sun tsufa. wadannan shekaru takwas ba su bar wata alama a kan motar ba, kuma blue coupe yana da lafiya kamar yadda yake a lokacin. Kyakkyawan bita ga wakilan BMW Group Classic. Mu gani ko ya motsa haka.
Jigon BMW
Theofar tana dannawa ta wata hanya mai ban mamaki, kuma kun gane cewa kuna son buɗewa da rufe ta sau da yawa. Zai iya zama ɗan mahaukaci ga waɗanda ke kusa da kai, don haka na fi so in mai da hankali kan maɓallin kunnawa. Tun kafin in ji mai farawa, injin din ya rayu. Kamar duka na 2002. Motocin gargajiya suna son a tuka su. Tare da dogon tsayawa a cikin gareji da kuma farfaji, varnish na iya tarawa a kan zanen gado, amma kowane mai gogewa zai faɗi cewa mota ta sake dawowa lokacin da, bayan ta yi parking, ta tara kilomita a bayanta.
Wannan cikakke ya shafi BMW ɗin mu. Abin ba'a idan aka kwatanta da yau, ƙananan wipers na chrome suna da alama suna shafa gilashin kuma tabbas suna rasa yaƙin tare da ruwa mai kauri. Sautin ruwa a cikin fuka-fuki yana haifar da jin wasu abubuwan da aka manta da su nan da nan, kuma ɗigon ruwa yana sa zanen gado ya sake jin dadi. Duk da haka, injin yana jujjuyawa a cikin guguwa - halittar Baron Alex von Falkenhausen har yanzu yana ba da umarnin girmamawa, injin da aka kula da shi yana sha iskar gas tare da koto kuma yana da nasa 130 hp. Da alama ba su da matsala game da ɗan ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin haske. Bisa ga takardun - matsakaicin gudun shine 190 km / h, haɓakawa zuwa 100 km / h a cikin 9,5 seconds. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa wannan rukunin musamman ya zama ginshiƙi don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan turbo na tsere tare da ƙarfin sama da 1000 hp. Shin akwai wanda zai iya yin alfahari da wannan? Bayan haka, wannan shine 1973. Kuma sama da duka - tsayin matsalar mai.
Muna barin ƙofar kuma muna tuƙin babbar hanyar zuwa gidan sarakunan Bavaria da tarihin Bavaria. Tare da hanyar kuma cikin abubuwan da suka gabata, BMW, wanda ya haifar da halin damuwa ...
Koma zuwa tarihi
A ƙarshen 50s, BMW ya yi nisa daga sunansa na yanzu kuma ba zai iya yin gogayya da Mercedes-Benz ba kamar yadda yake yi a yanzu. Ko da yake an riga an fara aiwatar da mu'ujizar tattalin arzikin Jamus, BMW ba zai iya yin alfahari da duk wani nasarorin da aka samu na tattalin arziki ba. Tallace-tallacen babura na ci gaba da raguwa saboda saurin bunƙasa tattalin arziki saboda mutane sun fara komawa motoci. Bayan ƴan shekaru baya, a cikin 30, tallace-tallacen babur BMW ya ragu daga 000 1957 zuwa 5400. Bayan shekara guda, babban salon salon lita 3,2 wanda aka fi sani da Baroque Angel ya bayyana. an sayar da motoci 564 na alama. Ko da mafi muni shine 503 na wasanni da kuma mafi ƙarancin 507, wanda ya sayar da jimlar 98. Isetta microcar da tsayinsa mai tsawo tare da kofa na gefe na iya yin alfaharin samun nasara kadan. Duk da haka, wannan yana da ban mamaki - a cikin nau'in nau'in alamar akwai babban rata tsakanin microcars da samfuran alatu. A haƙiƙa, ƙananan masana'anta a lokacin, BMW, ba su da wani samfurin na yau da kullun. Ƙaƙƙarfan 700 na waɗannan shekaru na iya gyara ɗan lokaci kaɗan kawai. Babu shakka, domin kamfanin ya tsira, ya zama dole a yi wani abu sabo.
An haife shi ne saboda ƙoƙarin babban mai hannun jari na BMW a lokacin, Herbert Quant. Da yake yana da sha'awar ci gaban kamfanin, sai ya gayyaci masu hannun jari don su saka jari don ƙirƙirar sabon tsari kwata-kwata. Har ila yau a alamance yana ba da sunan Neue Klasse.
Wata hanya ko wata, an sami kuɗin da ake buƙata, kuma ƙungiyar Alex von Falkenhausen ta tashi don ƙirƙirar sabon injin. Ta haka aka haife shahararren M10, wanda zai zama ƙirar ƙirar injiniya mai ƙira don alama. Manajan aikin daga matakin ci gaba ya kafa yiwuwar ƙara silinda diamita da ƙara ƙarar injin, wanda a cikin sigar asali kawai lita 1,5 ce kawai.
Sabon aji
BMW ta "sabon aji" debuted a 1961 Frankfurt Motor Show da model da aka kawai kira 1500. A dauki daga mutane ma sosai bayyananne da kuma tabbatacce - sha'awar a cikin mota ne m da kuma kawai watanni uku kafin karshen 1961. , An karɓi buƙatun 20. Duk da haka, ya ɗauki dukan shekara don gyara tsarin matsaloli tare da jiki, da mota ya zama gaskiya a cikin rabi na biyu na 000. Wannan "sabon aji" ne, amma yana sanya BMW a kan sabon tushe, yana mai da hankali ga alamar akan halinsa mai ƙarfi. Babban gudunmawar wannan shine ingantaccen injin wasanni tare da shugaban aluminium da dakatarwa mai zaman kanta mai ƙafa huɗu. Godiya ga "New Class" a 1962, kamfanin ya sake samun riba kuma yanzu yana cikin manyan 'yan wasa. Ci gaban da ake bukata ya tilasta BMW ya haifar da ƙarin iko iri - don haka a cikin 1963 an haifi samfurin 1963 (ainihin ƙaura na lita 1800) tare da karuwa daga 1,733 zuwa 80 hp. iko. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa a cikin labarin shi ne cewa a cikin wannan rikici ne aka gina Alpina kuma ya fara inganta an sayar da samfurin 90 don abokan ciniki da suka ji lalacewa. BMW ya ci gaba da haɓaka jerin tare da mafi ƙarfin juzu'in 1500 TI tare da tagwayen Weber carburetors biyu da 1800 hp. A 110, BMW 1966/2000 TI ya zama gaskiya, kuma a cikin 2000, man fetur-allurar 1969 tii. A cikin 2000, na ƙarshe ya riga ya ƙididdige kason zaki na tallace-tallace. Don haka, mun zo ga ainihin tarihi, ko yadda aka haifi "namu" 1972.
02: lambar nasara
Idan muka koma kadan, za mu ga cewa ko da zuwan 1500, har yanzu akwai wani fanko a cikin layin BMW. 700 yana da nau'i daban-daban kuma yana da ƙananan ƙananan, don haka kamfanin ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar samfurin bisa sabon sedan, amma tare da farashi mai araha. Don haka a cikin 1966, an haifi 1600-2 Coupe biyu (biyu shine nadi na kofofin biyu), wanda daga baya ya zama 1602 kai tsaye. . Ainihin, samfurin yana dogara ne akan sedan, amma yana da canji mai mahimmanci a gaba da baya salo kuma shine aikin mai zanen kamfanin Wilhelm Hofmeister (bayan wanda sanannen "Hofmeister lankwasa" a gefen baya). Tun 1600, akwai wani tsanani fafatawa a gasa ga sa'an nan almara Alfa Romeo model a kasuwa, wanda, duk da haka, ban da hada ladabi da kuma wasanni style, yana ba da wani musamman hali tare da m dakatar da karkata zuwa raya ƙafafun da MacPherson struts a gaba. Koyaya, a cewar masana tarihin kamfanin, da wuya a haifi 105 mafi ƙarfi idan ba a sami wani bakon labari ba. Ko kuma, wani bakon daidaituwa - mahaliccin M1600, Alex von Falkenhausen, ya girka wa kansa 2002 a cikin daki a kan rukunin lita biyu. Kusan a lokaci guda, darektan tsare-tsare Helmut Werner Behnsch yana yin haka. Wadannan al’amura sun fara saninsu ne a lokacin da motocinsu suka shiga daya daga cikin bitar BMW bisa kuskure. Hakika, dukansu sun yanke shawarar cewa wannan dalili ne mai kyau na ba da shawarar irin wannan samfurin ga hukumomin gwamnati. Zai zama babban kadari na kasuwa don shirin da alamar ta ke shirin yi a ketare. Wani dillalin BMW na Amurka Max Hoffman ya kara mai a cikin wuta, wanda kuma ya yi imanin cewa mafi girman sigar za ta yi nasara a Amurka. Don haka aka haife shi a shekara ta 10, wanda a cikin 1600 ya sami mafi ƙarfin juzu'in 2002 TI tare da 1968 hp, kuma a watan Satumba na wannan shekara, samfurin da muka sadu da shi ya bayyana - 2002 Tii tare da tsarin allurar Kugelfischer da aka ambata. Baur mai iya canzawa da jerin Yawon shakatawa tare da babban ƙofofin wutsiya daga baya za a haifa bisa ga waɗannan samfuran.
Ga BMW, jerin 02 sun taka rawar babbar motar ƙaddamar da tallan, kuma nasararta ta fi ta Sabuwar Class asali. A ƙarshen 1977, yawan motocin da aka samar da wannan nau'in ya kai 820, kuma kamfanin ya karɓi kuɗin da ake buƙata don saka hannun jari a cikin ƙirƙirar wakilai na farko na jerin na uku da na biyar.
Ofarshen kyakkyawan rana
Duk wannan tabbas yana bani kulawa da wannan motar da girmamawa da kulawa ta musamman. Amma da alama baya son skimp. Kowane juyi yana biye da kaɗawa mai ƙarfi a kan babban kujera, wanda nauyinsa kawai kilogram 1030. Tabbas, babu mugunta da kaifin Turbo, amma rashin takurawa akan hanyar Jamusanci baya tsoma baki cikin keken, kuma saurin 160 km / h abu ne mai kyau. Abun takaici, muna da kwafi daga nau'ikan tare da gearbox mai saurin sauri (an miƙa saurin biyar azaman zaɓi), wanda tabbas ba shine mafi kyawun mafita ba. Kodayake mai lever ya shigo cikin matsayinta tsaf kuma cikin nishadi, gearbox tabbas yana azabtar da injin, wanda aka tilasta masa aiki koyaushe a cikin babban dubawa. Baya ga ƙara amo, wannan yana tare da takamaiman kai tsaye na halayen, wanda, da rashin alheri, lokacin da aka fito da feda, yana haifar da daidaitaccen takamaiman ƙarfin birki. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa yawancin takwarorin zamani a 2002 suna da shirye-shirye ninki biyu.
Gaskiyar jarabawar wannan motar tana kan kyawawan kyawawan hanyoyin Jamus. Siririn sitirin ba zai dace da halayen motar ba, amma da wuya a ji motsin tuƙin. Kuma dakatarwar ita ce dakatarwa! A bayyane yake, injiniyoyin BMW sun yi aiki tuƙuru don ƙirƙirar shi har ma a yanzu yana iya zama ma'auni don halayen haɓaka. Kar mu manta yana aiki sosai, kodayake motar tana da manyan tayoyi 13-inch masu faɗin 165mm kaɗai (wanda ba shi da ƙanƙani, kodayake, kuma ba ya daidaitawa kan yanayin gani!).
Gaskiya rana ce mai ban mamaki. Ba wai kawai saboda gata da jin daɗin kasancewa a bayan motar wannan motar ba, amma kuma saboda ƙwarewar ikon dawo da ni asalin asalin alama. Wataƙila na ɗan fahimce ta yanzu. Shudi na 2002 mai shuɗi ya dawo wurin, kuma kodayake ya tuka kusan kilomita 400 a cikin ruwan sama, babu wata ƙazantar ƙazanta a ganye. Bayan duk wannan, ya ƙaura zuwa ƙasarsa ta Jamus.
BMW Rukunan gargajiya
Kwanan nan kamfanin BMW ya dawo asalinsa ta hanyar siyan tsohuwar masana'anta daga Knorr Bremse, inda ta fara kera injunan jirgin sama shekaru biyu bayan kafuwarta. Anan ne sabon Kamfanin Kundin Tarihi na Kamfanin yake.
BMW Group Classic ta gaji Al'adar Wayar BMW a cikin 2008. An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1994, Hadin Wayar hannu yana da niyyar haɗuwa da ƙarfi don dawo da adana abubuwan kamfanin da kuma tarin samfuran da ake dasu. A cewar BMW, yawan motoci masu "tarihi" masu tallafi masu launin shudi da fari sun kai miliyan 1, wanda ya kamata a kara a kalla babura 300. Don wannan, kamfanin yana aiki tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Duk wanda ke son sake gina motarsa na iya dogaro da cikakken sabis daga tushe guda. Cibiyar tana da ƙididdiga masu ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa don ƙirar ƙira, tana da adadi da yawa na ɓangarorin BMW na asali da abubuwan more rayuwa don gyara. Wannan kasuwancin da ke ƙaruwa kuma mai yiwuwa ya fi fa'ida. BMW Group Classic a halin yanzu yana da hannun jari na raka'a 000 kuma yana iya sake gina kusan kowace mota. Don nuna wannan gaskiyar, fewan shekarun da suka gabata, ma'aikata sun ƙirƙiri tii na 40 daga tushe kuma da ƙididdiga kawai, har ma sun sanya ƙararraki mara aiki amma ba a yi amfani da ita ba.
Idan bangarori ko na'urori basu samu ba, ana iya kera su ta BMW ko yarjejeniya tare da masu samar dasu. Misali ɗaya: idan mai CSI na 3.0 yana son maye gurbin watsawar su ta atomatik, BMW na iya yin hakan, kodayake ba a taɓa ba da wannan samfurin tare da irin wannan watsawa ba. Koyaya, tunda a kan zane-zanen, an tsara bambance-bambancen matuka tare da watsa ta atomatik, wanda masu zanen ke da damar shiga mara iyaka, abokin ciniki na iya yin odar ci gaban irin wannan zaɓi. Matukar zai iya biya. An rarraba aikin ta nau'ikan aiki: a masana'antar Dingolfing suna hulda da aikin jiki da fenti, a Munich suna da alhakin injiniyoyi, a BMW Motorsport da M GmbH sun karɓi samfuran M. BMW sun kuma sanya hannu kan wasu kwangiloli da ƙwararrun kamfanoni waɗanda suke ba da takaddun da suka dace. don ayyukan samarwa. Kuma ga waɗanda ke neman nemo sassa don BMW ɗinsu, akwai BMW Classic Online Shop. Kamfanin na iya nemo komai game da motarka, kuma bisa babban ɗakunan bayanan takardu, suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da iyakar abin dogaro.
Rubutu: Georgy Kolev
bayanan fasahaBMW 2002, Rubuta E114, 1972
Injin Silinda huɗu, bugun jirgi huɗu, injin mai sanyaya ruwa, kanin silinda na allo, gwal ɗin baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka a digiri 30, manyan biranen guda biyar, ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, ɗayan kamshaft wanda ke sarƙaƙƙiyar sarkar, V-kwatancen tsari na bawuloli, ƙimar aiki 1990 cm3, ikon 130 HP a 5800 rpm, max. karfin juyi 181 Nm a 4500 rpm, matsin lamba 9,5: 1, allurar mai inji Masunta Fugu, tare da bututun crankshaft wanda aka tuka.
Isar da wutar lantarki Motar-dabaran baya-baya, mai sauri-hudu, zabin saurin turawa guda biyar, karancin zamewa daban
