Hardtop: menene shi, ma'ana, ka'idar aiki

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, masu kera motoci a hankali suka fara kera motoci. Koyaya, irin waɗannan injunan basu da banbanci da takwarorinsu a lokacin yaƙi. Masu motoci dole ne su kasance suna sha'awar wani abu, saboda matasa suna so su fito daban-daban.

Yin abin wuya a motoci yana da fasalin jikin pontoon (fenders na gaba da na baya a cikinsu an haɗa su ta layin sama ɗaya). Irin waɗannan motoci sun riga sun zama masu ban tsoro da ban dariya.

Yanayin ya canza lokacin da, a ƙarshen 40s da 50s, motocin farko masu wuya suka bayyana a Amurka.

Irin waɗannan motocin sun fita dabam da sauran motocin kuma sun bawa direban damar jaddada asalinsu. Bari mu bincika wannan salon jikin sosai: menene fasalin sa, menene ya sa shi shahara, kuma me yasa wannan ƙirar ta kasance cikin tarihi.

Menene katako?

Hardtop wani nau'i ne na ƙirar jiki wanda ke da farin jini musamman daga shekarun 1950 zuwa farkon rabin shekarun 1970. Maimakon haka, gyare-gyare ne na sedan, coupe ko motar amalankemaimakon daban-daban nau'in jiki.

Babban fasalin wannan ƙirar ƙirar shine rashin ginshiƙin ƙofar tsakiya. Wasu mutane suna nufin motocin harddop, waɗanda tagogin gefensu ba su da katuwar fulomi. Koyaya, fasalin maɓallin shine ainihin rashin bangare, wanda ya inganta ganuwa kuma ya bawa motar fasalin asali.

Samfurin farko na alfijir na zamanin hardtop shine Chrysler Town & Country, wanda ya sami karbuwa a 1947.

Haske mafi haske a lokacin hardtop shine 1959 Cadillac Coupe Deville. Baya ga rashin ginshiƙin ƙofar tsakiya, samfurin yana da ƙafafun baya na asali (wannan rukunin keɓaɓɓen ƙirar mota ne daga lokaci ɗaya na tarihi).

A waje, katako mai kama da mai canzawa tare da rufin da aka ɗaukaka. Wannan tunanin ne ya samar da ginshikin halittar wannan gyaran jikin. Wannan shawarar ƙirar ta wartsake da jigilar ƙafa huɗu na lokacin bayan yaƙi.

Don jaddada kamanceceniya da masu canzawa, ana yin rufin rufin motar sau da yawa a cikin launi mai bambanta da babban launi na jiki. Mafi yawan lokuta ana zana shi fari ko baƙi, amma wani lokacin ana samun aikin na asali.

Don jaddada kamanceceniya da masu canzawa, rufin wasu samfura an rufe shi da vinyl tare da sifofi daban-daban.

Godiya ga wannan shawarar, abokin harka ya sayi mota ta musamman, kwatankwacin mai canzawa, amma a farashin motar ta talaka. Wasu masana'antun sun yi hatimi na musamman a kan rufin motar, wanda ya kwaikwayi haƙarƙarin da ke turawa ta cikin rufin mai taushi. Ofaya daga cikin wakilan wannan ƙirar shine Pontiac Catalina na 1963.

Kololuwar shaharar wannan salon ta faɗi akan shekarun 60. Tare da haɓaka al'adun "Motocin Muscle" masu kera motoci na Amurka Ford, Chrysler, Pontiac da General Motors sun nemi sha'awar mai son "babba" a cikin samfura tare da injina masu ƙarfi. Wannan shine yadda alamar Pontiac GTO, Shelby Mustang GT500, Chevrolet Corvette Stingray, Plymouth Hemi Cuda, Dodge Charger da sauransu suka bayyana.

Amma ba wai kawai injina da ke da iko mai ban mamaki ba ne suka jawo sha'awar motoci daga lokacin "haukacin mai". Ga masu mallakar mota da yawa, ƙirar motar ta taka rawar gani. A shekarun bayan yakin, motoci duk iri daya ne kuma sun kasance masu ban mamaki tare da salon ban tsoro.

An yi amfani da zane-zane na asali don kawo sabon juzu'i zuwa ƙirar motar mai taya huɗu, kuma maƙarƙashiyar ta kasance ɗayan shahararru. Sau da yawa jiki a cikin wannan salon da Aikin Motar Muscle suna tafiya hannu da hannu.

Siffofin zane na Hardtop

Rarrabe tsakanin ƙofofi biyu da huɗu marasa zaɓin jiki. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce fassara ra'ayin zuwa gyaran ƙofa biyu, tunda ƙofar ba ta buƙatar rake - wannan aikin an yi shi ta ɓangaren jiki mai tsauri. Tun daga tsakiyar 50s, analog ɗin ƙofa huɗu sun bayyana. Kuma an sake sakin keken tashar farko a cikin wannan ƙirar a cikin 1957.

Babban kalubale ga bambance-bambancen kofofi huɗu shine ƙofar baya ta baya. Don haka cewa za su iya buɗewa, babu yadda za a yi ba tare da tsayawa ba. Dangane da wannan, yawancin samfuran ba su da tabbas. Doorsofofin baya sun kasance a kan ginshiƙan da aka yanke wanda ya ƙare a ƙofar ƙofar.

Mafi mahimmancin mafita shine sanya ƙofar a kan ginshiƙan C don ƙofofin direba da na fasinjoji su buɗe ta hanyoyi daban-daban - ɗayan gaba ɗayan kuma baya. Bayan lokaci, dutsen bayan kafa ya sami suna mai ban tsoro "icideofar Kashe Kashe" ko "icideofar Kashe Kansa" (cikin sauri da sauri, headwind na iya buɗe ƙofar da ba ta da kyau, wanda ba shi da aminci ga fasinjoji). Wannan hanyar ta sami aikin ta a cikin motocin alfarma na zamani, misali:

• Lykan Hypersport ita ce babbar motar Arab ɗan dambe da aka fara shahara a cikin Azumi da Fushi. (Kara karantawa game da sauran motocin masu sanyi a cikin ikon amfani da sunan kyauta a nan);

• Mazda RX-8 - tsarin jikin da ke bayan fage;

• Honda Element wani wakili ne na motoci marasa zamani, wanda aka ƙera daga 2003 zuwa 2011.

Wata matsalar ƙirar tare da katako mai wuya shine hatimin gilashi mara kyau. Irin wannan matsalar ta wanzu a cikin motocin da ba su da faifai Zaɓuɓɓukan motocin kasafin kuɗi an saka su da tagogin baya masu ƙarfi.

A cikin tsarin tsaran zamani mara tsada, masu ɗaga taga suna ɗaga gilashin tare da ɗan ƙaramin kwance, wanda zai basu damar rufewa sosai a cikin matsayi mafi girma. Ensaƙƙarfan irin wannan tsarin ana tabbatar dashi ta hanyar tabbataccen hatimi a gefen gefen windows na baya.

Dalilai na shahara

Cikakkiyar haɗuwa da sauye-sauye masu wuyar shaƙatawa da ƙarfin ikon wutan lantarki masu ƙarfi sun sanya motocin Amurkawa na musamman a cikin hanyar su. Wasu masana'antun Turai suma sun yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da irin waɗannan ra'ayoyin a cikin ƙirar. Ofayan waɗannan wakilai shine Faransanci Facel-Vega FV (1955). Koyaya, ana ɗaukar motocin Amurka mafi mashahuri.

Facel-Vega FV 1955

Babban dalilin shaharar wannan gyaran shine tsadar sa. Tunda ƙirar rufin ba tana nuna kasancewar wasu ƙirarrun abubuwa da ke ba da damar cire shi a cikin akwati ba, masana'antun na iya barin farashin dimokiradiyya don samfurinsa.

Dalili na biyu na irin wannan sanannen shine kyawawan kayan motar. Ko da irin salo na ban sha'awa irin na pontoon sun yi kyau fiye da takwarorinsu na bayan yaƙi. A takaice, abokin harka ya sami motar da ta yi kama da mai canzawa, amma tare da ingantaccen tsarin jiki.

Daga cikin shahararrun motocin wannan gyaran sune:

• Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS 396 (1965g.);

• Ford Fairlane 500 Hardtop Coupe 427 R-lambar (1966г.);

• Buick Skylark GS 400 Hardtop Coupe (1967g.);

• Chevrolet Impala Hardtop Coupe (1967g.);

• Dodge Dart GTS 440 (1969g.);

• Dodge Caja 383 (1966г.)

Baya ga motoci masu saurin gudu, sau da yawa ana amfani da sauyin juzu'i a cikin wani rukunin motocin - a cikin "yachts na ƙasa" masu girman gaske. Anan akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don irin waɗannan injunan:

• Dodge Custom 880 (1963) - mita 5,45 mai ƙwanƙwasa huɗu;

• Ford LTD (1970) - wani dako mai tsawon jiki kusan mita 5,5;

• Generationarnin farko Buick Riviera shine ɗayan alamomin salon Luxury na Amurka.

Wani salon salon mawuyacin tsari shine Mercury Commuter 2-door Hardtop Station Wagon.

Tare da farkon rikicin mai, motoci masu ƙarfi sun shiga cikin "inuwa", kuma tare da su ainihin katako na asali. Matakan tsaro sun ƙara tsanantawa, wanda ya tilasta wa masana'antun ƙara watsi da shahararrun kayayyaki.

A wasu lokuta kawai ana ƙoƙari don yin kwaikwayon salon mai wuya, amma waɗannan manyan waƙoƙi ne na yau da kullun tare da rufin da ke bambanta ko gilashin da ba shi da faɗi. Misalin irin wannan motar ita ce Ford LTD Pillared Hardtop Sedan.

Har ila yau, masana'antun na Japan sun yi ƙoƙarin sha'awar masu siyan su a cikin ainihin aikin motocin su. Don haka, a cikin 1991, Toyota Corona Exiv ta shiga jerin.

Ba kamar masu motoci ba a Amurka, Turawa da masu sauraron Asiya ba su yarda da wannan ra'ayin ba - galibi suna son amfani da amincin ababen hawa.

Fa'idodi da rashin fa'ida ga jikin hardtop

Daga cikin fa'idodi na wannan gyare-gyaren mai amfani sune:

• Asalin bayyanar motar. Ko da wata motar talakawa mai jikin zamani mai kwalliya ta zama kyakkyawa fiye da na zamanin. Ci gaban ƙyauren ƙofofi har yanzu wasu masana'antun mota suna amfani da shi, wanda ya sa samfuran su fice daga bangon sauran analogues.

• Kamanceceniya da mai canzawa. Motar ba wai kawai a waje tana kama da analog ba tare da mai canzawa sama. Lokacin da duk windows suna ƙasa yayin tuƙi, samun iska kusan iri ɗaya ne da na waɗanda za'a iya canzawa. Godiya ga wannan, irin waɗannan motoci sun shahara sosai a cikin jihohi masu zafi.
• Inganta ganuwa Ba tare da ginshiƙin B ba, direban yana da ƙananan wuraren makafi, kuma ciki kansa da ido yana da girma.

Duk da karfin gwiwa da aikin asali, masu kera motoci dole ne su yi watsi da gyare-gyaren da aka yi. Dalilan wannan sune dalilai masu zuwa:

• Saboda rashin ginshiƙin tsakiya, jikin motar ya zama mara ƙarfi. Sakamakon tuki a kan kumburi, tsarin ya yi rauni, wanda galibi yakan haifar da matsalar ƙyamar ƙofofin. Bayan 'yan shekaru na tukin ganganci, motar ta zama "maras kyau" ta yadda har ma da kananan kurakurai a kan hanya suna tare da mummunan raƙuman ruwa da hadarurruka a cikin gidan.
• Keta mizanin aminci. Wata matsalar ta katako ita ce ɗaura bel. Tun da babu ginshiƙin tsakiya, ana ɗora bel ɗin sau da yawa a kan rufi, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta ba ya ba da damar fahimtar motar da ba ta wucewa ta zama cikakke (an cire raken domin kada wani abu ya tsoma baki tare da kallon, kuma bel ɗin da aka dakatar ya ɓata hoton duka).

• A yayin haɗari, maɓuɓɓuka masu ƙarfi ba su da ƙarfi sosai a cikin aminci idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin ɗakunan motsa jiki ko juyin mulki.
• Tare da shigowar tsarin sanyaya daki, buƙatar ingantaccen iska a cikin gida ta ɓace.
• Saukad da windows a cikin irin wayannan motocin yayi matukar shafar yanayin motsawar motar, wanda hakan ya rage saurin ta.

Fiye da shekaru 20 kawai, kasuwar mota ta cika da katako wanda ya sa irin wannan gyara da sauri ya daina son sani. Koyaya, manyan motoci na wancan zamanin har yanzu suna ɗauke hankalin manyan masu sha'awar mota.