Jaguar, tarihi - Labari na Auto

Wasan motsa jiki da ladabi: waɗannan sune ƙarfin motoci sama da shekaru 90. jaguar... Wannan alamar (wacce, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tana alfahari da nasarar nasara a ciki Awanni 24 Le Mans daga cikin masana'antun Burtaniya) ya tsira daga dukkan rikicin masana'antar kera motoci ta Burtaniya kuma har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun masu iya jure wa samfuran "ƙima" na Jamus. Bari mu bincika tarihinta tare.

Jaguar, Tarihi

История jaguar fara aiki a watan Satumba 1922 lokacin Lions William (mai sha'awar babur) e William Walmsley (magini babur stroller) ya tattara ya same shi Kamfanin haɗiyewa... Wannan kamfani, asali ƙwararre ne wajen kera motoci masu ƙafa biyu, ya sami babban nasara a rabi na biyu na 20s tare da ƙirƙirar shagunan jiki don Austin Bakwaiwanda aka yi niyya ga abokan cinikin da ke son ficewa amma ba sa son wuce gona da iri.

Farkon motoci

Lyons, ya gaji da aiki da motoci daga wasu masana'antun, ya ƙera motoci biyu a karon farko kuma ya gabatar da su a 1931 London Motor Show: abubuwan bincike SS 1 e SS 2 suna da ƙima amma suna da araha. Walmsley ya bar kamfanin bayan shekaru uku.

Canza suna

A shekarar 1935 take jaguar an fara amfani da shi akan sedan mai suna 2.5 SS Jaguar kuma bayan shekaru biyu, alamar Burtaniya tana da nasarorin wasanni na farko, lokacin da Burtaniya Jack Harrop nasara Farashin RAC (an maimaita nasarar a 1938) tuki ɗaya SS100.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, samarwa ya mai da hankali kan keken gefe don sojojin Mai Martaba, kuma a ƙarshen rikicin, gudanarwa ta yanke shawarar siyar da babur kuma, sama da duka, cire sunan. SSHakanan yayi daidai da abin da sojojin Nazi suka yi amfani da su.

Saukewa: XK120

Na'urar juyin juya halin farko ta sanya hannu jaguar shi ne XK120 1948: bude tun injin 3.4 in-line injin silinda shida wanda ke ba da damar wannan wasanni hanzarta zuwa 120 mph (193 km / h: mota mafi sauri a kasuwa).

Wannan mota ci nasara da yawa abokan ciniki da kuma lashe da dama jinsi a Turai: a 1951, shekarar da rufaffiyar version debuted. FHC - Ian Appleyard ya lashe taron RAC kuma C-Nau'in (motar tsere da tubular frame wanda ke da injiniyoyi iri ɗaya kamar na XK120) yana ba da damar alama don cimma nasarar ta farko akan Awanni 24 Le Mans tare da "Burtaniya" duet wanda ya ƙunshi Peter Walker e Peter Whitehead.

Wadannan nasarori guda biyu jaguar maimaita a 1953: almara tseren jimiri na Faransa, duk da haka, wani matuƙin jirgin ruwan Burtaniya ya ci (Tony Rollt e Duncan Hamilton) da ƙarin abin hawa mai sanye da kayan ƙira birki... A cikin wannan shekarar, zaɓi na uku XK120: Drophead Coupe.

D-irin

La D-Nau'in - Motar tsere ta farko tare da ƙirar monocoque - motar da ta kafa tarihin wasan motsa jiki: tare da fin baya mai ban mamaki, ta ci nasara sau uku a jere. Awanni 24 Le Mans tare da matukan matukan jirgi na Burtaniya. Na farko tare da duet a cikin abun da ke ciki Mike Hawthorne e Ivor Buba, na biyu da Ron Flockhart ne adam wata e Sunan Sanderson kuma na uku tare da Flockhart da Bueb. Wannan sabuwar nasarar ita ma ita ce "Ingilishi ta ƙarshe" (motoci da masu tsere daga Burtaniya) a cikin tarihin wannan tseren jimiri mai mahimmanci.

A daidai wannan lokacin, muna sanar da nasara Rally Monte Carlo 1956 Jaguar Mark VII jagorancin turawan ingila Ronnie Adams da - game da samar da serial - ƙaddamarwa XK150, Motar hanya ta farko na alamar da aka sanya akan i birki an kawo shi zuwa wasan tsere na C-Type.

60-е и E-Nau'in

A cikin 1960, alamar Burtaniya ta karɓi Daimler kuma yana motsawa zuwa shuka a ciki Kayan gida wannan kamfani yana kera injuna. A shekara ta gaba shi ne juya na halarta a karon - a Geneva Motor Show - mafi shahara model na wannan iri: E-Nau'in... Enzo Ferrari yayi la'akari da mafi kyawun motar da aka ƙera, yana da babban gudun 150 mph (241 km / h) kuma yana da ci gaba sosai ta fasaha: birki diski huɗu, firam ɗin tushe da dakatarwar ƙafa huɗu masu zaman kansu. Rauninsa? Gearbox, nisan dogon birki da kujeru ba sosai rufewa.

A 1963 - na farko da babban nasara na mutum daya. jaguar tuki direban kasashen waje lokacin Bajamushe Peter Nocker ta lashe gasar tseren motoci ta Turai ta farko tare da Mark II kuma bayan shekaru uku, an fito da sigar 2 + 2 E-Type tare da madaidaicin ƙafafun ƙafa don ɗaukar fasinjoji biyu a kujerun baya.

Alamar Burtaniya tana da lafiya: tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi so a Burtaniya kuma mafi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan alamar waje a Amurka. A 1966 an haɗa shi da BMC ƙirƙira Kamfanin Motocin Burtaniya kuma shekara mai zuwa Lions William ya yi murabus daga matsayin Shugaba.

1968 ita ce shekarar da aka gabatar da wani alamar alama. jaguar -Farashin XJ (wanda ke cire kusan dukkanin sedans na zamani daga gidan Burtaniya daga kasuwa) - kuma a cikin 1969 mai zanen tarihi William Haynes ne adam wata (ya shiga SS 1934) ya yi ritaya.

70's

Muhimmin taron farko na 70s ya faru a 1971, lokacin injin 5.3 V12 da aka gabatar akan E-Type. A shekara mai zuwa, guda engine - shigar a kan XJ - yana ba da damar flagship na Burtaniya ya zama mafi sauri samar da kujeru huɗu a kasuwa (kusan 220 km / h). Har ila yau, a cikin 1972 (lokacin da Lyon a hukumance ya yi ritaya) an saki bambance-bambancen tsayi na "British" Berlinona (don gyara babban kuskuren wannan motar: rage sararin samaniya don fasinjoji), kuma bayan shekaru uku - XJ-S baburan gina shi akan madaidaiciya kamar "daidaitaccen" XJ.

80's

1984 shekara ce mai mahimmanci don jaguar... An keɓe alamar ta Ingilishi kuma ta shiga kasuwar hannun jari, kuma godiya ga Burtaniya, an sami manyan nasarorin wasanni biyu. Tom Walkinshaw и XJS, wanda ya lashe gasar tseren motoci na Turai da kuma - tare da ma'aikatan jirgin wanda ya ƙunshi Jamusanci Hans Haye kuma daga turanci Vin Percy - daga 24 hours a cikin dima jiki... A watan Fabrairu 1985, ya bace. Lions William.

Tsakanin rabi na biyu na 80s da farkon 90s, masana'antun Burtaniya sun sami nasarorin wasanni da yawa a cikin rukunin jimiri: a cikin 1987 gasar zakarun duniya ta farko a samfuran wasanni ta zo (wanda aka ƙera tare da nasarar ɗan ƙasar Brazil Raoul Bosel), an maimaita nasara a 1988 (daga Turanci. Martin Brandl zakaran duniya tsakanin direbobi) shima godiya ga nasarar Awanni 24 Le Mans ya kawo gida Dutchman Jan Lammers da Biritaniya Johnny Dumfries e Andy Wallace ne adam wata... A cikin wannan shekarar Bosel, Brandl, Lammers da Dane John Nielsen suna cin nasara Awanni 24 na Daytona.

Je zuwa Ford

A 1989 jaguar samu Ford amma alƙawarin wasanni bai tsaya ba: a cikin 1990 Saukewa: XJR-12 cin nasara Awanni 24 Le Mans tare da Brandl, Nielsen da Ba'amurke Farashin Cobb da mota guda - wannan lokacin Lammers, Wallace da Yankee ne ke tuka su Teku Iblis - lashe 24 hours na Daytona. Nasarar wasanni ta ƙarshe na masana'antar Burtaniya ta koma 1991: nasara a cikin samfuran wasanni na duniya da taken duniya don mu Theo Fabi.

Serial samar na karshe shekaru goma na karni na ashirin gani Farashin XJ220 daga 1992 (injin Turbo tagwaye 3.5 V6 tare da 542 hp da babban gudun 335 km / h), motar motsa jiki ta sexy XK8 da flagship S-Nau'i, kanwa XJ Sake salon.

Millennium na uku

A 2000 jaguar shiga F1: Ya kasance a Circus har zuwa 2004, amma yana karɓar filayen hawa biyu kawai tare da direban Burtaniya. Eddie Irwin... Mafi kyau ga motocin hanya: berlina X-Nau'in 2001 - gina a kan wannan bene tare da Hyundai Santa Fe ita ce mota ta farko ta alamar Burtaniya A mai taya hudu da shekaru biyu bayan haka (a lokacin ƙaddamar da shirin tashar jiragen sama e dizal) kuma ya zama na farko gaban-dabaran.

Wannan ƙirar tana nuna sakamako mai kyau a cikin tallace -tallace, amma yana tasiri ga alamar alama: sake haifuwa ta zo a 2007. XF, magaji ga S-Type, wanda ya kebanta da salon zamani da juyi, ya farfado da godiya Bayani na X351 2009 A tsakiyar (a cikin 2008) siyan alamar ta Indiyawan Tata.

Amma ga sabbin samfuran da aka sa hannu jaguar ba zai yiwu ba a ambaci wasanni F-Type 2013 da berlin 2015, tare da dandamali a ciki aluminum e, bambanci shine dell'antenata X-Type, a raya drive.