Tarihin motar Citroen

Citroen sanannen alama ce ta Faransa, mai hedikwata a babban birnin al'adu na duniya, Paris. Kamfanin yana cikin damuwar motar Peugeot-Citroen. Ba da daɗewa ba, kamfanin ya fara haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanin China Dongfeng, godiya ga abin da motocin alamar ke karɓar kayan aikin fasaha.

Koyaya, duk ya fara da ladabi. Ga labarin sanannen sanannen duniya wanda ya ƙunshi yanayi mara kyau da yawa waɗanda ke damun gudanarwa.

Founder

A cikin 1878, an haife Andre a cikin dangin Citroen, wanda ke da asalin Ukrainian. Bayan karɓar ilimin fasaha, wani ƙwararren matashi ya sami aiki a wata ƙaramar ƙungiya da ke ƙera kayayyakin gyara na locomotives na tururi. Maigida a hankali ya bunkasa. Experiencewarewar da aka samu da ƙwarewar sarrafawa mai kyau sun taimaka masa ya sami matsayin darakta a sashin fasaha a kamfanin Mors.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ,aya, masana'antar ta tsunduma cikin ƙirƙirar bawo don manyan bindigogin sojojin Faransa. Lokacin da tashin ya ƙare, shugaban shuka dole ne ya yanke hukunci game da bayanin, tunda makaman ba su da riba sosai. Andre bai yi la'akari da la'akari da bin hanyar motar kera motoci ba. Koyaya, yana sane da cewa wannan ƙirar na iya zama mai fa'ida sosai.

Ari da, mai ƙwarewar ya riga ya sami cikakken ƙwarewar kanikanci. Wannan ya sa shi ya sami dama kuma ya ba sabon kwas na hanyar samarwa. An yi rijistar alamar a cikin 1919, kuma ta karɓi sunan wanda ya kafa sunan. Da farko, yayi tunanin ƙirƙirar ƙirar mota mai ƙwarewa, amma amfani ya dakatar da shi. André ya fahimta sarai cewa yana da mahimmanci ba kawai ƙirƙirar mota ba, amma don bawa mai siye abu mai araha. Wani abu makamancin haka ya yi ta zamaninsa, Henry Ford.

Alamar

An zaɓi zane na zane biyu a matsayin tushen alamar. Yana da kayan aiki na musamman tare da hakora masu siffa ta V. Wanda ya kafa kamfanin ya gabatar da takardar izinin yin irin wannan bangare a shekarar 1905.

Samfurin yana cikin tsananin buƙata, musamman a cikin manyan motoci. Mafi yawanci, umarni na zuwa daga kamfanonin kera jiragen ruwa. Misali, sanannen Titanic yana da kayan aiki na chevron a cikin wasu hanyoyin.

Lokacin da aka kafa kamfanin mota, wanda ya kirkira ya yanke shawarar amfani da wani tsari na abin da ya kirkira - chevron biyu. Duk tsawon tarihin kamfanin, tambarin ya canza sau tara, duk da haka, kamar yadda kuke gani a cikin hoton, babban abin da yake a koyaushe ya kasance iri ɗaya.

Keɓaɓɓen tambarin motocin da kamfanin ya samar, DS yana amfani da tambarin da ke da alaƙa da babban tambarin. Motoci kuma suna amfani da chevron mai ninki biyu, gefenta ne kawai suke yin harafin S, kuma kusa da ita shine harafin D.

Tarihin abin hawa a cikin samfuran

Tarihin ci gaban fasahohin da kamfanin yayi amfani da shi ana iya samo shi ga samfuran da ke zuwa daga masu jigilar kayayyaki. Ga rangadin tarihi cikin sauri.

• 1919 - André Citroen ya ƙaddamar da samfurin ƙirar sa ta farko, nau'ikan A. Injin ƙonewa na ciki mai hawa 18 ya sami wadataccen tsarin sanyaya ruwa. Yawan sa ya kai santimita 1327. Matsakaicin gudu ya kasance kilomita 65 a awa daya. Abinda motar ta kera shi ne cewa ta yi amfani da fitilu da kuma lantarki. Hakanan, samfurin ya zama mai arha sosai, saboda abin da ya kewaya kusan kusan 100 a kowace rana.
• 1919 - Tattaunawa suna kan aiki tare da GM don sabon injin kera motoci ya zama wani ɓangare na shi. Yarjejeniyar ta kusan sanya hannu, amma a ƙarshe lokacin da ake zargin kamfanin iyaye ya goyi bayan yarjejeniyar. Wannan ya ba kamfanin damar kasancewa mai cin gashin kansa har zuwa 1934.
• 1919-1928 Citroen yayi amfani da babbar hanyar talla a duniya, wacce aka shigar a cikin Guinness Book of Records - Eiffel Tower. Don "inganta" alamar, wanda ya kafa kamfanin yana ɗaukar nauyin balaguro zuwa ƙasashen Afirka, Arewacin Amurka da Asiya. A kowane hali, ya samar da motocinsa, ta haka yana nuna amincin waɗannan motocin masu arha.
• 1924 - Alamar ta nuna halittarta ta gaba, B10. Ita ce motar Turai ta farko mai jikin ƙarfe. A Nunin Auto na Paris, motar ba kawai ta masu motoci ba, har ma da masu sukar ta so. Koyaya, shahararren samfurin ya wuce da sauri, saboda masu fafatawa galibi suna gabatar da motoci marasa canzawa, amma a cikin wani jikin daban, kuma Citroen ya jinkirta wannan. Saboda wannan, abin da kawai masu sha'awar masu shaye-shaye a wancan lokacin suka kasance shine farashin motocin Faransa.
• 1933 - samfura biyu sun bayyana lokaci ɗaya. Wannan shi ne Gogayya Avant, wanda ya yi amfani da jikin kifin na monocoque, dakatarwar gaban kansa mai zaman kanta da motar-gaba. Misali na biyu shine Rossalie, a ƙarƙashin murfin wanda akwai injin dizal.
• 1934 - saboda manyan saka hannun jari a cikin cigaban sabbin samfuran, kamfanin yayi fatarar kuɗi kuma ya shiga mallakar ɗayan masu bashi - Michelin. Bayan shekara guda, wanda ya kirkiro da alamar Citroen ya mutu. Wannan yana zuwa wani lokaci mai wahala, wanda a lokacin, saboda mawuyacin dangantaka tsakanin hukumomin Faransa da Jamus, aka tilasta kamfanin yin ci gaban ɓoye.
• 1948 - a bikin baje kolin motoci na Paris, karamin samfuri mai karamin karfi (dawakai 12 ne kawai) 2CV ya bayyana, wanda ya zama mafi kyawun kasuwa, kuma ana sake shi har zuwa 1990. Carananan motar ba kawai tattalin arziki ba ne, amma abin mamaki abin dogaro ne. Bugu da kari, mai mota da matsakaicin kudin shiga zai iya sarin irin wannan motar kyauta. Yayinda masana'antun duniya ke ƙoƙarin jan hankalin masu sauraro tare da motocin motsa jiki na yau da kullun, Citroen yana tara masu motoci masu amfani a kusa da shi.
• 1955 - fara samar da shahararriyar alama, wacce ta bayyana a karkashin jagorancin wannan kamfanin. Samfurin farko na sabon yanki shine DS. Takaddun fasaha na waɗannan ƙirar sun nuna lamba 19, 23, da dai sauransu, wanda ke nuna ƙarar ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka sanya a cikin motar. Wani fasalin motar shine bayyananniyar bayyanarsa da asalin ƙarancin ƙasa (menene wannan, karanta a nan). Samfurin ya fara karɓar birki, dakatarwar iska, wanda zai iya daidaita ƙetaren ƙasa. Injiniyoyin damuwa Mercedes-Benz sun zama masu sha'awar wannan ra'ayin, amma ba za a iya ba da izini ba, don haka ci gaban dakatarwa daban-daban wanda ke canza tsayin motar ya kasance kusan shekaru 15. A cikin 68th, motar ta sami wani sabon ci gaba - ruwan tabarau na gani na gaba. Nasarar samfurin kuma saboda amfani da ramin iska, wanda ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar siffar jiki tare da kyawawan halaye na iska.
• 1968 - Bayan saka hannun jari da yawa da ba su yi nasara ba, kamfanin ya sayi mashahurin mai kera motar wasanni Maserati. Wannan yana ba da damar abin hawa mai ƙarfi don jawo hankalin masu siye masu aiki.
• 1970 - An ƙirƙiri samfurin SM bisa ɗayan motocin motsa jiki da aka siya. Ya yi amfani da naúrar lita 2,7 mai ɗauke da horsepower 170. Tsarin tuƙi, bayan juyawa, da kansa ya motsa ƙafafun juyawa zuwa madaidaiciya-layi. Hakanan, motar ta karɓi sanannen dakatarwar hydropneumatic.
• 1970 - Kirkirar samfurin da ya cike gibin da ke tsakanin karamin karamin gari 2CV da kuma mai kayatarwa mai tsada. Wannan motar ta GS ta tura kamfanin zuwa matsayi na biyu bayan Peugeot tsakanin masana'antar kera motocin Faransa.
• 1975-1976 alamar ta sake sake fatarar kudi, duk da sayar da wasu rukunoni da yawa, gami da rukunin motocin Berliet da kuma motocin Maserati.
• 1976 - aka kirkiro kungiyar PSA Peugeot-Citroen, wacce ke samar da motoci masu kauri da yawa. Daga cikinsu akwai samfurin Peugeot 104, GS, Dayan, samfurin homologation 2CV, SH. Koyaya, abokan haɗin gwiwar ba su da sha'awar ci gaban cigaban rukunin Citroen, don haka suna neman sakewa.
• Shekarar 1980s gudanar da rarrabuwa yana cikin wani yanayi na bakin ciki lokacin da duk motoci suke kan dandamalin Peugeot. A farkon 90s, Citroen kusan ba shi da bambanci da samfuran sahabbai.
• 1990 - alama ta faɗaɗa faren cinikinta, yana jan hankalin masu siye daga Amurka, ƙasashen Soviet bayan-Soviet, Gabashin Turai da China.
• 1992 - gabatar da samfurin Xantia, wanda ya canza ci gaba da ƙirar duk motocin kamfanin.
• 1994 - Farkon karon farko da aka fara.
• 1996 - masu motoci sun karɓi motar gidan Berlingo mai amfani.
• 1997 - dangin samfurin Xsara suka bayyana, wanda ya zama sananne sosai.
• 2000 - fitowar C5 na sedan, wanda ana iya ƙirƙirar shi azaman maye gurbin Xantia. Farawa da shi, "zamanin" na samfurin C ke farawa. Duniyar masu ababen hawa suna karɓar ƙaramar mota C8, Motocin C4 da S2 a cikin jikin hatchback, biranen C1 da C6 mai tsada sedan.
• 2002 wani sanannen samfurin C3 ya bayyana.

A yau, kamfanin ya ci gaba da ƙoƙari don samun girmamawa ga masu sauraro a duk duniya tare da gicciye, motocin haɗin kai da haɗuwa da sanannun samfura. A cikin 2010, an gabatar da batun samfurin lantarki na Survolt.

A ƙarshe, muna ba da shawarar kallon taƙaitaccen bayyani game da almara DS mota na 50s:

Baiwar Allah: mota mafi kyau a duniya? Citroen DS (gwaji da tarihi)

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

A ina aka kera motar Citroen? Da farko, an tattara samfuran Citroen a Faransa, sannan kuma a masana'antar tarihi a Spain: a cikin biranen Vigo, Onet-sous-Bois da Ren-la-Jane. Yanzu motoci suna taru a masana'antar PSA Peugeot Citroen. rukuni.

Menene samfuran alamar Citroen? Jerin samfuran samfuran sun haɗa da: DS (1955), 2 CV (1963), Acadiane (1987), AMI (1977), BX (1982), CX (1984), AX (1986), Berlingo (2015), C1- C5, Jumper, da dai sauransu.

Wanene ya sayi Citroen? Tun 1991 ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar PSA Peugeot Citroen. A cikin 2021, an dakatar da ƙungiyar saboda haɗewar ƙungiyoyin PSA da Fiat Chrysler (FCA). Yanzu shine kamfanin Stellantis.