Gwajin gwajin Honda Civic Type R: jikin motar

Gabatarwar da tuki na Honda Civic Type R a Bulgaria wani dalili ne na juya ga ainihin wannan samfurin.

Bayan dawowar dutsen Formula 1 da kuma wani canji daga yanayin da ake so zuwa na'urorin mai na turbo, jajircewar injiniyoyin Honda na gab da biya. Bayan shekaru masu yawa na nasara a wannan wasa na musamman, masu zanen Honda da masu gudanarwa sun ji cewa suna da isasshen gwaninta don dawowa cikin nasara a fage. Amma abubuwa sun zama mafi rikitarwa, kuma injinan allura na zamani kai tsaye, hade da tsarin gaurayawan da ke amfani da hanyoyi biyu don samarwa da isar da makamashi, sun zama kalubale. Abubuwa ba su da kyau sosai a farkon, akwai batutuwa tare da turbocharger maras kyau da kuma shimfidawa, wanda ya haifar da raguwar iko. Amma tare da tarin lokaci da ci gaban tsarin, canza tsarin, kayan aiki da sarrafawa, ƙirƙirar tsarin konewa tare da ɗakin farko, sun fara fada cikin wuri. Tun daga kakar wasa mai zuwa, kungiyar Red Bull za ta karbi tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki daga Honda, kuma wannan alama ce da ke nuna cewa injiniyoyin kasar Japan sun sake samun hanyar da ta dace. Kamar yadda, ta hanyar, sau da yawa a cikin tarihinsa. Honda ba kawai magana ce ta tunanin Jafananci ba, har ma da nata ra'ayi. Abin da ba za ta yi kasa a gwiwa ba shi ne kasancewa a kan gaba a fannin injiniya, ko ya kawo mata babbar riba ko a’a. Duka a motorsport da kuma a cikin hakikanin duniya Honda nuna sassauci da kuma ikon canza, da kuma tsauri halaye na motoci ne ko da yaushe a hade tare da iri ta sananne aminci, musamman ta injuna. Takaitaccen bayanin tarihin fasaha na kamfanin, binciken Google, ko mafi kyawun jujjuyar shafi na babban littafin Adriano Cimarosi The Complete History of Grand Prix Motor Racing zai bayyana gaskiya masu ban sha'awa. A cikin lokutan 1986/1987/1988, injinan Honda mai tukwane mai nauyin lita 1,5 suna sarrafa motoci irin su Williams da McLaren. An yi iƙirarin sigar 1987 ya kai wani babban kewayon 1400 hp. a cikin nau'ikan horo da kuma a cikin gasa game da 900 hp. Waɗannan raka'o'in kuma sun tabbatar da sun kasance mafi inganci kuma abin dogaro. Duk da haka, ba su da allura kai tsaye, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga irin wannan haɗuwa da matsa lamba da yanayin zafi a cikin silinda, amma za su iya amfani da kayan aiki masu ban sha'awa - injiniyoyin Honda, alal misali, maye gurbin abubuwan da aka yi wa mafi girma na thermal danniya tare da duk. yumbu ko aƙalla rufin yumbu. , kuma da yawa sassa an yi su daga ultra-light gami. A 1988 McLaren-Honda ya lashe nasara 15, kuma Ayrton Senna ya zama zakara a duniya. Kuma a nan ne abu mafi ban sha'awa - bayan shekara guda kawai, injin silinda goma na Honda ya sake samun nasara. Sunan Honda ya zama abin tsoro ga kowa kuma yana ɗaukar wannan hoton har yau.

Daga babbar hanya zuwa hanya da baya ...

Duk da haka, menene ma'anar nasara a cikin motsa jiki, ya kasance akan Formula 1, Indycar ko TCR, ban da jin daɗin magoya baya da kuma nuna ilimin fasaha. Bayan haka, ko babba ko ba haka ba, kowane kamfani na mota ana kiransa da ya kera motoci, kuma ilimi da hoton wasan motsa jiki ba ya gushewa akan hakan. Ƙimar aikin injiniya shine ƙarfin aikin injiniya. Duk da haka, akwai kuma haɗin kai tsaye tsakanin motorsport da motoci na hannun jari - motoci masu iyaka a wasu azuzuwan, irin su ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira, waɗanda ke nuna ƙirar wutar lantarki mafi girma ga mutanen da suke son zurfin ra'ayi na "tuki". Tare da ƙananan canje-canje, suna ɗaukar waƙoƙin kuma suna gasa akan su. Wannan shi ne ainihin yanayin da Civic Type R.

Sabuwar ƙirar ta bayyana shekara biyu bayan wacce ta gabata, kuma injininta yana da hanyoyi da yawa ci gaban na baya, amma motar ta sha bamban sosai ta kowace hanya. Dalilin haka shi ne cewa ci gabanta ya ci gaba daidai da ci gaban ƙirar ƙirar, wanda shi kansa aka tsara don zama cikakken mai ba da gudummawa ga Nau'in R.

Wanne, bi da bi, alama ce mai kyau ga mafi sauƙin juzu'in Civic. Tabbas, masu samar da kayayyaki suna ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ƙirar motar - ko turbochargers, tsarin sarrafa lantarki da allurar mai, kayan aikin chassis, kayan jiki, kuma daga wannan ra'ayi, rawar da masana'antar kera motoci ke da wahala sosai. Injiniyoyin su ne waɗanda ke tsara hanyoyin konewa tare da abubuwan da aka samu, suna lissafin sanyaya injin da nau'ikan gami, haɗa shi duka tare da yanayin iska da ƙarfin tsarin jiki, magance hadaddun ma'auni na kewayawa tare da iyawar mai samarwa a hankali. Kamar yadda Elon Musk ya gamsu da kansa, "kasuwancin mota aiki ne mai wahala." Duban kurkusa ko da Tesla S na marmari zai bayyana muku fa'idodi iri-iri a gare ku kuma ya sake nuna yadda motar ke da rikitarwa.

Honda Civic - ingancin farko

A jikin Civic Type R, ba za ku sami wani abu kamar wannan ba. Mun riga mun ambata wasu cikakkun bayanai a cikin kayan don nau'in dizal na samfurin. A nan, za mu ambaci cewa juriya na jiki ya karu da kashi 37 cikin 45 kuma ƙarfin lanƙwasa a tsaye da kashi 3 bisa ɗari saboda manyan matakan ƙarfe masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi, sabbin hanyoyin walda, gine-ginen fasinja da jerin abubuwan da ke haɗe da shi. . Don ramawa don ƙãra nauyin wasu sassa saboda ƙarfin da aka ɗauka mafi girma, an yi murfin gaba da aluminum. A MacPherson strut da Multi-link rear axle su ne abubuwan da ake bukata don kyakkyawan halayen hanya, amma an canza waɗannan don Nau'in R. Canza ɓangarorin gatura na bolts na shank da kusurwar ƙafafun, sun yi takamaiman canje-canje masu alaƙa da buƙatar ƙarancin watsawar girgiza daga juzu'i zuwa tuƙi. Matsakaicin kinematics na dabaran da ke da alhakin kiyaye riko na taya a lokacin kusurwa mai ƙarfi ya canza, kuma ƙananan ɓangaren abubuwan an yi su ne da aluminum. Sabbin dakatarwar da aka yi na baya ta hanyar haɗin kai da yawa kuma tana ba da gudummawa ga kwanciyar hankali mai sauri, yayin da faɗuwar waƙa ta ba da izinin birki na baya da saurin kusurwa. Hannun sama, ƙananan da karkatar da abubuwa masu ƙarfi ne kawai na nau'in nau'in R. Don sake rarraba nauyin motar, dole ne a motsa tankin mai zuwa baya, rage nauyin axle na gaba da kashi XNUMX idan aka kwatanta da na baya Civic. . .

Injin, a la Honda

Da kanta, injin turbo mai lamba 2.0 VTEC wanda ya lashe lambar yabo shine wani gwanin Honda mai karfin 320 hp. da 400 Nm na ƙaura-lita biyu tare da amincin da kuke buƙata don tuki na yau da kullun da wasanni. Babban rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa a cikin mota yana faruwa ne a tsakanin silinda da pistons, kuma Honda koyaushe yana dogara ne akan kayan fasahar zamani don rage wannan. Sanannen tsarin VTEC anan yana ɗaukar ayyuka daban-daban. Tun da motar tana amfani da turbocharger mai jet guda ɗaya, injiniyoyi suna gabatar da bawul ɗin shaye-shaye masu canzawa don samar da kwararar iskar gas ɗin da ya dace dangane da nauyi. Wannan yana kwatanta aikin damfara mai jujjuyawar lissafi. Tsarukan canjin lokaci guda biyu suna daidaita tsawon lokacin buɗewa dangane da nauyi da sauri, da kuma haɗin gwiwarsu da sunan ingantacciyar amsawar injin turbin da iskar gas. Matsakaicin matsawa na 9,8: 1 yana da inganci don motar turbocharged tare da irin wannan babban ƙarfin, wanda ke amfani da babban ƙarfin iska mai zafi. Kodayake watsa na inji ne, na'urorin lantarki suna amfani da iskar gas na tsaka-tsaki lokacin da suke canza kaya don dacewa da saurin injin tare da madaidaicin sandar. Mai watsa man da kansa, wanda aka finned a cikin hanyar iskar iska, ana sanyaya shi ta hanyar injin sanyaya ruwa.

Tsarin shaye-shaye mai nozzles uku shima yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da aikin injin. Wannan ba sha'awar nunawa ba ne - kowane ɗayan tubes yana da ainihin manufarsa. Babban bututun waje suna samar da iskar gas daga injin, yayin da bututun ciki ke daidaita sautin da aka samar. Gabaɗaya, ƙimar kwararar ruwa tana ƙaruwa da kashi 10 cikin ɗari idan aka kwatanta da wanda ya gabace ta, kuma hakan yana rage matsi na baya a cikin tsarin. Babban ilimin Honda game da motsin motsin da aka samu daga babura (da kuma mahimmancinsu na musamman ga injunan bugun bugun jini) yana biya anan: lokacin haɓakawa, bututun ciki yana ba da babban ɓangaren giciye. Duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin nauyin matsakaici, matsa lamba a cikin bututu na tsakiya ya zama mara kyau, kuma tsarin ya fara tsotsa iska ta ciki. Wannan yana inganta aikin amo kuma yana tabbatar da aiki mai natsuwa. Ƙaƙwalwar ƙwanƙwasa guda ɗaya, wanda ke rage rashin aiki na tsarin ƙwanƙwasa da kashi 25 cikin dari, yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin amsawar injin. Jaket ɗin ruwa guda biyu a kusa da haɗe-haɗe da yawa na shaye-shaye yana taimakawa haɓaka dumama injin da sanyaya gas mai zuwa, wanda ke ceton injin injin.

Ara da wannan haɗuwa ne na yau da kullun na icabi'a da nau'ikan ƙirar R. Widungiyoyin fenda an faɗaɗa su don ɗaukar ƙafafun da suka fi girma, masu fuskantar waje, tsarin bene yana da cikakkiyar ɗaukar hoto, da abin da ake kira. “Labulen iska” da kuma babban reshe na baya da kyau “sun raba” iska, suna ƙirƙirar ƙarin ƙarfi a bayan baya. Hanyoyin aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa (tare da bawul din solenoid wanda ke tsara kwararar mai da rarrabe sarrafa kowace ƙafa), aikin samar da gas da tuƙi (tare da giya biyu) sun canza. Yanzu kwanciyar hankali, Wasanni da sabbin hanyoyin + R suna nesa da ɗabi'a. Ana samar da birki ne ta hanyar baban birki na piston guda hudu tare da fayafai 350 mm a gaba da kuma 305 mm a baya. Kuma tunda irin wannan yawan iko yana da wahalar sarrafawa yayin canza wurin zuwa gaba kawai, na karshen yana dauke da banbancin tsutsa mai kulle kansa, wanda shine nau'ikan nau'ikan gangar jiki.

Godiya ga wannan, harma da dakatarwar ta musamman da babban ƙarfi, nau'ikan R yana hanzarta fiye da abokan hamayyarsa kai tsaye kamar Seat Cupra 300, yana jujjuya kamar motar Touring a kan waƙa, tare da tsayayyar halayyar jiki da ƙarfin ra'ayi. a cikin sitiyari. Koyaya, maɓuɓɓugan daidaitawa da motsi mai sassauƙa suna ba da wadataccen matakin jin daɗi koda a tuki na yau da kullun.