Tarihin kamfanin kera motoci na Renault
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Tarihin kamfanin kera motoci na Renault

Renault yana daya daga cikin shahararrun masana'antun a Turai kuma daya daga cikin tsofaffin masana'antun mota.

Groupe Renault kamfani ne na kasa da kasa na kera motoci, manyan motoci, da taraktoci, tankokin yaki da motocin dogo.

A cikin 2016, Renault ita ce ta tara mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar kera kera motoci, kuma Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi-Alliance ita ce ta huɗu mafi girma a duniya.

Amma ta yaya Renault ya zama cikin motar yau?

Yaushe Renault ya fara kera motoci?

Tarihin kamfanin kera motoci na Renault

Renault an kafa shi ne a 1899 a matsayin Societe Renault Freres daga brothersan uwan ​​Louis, Marcel da Fernand Renault. Louis ya riga ya tsara kuma ya gina samfura da yawa yayin da 'yan'uwansa suka inganta ƙwarewar kasuwancin su ta hanyar aiki da kamfanin masakar mahaifin su. Yayi aiki kwarai da gaske, Louis shine mai kula da zane da kuma samarwa, sannan sauran yan uwan ​​biyu suka gudanar da kasuwancin.

Motar farko ta Renault ita ce Renault Voiturette 1CV. An sayar da shi ga abokin mahaifinsu a cikin 1898.

A cikin 1903, Renault ya fara samar da injinan kansa, kamar yadda suka saya a baya daga De Dion-Bouton. Sayarwar farko da suka yi ta faru ne a shekarar 1905 lokacin da kamfanin Societe des Automobiles de Place ya sayi motocin Renault AG1. Anyi wannan don ƙirƙirar motocin tasi, waɗanda daga baya sojojin Faransa suka yi amfani da su don jigilar sojoji yayin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya. A 1907, Renault ya gina wasu motocin tasi na London da Paris. Hakanan sune mafi kyawun kasuwancin ƙasashen waje a cikin New York a cikin 1907 da 1908. A lokacin, koyaya, motocin Renault an san su da kayan alatu. An siyar da ƙaramar Renaults akan F3000 francs. Wannan shine albashin matsakaicin ma'aikaci na shekaru goma. Sun fara samar da kayan masarufi a shekarar 1905.

Ya kasance a wannan lokacin ne Renault ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar tashar motsa jiki kuma ya yi suna da kansa tare da tseren birni-birni na farko a Switzerland. Dukansu Louis da Marseille sun yi tsere, amma Marseille ta mutu a cikin hadari yayin tseren Paris-Madrid a cikin 1903. Louis bai sake yin tsere ba, amma kamfanin ya ci gaba da tsere.

Zuwa 1909, Louis shine kadai dan uwan ​​da ya rage bayan Fernand ya mutu saboda rashin lafiya. Ba da daɗewa ba Renault ya sauya suna zuwa Renault Automobile Company.

Me ya faru da Renault a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya?

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Renault ya fara kera harsasai da injina na jiragen soji. Abin sha'awa, injunan jirgin sama na farko na Rolls-Royce sune raka'a Renault V8.

Manufofin soja sun shahara sosai har aka baiwa Louis kyautar ionungiyar girmamawa saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa.

Bayan yakin, Renault ya fadada don samar da injunan noma da masana'antu. Nau'in GP, ​​taraktan farko na Renault, an samar dashi ne daga shekarar 1919 zuwa 1930 bisa dogaro da tankin FT.

Koyaya, Renault yayi gwagwarmaya don gogayya da ƙananan motoci masu araha, kasuwar hannayen jari tana tafiyar hawainiya kuma ma'aikata suna jinkirta haɓakar kamfanin. Don haka, a cikin 1920, Louis ya sanya hannu kan ɗayan kwangilar rarrabawa na farko tare da Gustave Goede.

Har zuwa 1930, duk samfuran Renault suna da siffa ta ƙarshen ƙarshe. Wannan ya samo asali ne ta wurin wurin sanya radiator a bayan injin don bashi "carbon bonnet". Wannan ya canza a cikin 1930 lokacin da aka sanya lagireto a gaba a cikin samfuran. Ya kasance a wannan lokacin Renault ya canza lambarsa zuwa siffar lu'ulu'u da muka sani kamar yadda yake a yau.

Renault a ƙarshen 1920s da 1930s

Tarihin kamfanin kera motoci na Renault

A ƙarshen 1920s da ko'ina cikin 1930s, an samar da jerin Renault. Wadannan sun hada da 6cv, 10cv, Monasix da Vivasix. A cikin 1928, Renault ya samar da motoci 45. Ananan motoci sun fi shahara kuma babba, 809 / 18cv, sune mafi ƙarancin samfuri.

Kasuwar Burtaniya ta kasance da mahimmanci ga Renault saboda tana da girma ƙwarai. An tura motocin da aka gyara daga Burtaniya zuwa Arewacin Amurka. Zuwa 1928, duk da haka, tallace-tallace a cikin Amurka sun kusan sifili saboda wadatar abokan hamayyarsu kamar Cadillac.

Renault ya kuma ci gaba da kera injunan jirgin sama bayan yakin duniya na 1930. A cikin 1930s, kamfanin ya karɓi kera jirgin Caudron. Ya kuma sami hannun jari a kamfanin Air France. Renault Cauldron jirgin sama ya sanya rikodin saurin duniya da yawa a cikin XNUMXs.
Kusan lokaci guda, Citroen ya zarce Renault a matsayin babban mai kera motoci a Faransa.

Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa samfuran Citroen sun kasance masu ƙwarewa da shahara fiye da Renaults. Koyaya, Babban Tsanani ya ɓarke ​​a tsakiyar 1930s. Yayin da Renault ya yi watsi da kera taraktoci da makamai, an ayyana Citroen fatarar kuɗi kuma daga baya Michelin ya saya shi. Renault sannan ya dawo da kofin babban kamfanin kera motoci na Faransa. Za su ci gaba da wannan matsayin har zuwa 1980s.

Renault, kodayake, ba shi da kariya daga rikicin tattalin arziki kuma ya sayar da Coudron a cikin 1936. Wannan ya biyo bayan jerin rikice-rikice na aiki da yajin aiki a Renault wanda ya bazu cikin masana'antar kera motoci. An kawo karshen wadannan rikice-rikicen, wadanda suka haifar da sama da mutane 2000 rasa ayyukan yi.

Me ya faru da Renault a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II?

Bayan Nazis sun karɓi Faransa, Louis Renault ya ƙi kera tankokin yaƙi na Nazi Jamus. Madadin haka, ya gina manyan motoci.

A watan Maris na 1932, Sojojin Sama na Burtaniya sun kaddamar da kananan jiragen bama-bamai a tashar Billancourt, wadanda suka fi kowa jefa bama-bamai a cikin yakin. Wannan ya haifar da babbar asara da asarar rayukan fararen hula. Kodayake sun yi kokarin sake gina shuka da wuri-wuri, amma Amurkawa sun sake jefa bama-bamai sau da yawa.

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, tsiron ya sake buɗewa. Koyaya, a cikin 1936 tsire-tsire ya faɗi cikin mummunan tashin hankalin siyasa da masana'antu. Wannan ya fito fili ne sakamakon mulkin kungiyar shahararren dan adawa. Tashin hankali da makircin da ya biyo bayan 'yantar da Faransa ya addabi masana'antar. Majalisar Ministocin ta karbe kamfanin a karkashin jagorancin de Gaulle. Ya kasance mai adawa da gurguzu da siyasa, Billancourt ya kasance katangar kwaminisanci.

Yaushe Louis Renault ya tafi kurkuku?

Gwamnatin wucin gadin ta zargi Louis Renault da hada kai da Jamusawa. Wannan ya kasance ne a lokacin da aka sami 'yanci, kuma yawan zargi ya zama ruwan dare. An ba shi shawarar yin aiki a matsayin alkali, kuma ya bayyana a gaban alƙali a watan Satumba na 1944.

Tare da wasu shugabannin Faransa na motsi mota, an kama shi a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1944. Kwarewarsa wajen sarrafa yajin aiki a cikin shekaru goman da suka gabata na nuna cewa ba shi da abokan siyasa kuma babu wanda ya taimaka masa. An tura shi kurkuku kuma ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1944, yana jiran shari'a.

Kamfanin ya zama na ƙasa bayan mutuwarsa, masana'antar kawai da gwamnatin Faransa ta ƙwace har abada. Iyalin Renault sun yi ƙoƙari su sauya ƙasashe, amma hakan bai yiwu ba.

Bayan yakin Renault

Tarihin kamfanin kera motoci na Renault

A lokacin yakin, Louis Renault a asirce ya kirkiro injin baya na 4CV. An ƙaddamar da shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pierre Lefoschot a cikin 1946. Ya kasance dan takara mai karfi ga Morris Minor da Volkswagen Beetle. An sayar da kofi sama da 500000 kuma samarwar ta kasance cikin samarwa har zuwa 1961.

Renault ya ƙaddamar da ƙirar tutar sa, Renault Fregate mai lita 2 a cikin 4. Wannan ya biyo bayan samfurin Dauphine, wanda ya sayar sosai a ƙasashen waje, gami da Afirka da Arewacin Amurka. Koyaya, nan da nan ya zama tsoho idan aka kwatanta da kwatankwacin Chevrolet Corvair.

Sauran motocin da aka kera a wannan lokacin sun hada da Renault 4, wanda ya yi gogayya da Citroen 2CV, da kuma Renault 10 da kuma Renault mai martaba mafi daukaka 16. Ya kasance kyankyasar kwanar da aka samar a shekarar 1966.

Yaushe Renault ya yi tarayya da Kamfanin Motors na Amurka?

Renault yana da haɗin gwiwa tare da Nash Motors Rambler da American Motors Corporation. A cikin 1962, Renault ya tattara kayan ƙwallon sedan na Rambler Classic a masana'anta a Belgium. Rambler Renault ya kasance madadin motocin Mercedes Fintail.

Renault yayi haɗin gwiwa tare da American Motors, yana siyan kashi 22,5% na kamfanin a 1979. R5 shine samfurin Renault na farko da aka sayar ta hanyar dillalan AMC. AMC ta ci karo da wasu matsaloli kuma ta sami kanta a kan dabarar fatara. Renault ya bayar da belin AMC cikin tsabar kudi kuma ya ƙare da kashi 47,5% na AMC. Sakamakon wannan haɗin gwiwa shine tallan motocin Jeep a Turai. An kuma yi amfani da ƙafafun Renault da kujeru.

Bayan haka, Renault ya sayar da AMC ga Chrysler bayan kisan shugaban Renault Georges Besse a 1987. An daina shigo da Renault bayan 1989.

A wannan lokacin Renault kuma ya kafa rassan kamfanoni tare da sauran masana'antun da yawa. Wannan ya haɗa da Dacia a Romania da Kudancin Amurka, da Volvo da Peugeot. Ƙarshen haɗin gwiwar fasaha ne kuma ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Renault 30, Peugeot 604 da Volvo 260.

Lokacin da Peugeot ya sami Citroen, an rage dangantaka da Renault, amma haɗin gwiwa ya ci gaba.

Yaushe aka kashe Georges Besse?

Besse ya zama shugaban Renault a cikin Janairu 1985. Ya shiga kamfanin a lokacin da Renault ba shi da riba.

Da farko, ba shi da farin jini sosai, ya rufe masana’antu kuma ya kori ma’aikata sama da 20. Bess ya ba da shawarar haɗin gwiwa tare da AMC, wanda ba kowa ya amince da shi ba. Ya kuma sayar da kadarori da yawa, gami da hannun jarinsa a Volvo, kuma kusan ya janye Renault daga tashar mota.

Koyaya, Georges Besse ya juya kamfanin gaba ɗaya kuma ya ba da rahoton riba 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa.

Kungiyar Action Directe, kungiyar masu gwagwarmayar neman sauyi ta kashe shi, sannan an kame wasu mata biyu tare da tuhumar sa da kisan kai. Sun yi ikirarin cewa an kashe shi ne saboda garambawul a Renault. Kisan kuma yana da nasaba da tattaunawa game da kamfanin nukiliya na Eurodif.
Raymond Levy ya maye gurbin Bess, wanda ya ci gaba da yanke kamfanin. A cikin 1981, aka saki Renault 9, wanda aka zaba a matsayin Motar Baƙin Turai. Ya sayar da kyau a Faransa amma Renault 11 ya kama shi.

Yaushe Renault ya saki Clio?

An sake Renault Clio a cikin Mayu 1990. Shi ne samfurin farko don maye gurbin masu gano dijital tare da takaddun suna. An zaɓe ta Motocin Baƙin Turai na andarshe kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun motoci a Turai a cikin 1990s. Ya kasance babban mai siyarwa koyaushe kuma ana yaba shi da dawo da martabar Renault.

Renault Clio 16V Kasuwancin Nicole Papa na gargajiya

An saki ƙarni na biyu Clio a cikin Maris 1998 kuma ya kasance mafi girma fiye da magabata. A shekara ta 2001, an gudanar da babban gyaran fuska, a lokacin da aka canza bayyanar kuma an ƙara injin dizal mai lita 1,5. Clio yana cikin kashi na uku a cikin 2004, kuma na huɗu a cikin 2006. Yana da wani sabon salo na baya da kuma ingantacciyar keɓancewa ga duk samfura.

Clio na yanzu yana cikin Mataki na 2009 kuma an sake shi a cikin Afrilu XNUMX tare da sake ƙirar gaba.

A cikin 2006, an sake ba ta suna Car na Shekara ta Turai, wanda ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin motoci uku da aka ba lambar. Sauran biyun sune Volkswagen Golf da Opel (Vauxhall) Astra.

Yaushe aka siyar da Renault?

An bayyana shirin sayar da hannun jari ga masu saka hannun jari a cikin 1994, kuma zuwa 1996 Renault ya kasance mai zaman kansa. Wannan yana nufin cewa Renault na iya komawa kasuwannin Gabashin Turai da Kudancin Amurka.

A watan Disamba na 1996 Renault yayi aiki tare da General Motors Turai don haɓaka motocin kasuwanci masu sauƙi fara daga ƙarni na biyu Trafic.

Koyaya, Renault har yanzu yana neman abokin tarayya don jimre haɓakar masana'antu.

Yaushe Renault ya kulla kawance da Nissan?

Renault ya shiga tattaunawa tare da BMW, Mitsubishi da Nissan, kuma an fara kawance da Nissan a cikin Maris 1999.

Kawancen Renault-Nissan shine farkon irin sa wanda ya hada da samfuran Japan da Faransa. Da farko kamfanin Renault ya samu kaso 36,8% a cikin kamfanin Nissan, yayin da shi kuma Nissan ya samu kaso 15% na wadanda ba su kada kuri'a a kamfanin na Renault. Renault har yanzu kamfani ne mai zaman kansa, amma ya haɗu da Nissan don rage farashin. Sun kuma gudanar da bincike tare a kan batutuwa kamar jigilar fitowar sifiri.

Tare, Renault-Nissan Alliance ke sarrafa iri goma ciki har da Infiniti, Dacia, Alpine, Datsun, Lada da Venucia. Mitsubishi ya shiga Hadin gwiwar a wannan shekarar (2017) kuma tare sune manyan masana'antun kera motocin lantarki na duniya tare da ma'aikata kusan 450. Tare suna siyar da motoci sama da 000 cikin 1 a duk duniya.

Renault da motocin lantarki

Renault shine # 2013 mai sayar da lantarki a cikin XNUMX.

Tarihin kamfanin kera motoci na Renault

Renault ya shiga yarjejeniyar ba da sifiri a shekara ta 2008, ciki har da Portugal, Denmark da jihohin Tennessee da Oregon na Amurka.

Renault Zoe ita ce motar da ta fi sayar da duk wata motar lantarki a Turai a cikin 2015 tare da rajista 18. Zoe ya ci gaba da kasancewa kan gaba wajen sayar da motocin lantarki a Turai a farkon rabin 453. Zoe yana da kashi 2016% na tallace-tallacen motocin lantarki na duniya, Kangoo ZE na 54% da Twizy na 24%. tallace-tallace.

Wannan ya kawo mu zuwa yau. Renault ya shahara sosai a Turai kuma motocinsu masu amfani da lantarki suna zama sananne yayin ci gaban fasaha. Renault na shirin gabatar da fasahar ababen hawa mai sarrafa kansa nan da shekarar 2020, kuma an gabatar da mai zuwa Zoe mai zuwa a watan Fabrairun 2014.

Renault ya ci gaba da samun wuri mai mahimmanci a masana'antar kera motoci kuma muna tsammanin za su ci gaba na ɗan lokaci.

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