Tarihin samfurin motar Volvo

Volvo ya gina suna a matsayin mai kera motoci wanda ke kera manyan fasinjojin dogaro, manyan motoci da motoci masu manufa ta musamman. Alamar ta karɓi lambobin yabo da yawa don haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin aminci na motoci. A wani lokaci, motar wannan alamar an gane ta mafi aminci a duniya.

Kodayake alamar ta kasance koyaushe rarrabuwar wasu damuwa, ga yawancin masu ababen hawa kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda samfuransa suka cancanci kulawa ta musamman.

Ga labarin wannan masana'antar kera mota, wacce yanzu tana daga cikin abubuwan da kamfanin ke kerawa na Geely (mun riga mun yi magana game da wannan mai kera motocin kadan a baya).

Founder

1920s a Amurka da Turai, sha'awar kera kayan agaji ya girma kusan lokaci guda. A shekara ta 23 a garin Gothenburg na Sweden, an yi baje kolin motoci. Wannan taron ya zama sababin yaduwar motocin masu tuka kansu, albarkacin abin da aka fara shigo da karin motoci cikin kasar.

Tuni zuwa shekara ta 25, kimanin kofi dubu 14 da rabi na motoci daga masana'antun daban-daban suka isa ƙasar. Manufofin kamfanonin kera motoci da yawa sun kasance kirkirar sabbin motoci cikin sauri. A lokaci guda, mutane da yawa, saboda ƙayyadaddun lokacin ƙarshe, sun daidaita kan inganci.

A cikin Sweden, kamfanin masana'antu na SKF yana samar da ingantattun sassa don kayan aikin injiniya daban-daban na dogon lokaci. Babban dalilin shahararrun wadannan bangarorin shine gwajin tilas na ci gaban kafin ya shiga layin taron.

Don samar da kasuwar Turai ba kawai kwanciyar hankali ba, amma sama da duk motoci masu aminci da karko, an ƙirƙiri ƙaramin reshe na Volvo. A bisa hukuma, an kafa alamar a ranar 14.04.1927 ga Afrilu, XNUMX, lokacin da samfurin Jakob na farko ya bayyana.

Alamar motar ta ba da kamanninta ga manajoji biyu na masana'antun sassan Sweden. Waɗannan sune Gustaf Larson da Assar Gabrielsson. Assar shine Shugaba kuma Gustaf shine CTO na sabuwar motar da aka ƙera.

Gustav Larson

A tsawon shekarun da ya yi a SKF, Gabrielsson ya ga fa'idar kayayyakin da masana'antar ta samar a kan takwarorin wasu kamfanonin. Wannan a duk lokacin da ya gamsar da shi cewa Sweden na iya gabatar da ingantattun motoci masu kyau ga kasuwar duniya. Irin wannan ra'ayin ya goyi bayan ma'aikacinsa, Larson.

Assar Gabrielsson

Bayan abokan sun gamsar da kamfanin game da shawarar kirkirar sabuwar alama, Larson ya fara neman kwararrun kanikanci, sai kuma Gabrielsson ya kirkiro tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki da aiwatar da lissafi don aiwatar da ra'ayinsu. Motoci goma na farko an ƙirƙira su ne ta hanyar kuɗin ajiyar kuɗin Gabrielsson. Waɗannan motocin sun haɗu a masana'antar SKF, wani kamfani wanda ke da kaso na sabbin motocin.

Kamfanin na iyaye ya ba da 'yanci don aiwatar da dabarun aikin injiniya ga reshen, kuma ya ba da dama don ci gaban mutum. Godiya ga wannan, sabon salo yana da faifai mai ƙaddamarwa wanda yawancin sahabbai ba su da shi.

Abubuwa da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kamfanin:

1. Kamfanin iyaye sun ba da kayan aikin farko don haɗuwa da samfurin Volvo;
2. A Sweden, albashi ya yi karanci, wanda hakan ya ba da damar daukar isassun ma'aikata ga aikin;
3. Wannan ƙasar ta samar da ƙarfinta, wanda ya shahara a duk duniya, wanda ke nufin cewa sabbin kayan masarufi sun sami wadatar sabon mai kera kuɗi kaɗan;
4. Kasar ta bukaci samfurin motar ta;
5. An haɓaka masana'antu a cikin Sweden, wanda ya sauƙaƙa samun kwararru waɗanda zasu iya yin cancanta ba kawai taron jigilar kayayyaki ba, har ma su sanya masa kayayyakin gyara.

Alamar

Domin samfuran sabon kamfanin kera motoci ya zama fitacce a duk duniya (kuma wannan wani bangare ne na dabarun bunkasa alamomin), ana bukatar tambarin da zai nuna fifikon kamfanin. Kalmar Latin Volvo an ɗauke ta azaman sunan alama. Fassararsa (Na mirgina) ya fayyace babban yankin da kamfanin iyaye ke fitarwa - samar da takalmin ƙwallo.

Leiba ya bayyana a cikin 1927. Alamar baƙin ƙarfe, wacce ta yadu cikin al'adun ƙasashen yamma, an zaɓi shi azaman zane na musamman. An zana shi a matsayin da'ira tare da kibiya mai nuna yankin arewa maso gabas. Babu buƙatar yin bayani na dogon lokaci dalilin da yasa aka yanke wannan shawarar ta musamman, saboda Sweden tana da masana'antar ƙarfe mai tasowa, kuma ana fitar da samfurorinta kusan ko'ina cikin duniya.

Da farko, an yanke shawarar sanya lamba a tsakiyar babban tashar shan iska. Matsalar da kawai masu zanen suka fuskanta ita ce rashin ƙarancin radiator wanda za'a iya gyara alamar. Dole ne a gyara tambarin ko ta yaya a tsakiyar gidan radiator. Kuma hanya guda daya daga cikin yanayin shine don amfani da ƙarin abu (wanda ake kira mashaya). Ya kasance tsiri mai tsinkaye, wanda aka manne lambar, kuma shi kansa an gyara shi a gefunan radiator.

Kodayake motocin zamani suna da kariya ta asali, masana'antun sun yanke shawarar adana ɗayan ɗayan ɗayan maɓallin keɓaɓɓen tambarin mota.

Tarihin abin hawa a cikin samfuran

Don haka, samfurin farko daga layin taron Volvo shine Jakob ko OV4. “Firstbornan fari” na kamfanin ba shi da inganci kamar yadda ake tsammani. Gaskiyar ita ce, yayin aikin haɗin kanikanci sun sanya motar ba daidai ba. Bayan an warware matsalar, har yanzu motar bata sami karbuwa na musamman daga masu kallo ba. Dalilin shi ne cewa tana da buɗaɗɗe jiki, kuma ga ƙasar da ke da mawuyacin yanayi, rufe motoci sun fi amfani.

A karkashin murfin abin hawan, an sanya injin mai-doki mai hawa 28, wanda zai iya hanzarta motar zuwa saurin 4 km / h. wani fasalin motar shine akwatin. Maƙeran ya yanke shawarar amfani da ƙirar ƙira ta musamman a cikin motocin farko. Kowace ƙafa tana da abin magana da katako, an cire marata.

Baya ga gazawa a cikin ingancin taron da kuma zane, kamfanin ya kasa sanya motar ta zama mai farin jini, saboda injiniyoyin sun ba da lokaci mai yawa kan inganci, wanda hakan ya haifar da kirkirar mai zuwa na gaba.

Anan ga mahimman matakan kamfanin da suka bar alamarsu a tsarinta.

• 1928 An gabatar da Musamman PV4. Wannan sigar tsararriyar ce ce ta motar da ta gabata, mai siye kawai aka ba shi zaɓuɓɓukan jiki guda biyu: rufin ninkawa ko saman mai wuya.
• 1928 - An fara kera nau'ikan babbar mota-nau'ikan 1 a kan jirgi ɗaya kamar na Jakob.
• 1929 - gabatar da injininta na yadda yake tsarawa. Wannan gyare-gyare na ɓangaren silinda shida ya sami karɓa ta cikin injin PV651 (silinda 6, kujeru 5, jerin 1).
• 1930 - motar da ake ciki yanzu an sabunta ta: tana karɓar katako mai tsayi, wanda tuni mutane 7 zasu iya zama a cikin gidan. Waɗannan su ne Volvo TR671 da 672. Direbobin motocin haya ne ke amfani da motocin, kuma idan gidan ya cika gaba ɗaya, direban na iya amfani da tirela don jigilar fasinjoji.
• 1932 - Motar ta sami ƙarin haɓakawa. Don haka, rukunin wutar ya zama mai yawan gaske - lita 3,3, godiya ga wanda karfinsa ya karu zuwa 65 horsepower. A matsayin watsawa, sun fara amfani da gearbox mai saurin 4 maimakon kwatankwacin mai sauri 3.
• 1933 - Sigar kayan alatu na P654 ya bayyana. Motar ta sami ƙarin dakatarwa da kuma sanya murfin sauti mafi kyau. A cikin wannan shekarar, an gabatar da mota ta musamman wacce ba ta taɓa zuwa layin taron ba saboda masu sauraro ba su da shiri don irin wannan juyin juya halin. Bambancin samfurin Venus Bilo wanda aka haɗa hannu shine yana da kyawawan halaye na iska. Anyi amfani da irin wannan cigaban akan wasu samfuran zamanin.
• 1935 - Kamfanin ya ci gaba da sabunta hangen nesan Amurka na motoci. Don haka, sabon kujeru 6-Carioca PV36 ya fito. Farawa tare da wannan samfurin, motoci sun fara amfani da gishirin karewa. Rukunin farko na manyan motocin alfarma ya ƙunshi raka'a 500. A wannan shekarar, motar direban tasi ta sami sabon sabuntawa, kuma injin ɗin ya ƙara ƙarfi - 80 hp.
• 1936 - Kamfanin ya nace cewa farkon abinda yakamata ya kasance a cikin kowace mota shine aminci, sannan jin dadi da salo. Wannan ra'ayi yana bayyana a cikin duk samfuran da zasu biyo baya. Zamani na gaba na PV version ya bayyana. Yanzu kawai samfurin yana samun alamar 51. Wannan ya riga ya zama mai natsuwa 5 mai nishaɗi, amma ya fi na wanda ya gabace shi sauƙi, kuma a lokaci guda yana da ƙarfi.
• 1937 - Zamani mai zuwa PV (52) ya sami wasu fasali na ta'aziyya: abubuwan gani na rana, gilashin zafin rana, kujerun hannu a cikin ƙofofin ƙofa, da kuma juya baya.
• 1938 - Yanayin PV ya karɓi sabbin gyare-gyare tare da launuka iri-iri na masana'anta (burgundy, blue da kore). Sauye-sauye 55 da 56 suna da ƙarancin radiator, da kuma ingantattun kayan gani na gaba. A cikin wannan shekarar, jiragen ruwa na taksi na iya siyan samfurin kariya mai lamba PV801 (kamfanin ya shigar da kakkarfan gilashi tsakanin layuka na gaba da na baya). Gidan yanzu zai iya ɗaukar mutane 8, la'akari da direban.
• 1943-1944 saboda yakin duniya na biyu, kamfanin ba zai iya kera motoci kamar yadda ya saba ba, don haka ya koma ga kera motar bayan yakin. Aikin ya gudana da kyau kuma ya haifar da motar motar PV444. Sakinsa yana farawa a cikin shekara ta 44th. Wannan motar mai karfin 40 mai karfin gaske ita kadai ce (a cikin tarihin Volvo) da ke da karancin amfani da mai. Wannan lamarin ya sanya motar shahara sosai tsakanin masu ababen hawa da wadataccen kayan abu.
• 1951 - bayan nasarar sake fasalin PV444 cikin nasara, kamfanin ya yanke shawarar haɓaka motocin iyali. A farkon shekarun 50, Volvo Duett ya yanke layin taron. Yarjejeniyar wacce ta gabata ce, an canza jiki kawai don bukatun manyan iyalai.
• 1957 - Alamar kasar Sweden ta fara dabarun fadada duniya. Kuma mai kera motoci ya yanke shawarar jan hankalin masu sauraro tare da sabon Amazone, wanda aka inganta tsaro. Musamman, ita ce motar farko da aka saka mata bel.
• 1958 - Duk da ingancin tallace-tallace na samfurin da ya gabata, masana'anta sun yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da wani ƙarni na PV. Kamfanin ya fara bayyana kansa a gasannin mota. Don haka, Volvo PV444 ya ɗauki lambar yabo don lashe Gasar Turai a 58th, Grand Prix a Argentina a cikin wannan shekarar, kuma har ila yau a cikin gasar haduwar Turai a rukunin mata a 59th.
• 1959 - Kamfanin ya shiga kasuwar Amurka tare da 122S.
• 1961 - An gabatar da kursiyin P1800 na wasanni kuma ya sami kyaututtukan zane da yawa.
• Shekarar 1966 - Aka fara kirkirar wata na'ura mafi aminci - Volvo144. Ya yi amfani da ci gaban tsarin birki biyu, kuma an yi amfani da watsa katin a cikin sitiyarin, don haka idan haɗari ya kama shi kuma ba ya cutar da direban.
• 1966 - sigar da ta fi karfi ta wasan Amazone ta bayyana - 123GT.
• 1967 - An fara taron karba na 145 da kofa biyu 142S a wuraren samarwa.
• Shekarar 1968 - kamfanin ya gabatar da wata sabuwar motar alfarma - Volvo 164. Tuni aka saka injin mai karfin doki 145 karkashin murfin motar, wanda hakan ya baiwa motar damar kaiwa wani matsakaicin gudun kilomita 145 a awa daya.
• 1971 - Sabon zagaye na kayan siye da sayarwa ya fara. Da yawa samfurai sun riga sun rasa dacewar su, kuma ba shi da wata riba a zamanantar da su. A saboda wannan dalili, kamfanin yana sakin sabon 164E, wanda ke amfani da tsarin mai allura. Enginearfin injin ya kai ƙarfin 175.
• 1974 - An gabatar da siga shida na 240 kuma biyu - 260. A karo na biyu, an yi amfani da mota, injiniyoyi daga kamfanoni uku suka haɓaka - Renault, Peugeot da Volvo. Duk da rashin bayyanar su, motocin sun sami mafi girman maki dangane da aminci.
• 1976 - kamfanin ya gabatar da ci gaban sa, wanda aka tsara shi don rage abubuwan cikin abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin sharar motoci saboda rashin ingancin konewar iska da mai. An kira wannan ci gaban Lambda bincike (zaka iya karanta game da ka'idar aikin firikwensin oxygen daban). Kamfanin ya sami lambar yabo daga wata kungiyar kare muhalli don kirkirar na'urar hangen nesa.
• 1976 - A daidaici, an bada sanarwar tattalin arziki da daidaito Volvo 343.
• 1977 - Kamfanin, tare da taimakon gidan zane-zane na Italiyanci Bertone, ya kirkiro shimfida mai kyau 262.
• 1979 - tare da gyare-gyare na gaba na samfuran da aka riga aka sani, ƙaramin sedan 345 tare da injin 70hp ya bayyana.
• 1980 - mai kera motoci ya yanke shawarar gyara injunan da ke wancan lokacin. Rukunin turbocharged ya bayyana, wanda aka sanya a kan motar fasinja.
• 1982 - samar da sabon samfuri - Volvo760 ya fara. Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade na samfurin shine cewa rukunin dizal, wanda aka bayar azaman zaɓi, na iya haɓaka mota zuwa ɗari a cikin sakan 13. A wancan lokacin, ita ce motar da ta fi ƙarfin gaske tare da injin dizal.
• 1984 - Wani sabon abu daga samfurin Sweden mai lamba 740 GLE an sake shi tare da sabuwar motar wacce a cikinta aka rage karfin karfin gogayyar kayan saduwa.
• 1985 - Nuna Motar Geneva ya nuna wani aikin hadin gwiwar injiniyoyin Sweden da masu zanen Italiyanci - 780, wanda jikinsa ya ratsa ta dakin zane-zane na Bertone a Turin.
• 1987 - An gabatar da sabuwar kyankyashe 480 tare da sabbin tsare-tsaren tsaro, dakatarwar baya mai zaman kanta, rufin rana, kullewa ta tsakiya, ABS da sauran fasahohin zamani.
• 1988 - Canjin 740 GTL ya bayyana.
• 1990 - An maye gurbin 760 da Volvo 960, wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aunin aminci, haɗe shi tare da injin mai ƙarfi da watsawa mai inganci.
• 1991 - 850 GL ya gabatar da ƙarin tsarin tsaro irin su kariya mai tasiri ga direba da fasinjoji da kuma sanya rigunan bel na gabanin karo.
• 1994 - Misali mafi karfi a tarihin kera motoci na Sweden ya bayyana - 850 T-5R. Underarkashin murfin motar wani injinan turbo ne wanda ke haɓaka ƙarfin doki 250.
• 1995 - Sakamakon haɗin gwiwa tare da Mitsubishi, samfurin da aka tara a Holland ya bayyana - S40 da V40.
• 1996 - kamfanin ya gabatar da C70 mai canzawa. Production na jerin 850th ya ƙare. Madadin haka, samfurin 70 a cikin jikin S (sedan) da V (tashar motar) ya zama mai ɗaukar kaya.
• 1997 - jerin S80 ya bayyana - mota mai daraja ta kasuwanci, wacce aka kera ta da injin turbocharged da kuma tsarin tuka-tarko.
• 2000 - alama ta sake cika layin keken hawa mai sauƙi tare da ƙirar Countryasar Crossetare.
• 2002 - Volvo ya zama mai ƙera kayan masarufi da SUVs. XC90 an gabatar dashi a Detroit Auto Show.

A cikin 2017, manajan kamfanin ya ba da sanarwa mai ban mamaki: mai kera motoci yana ta ƙaura daga kera motocin da aka keɓe da keɓaɓɓu da injunan ƙonewa na ciki kuma yana sauyawa zuwa ci gaban motocin lantarki da na zamani. Kwanan nan, kamfanin na Sweden shima ya shirya iyakance saurin gudun ababen hawan sa zuwa kasashen waje zuwa kilomita 180 / h domin inganta lafiyar hanya.

Ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo akan dalilin da yasa har yanzu ake ɗaukar motocin Volvo mafi aminci:

Me yasa aka dauki Volvo daya daga cikin motoci mafi aminci

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Wanene ya mallaki Volvo? Volvo Cars wani kamfanin kera motoci ne na Sweden wanda aka kafa a 1927. Tun a watan Maris na shekarar 2010, kamfanin ya kasance mallakin kamfanin kera motoci na kasar Sin Geely Automobile.

A ina aka yi Volvo XC90? Sabanin sanannen imani cewa samfuran Volvo suna haɗuwa a Norway, Switzerland ko Jamus, masana'antun Turai suna cikin Torslanda (Sweden) da Ghent (Belgium).

Yaya aka fassara kalmar Volvo? An yi amfani da kalmar Latin "Volvo" ta SRF (alamar iyayen kamfanin) a matsayin taken. Fassara a matsayin "juyawa, juyi." Bayan lokaci, zaɓin "roll" ya kasance.