Stearfin wuta. Sabis da kuskure

Ba za a iya tunanin mota ta zamani ba tare da tsarin da ke inganta kwanciyar hankali ba. Wadannan tsarukan sun hada da sarrafa wutar lantarki.

Yi la'akari da manufar wannan inji, tushen aikinta da abin da rashin aiki yake.

Ayyuka da manufar jagorancin ikon

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ana amfani da tuƙin wuta a cikin motar motar. Fitar da wuta yana haɓaka ayyukan direba yayin motsawar injin. Irin wannan tsarin an girka shi a cikin manyan motoci ta yadda direba zai iya juya sitiyarin kwata-kwata, kuma motar fasinja tana da wannan tsarin don ƙara jin daɗi.

Toari ga sauƙaƙe ƙoƙari yayin tuki, haɓakar haɓakar lantarki yana ba ka damar rage yawan adadin juyawar tuki don cimma matsayin da ake buƙata na ƙafafun gaba. Injin da ba shi da irin wannan tsarin an sanye shi da sitiyari mai jan hankali tare da adadi mai yawa. Wannan ya sa ya fi sauƙi ga direba, amma a lokaci guda yana ƙaruwa da yawan juzuwar motar.

Wata manufar tursasa wutar ita ce kawar ko rage tasirin da ke zuwa daga ƙafafun tuƙi zuwa sitiyarin lokacin da motar ke tuki a kan hanyar da ba ta da kyau ko kuma shiga cikin matsala. Hakan yakan faru ne yayin cikin mota ba tare da wannan tsarin taimakon ba, lokacin tuki, ana fitar da sitiyarin daga hannun direban lokacin da ƙafafun suka sami babban rashin daidaito. Wannan na faruwa, alal misali, a lokacin sanyi lokacin tuki a kan tsaka mai wuya.

Ka'idar aikin tursasa wutar

Don haka, ana buƙatar tuƙin wuta don sauƙaƙa wa direba motsa motar. Wannan shine yadda inji yake aiki.

Lokacin da injin motar ke aiki, amma ba ya zuwa ko'ina, famfon yana tsotsa ruwa daga tafkin zuwa rarrabuwa kuma ya dawo cikin da'irar da aka rufe. Da zaran direba ya fara juya sitiyarin, za a buɗe wata tashar a cikin mai rarraba daidai da tuƙin.

Ruwan ya fara gudana a cikin ramin silinda. A bayan wannan kwandon, ruwa mai jan wuta yana motsawa cikin tankin. Motsi na rikodin tuƙin yana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar motsa sandar da ke haɗe da fiska.

Babban abin da ake buƙata don tuƙi abin hawa shi ne tabbatar da cewa tuƙin ya dawo da matsayinsa na asali bayan motsawa lokacin da direba ya saki sitiyarin. Idan ka riƙe sitiyari a yanayin da aka juya, sitiyarin motar zai juya falmaran. An hada shi tare da shaft na camshaft.

Da yake ba a amfani da wasu ƙarfi, bawul ɗin yana daidaita kuma yana daina aiki a kan fiskan. Injin yana daidaitawa kuma yana fara aiki, kamar dai ƙafafun sun miƙe. Ikon tuƙin mai yana ta sake zagayawa ba tare da an hana shi hanya ba.

Lokacin da sitiyarin ke cikin ƙarshen hagu ko dama (duk hanya), ana ɗora famfo zuwa matsakaicinsa, saboda mai rarrabawa baya cikin mafi kyawun matsayi. A wannan halin, ruwan yana fara zagayawa a cikin ramin famfo. Direban na iya jin cewa famfunan na aiki cikin ingantaccen yanayi ta hayaniyar halayya. Don sauƙaƙa tsarin aiki, kawai bar sitiyarin kaɗan. Sannan ana tabbatar da motsi kyauta na ruwa ta cikin hoses.

Bidiyon mai zuwa yana bayanin yadda ƙarfin ikon yake aiki:

Matattarar wutar lantarki - na'urar da ƙa'idar aikin tuƙin wuta akan ƙirar Lego!

Stearfin tuƙin wuta

An tsara tsarin tuƙin wuta ta yadda ko da ta faɗi gaba ɗaya, motar za ta iya zama cikin nutsuwa. Ana amfani da wannan inji a kusan kowane irin tuƙi. Ana karɓar aikace-aikacen da yafi kowa ta tsarin tarawa.

A wannan yanayin, gur ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Tafki (kwatankwacin tankin faɗaɗa don tsarin sanyaya ko birki);
• Stearfin wutar lantarki;
• Mai ba da wutar lantarki;
• Silinda masu aiki da karfin ruwa;
• High da ƙananan matsa lamba haɗa hoses.

Bachok GUR

Tafki shi ne tafki wanda ake tsotse mai daga famfo don aiki da injin. Akwatin yana da mai tacewa. Ana buƙatar cire kwakwalwan kwamfuta da sauran daskararrun abubuwa daga ruwa mai aiki, wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da yin aiki da wasu abubuwan inji.

Don hana matakin mai daga faduwa zuwa mahimmin ƙima (ko ma ƙarami), tafkin yana da rami don dipstick. Ruwan ƙarfe mai amfani da ruwa mai amfani ne da mai. Saboda wannan, ban da matsin layin da ake buƙata, duk abubuwan da ke cikin aikin ana shafa musu mai.

Wasu lokuta ana yin tankin ne da roba, mai ɗorewa. A wannan yanayin, ba a buƙatar dipstick ɗin, kuma za a yi amfani da sikelin da ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin matakin mai zuwa bangon tankin. Wasu hanyoyin suna buƙatar ɗan gajeren tsarin aiki (ko sau da yawa na sitiyari zuwa dama / hagu) don ƙayyade ainihin matakin.

Matsakaiciyar, ko kuma in babu ɗaya, tankin da kansa, sau da yawa yana da sikelin ninki biyu. A wani bangare, ana nuna alamun man injina masu sanyi, kuma na biyun ga wanda ya dumama.

Stearfin wutar lantarki

Aikin famfo shine samar da mai na yau da kullun a cikin layi da ƙirƙirar matsa lamba don matsar da fistan a cikin inji. A mafi yawan lokuta, masana'antun suna ba motoci motoci da gyaran famfo na vane. Suna haɗe da toshe silinda. Ana saka bel na lokaci ko wani keɓaɓɓen abin ɗorawa a jikin na'urar. Da zaran motar ta fara aiki, burbushin famfunan shima zai fara juyawa.

An halicci matsa lamba a cikin tsarin ta hanzarin motar. Mafi girman lambar su, ana haifar da ƙarin matsin lamba a cikin haɓakar mai aiki da karfin ruwa. Don hana haɓaka matsin lamba mai yawa a cikin tsarin, famfon ɗin sanye take da bawul ɗin taimako.

Akwai sauye-sauye biyu na famfunan tuƙin wuta:

• Daidaitacce. Wannan gyare-gyare yana kula da tsayayyen matsin lamba a cikin layi saboda canji a cikin ƙarfin aikin aiki na na'urar;
• Ba a tsara shi ba. Irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren an sanye su da bawul na rage matsa lamba wanda ke kula da daidaitaccen matsin lamba a cikin layin.

Parin pamfuna na zamani suna sanye da na'urar firikwensin lantarki wanda ke aika sigina zuwa ECU don buɗe bawul ɗin a babban matsi.

Mai ba da wutar lantarki

Ana iya shigar da mai rarraba ko dai a kan sharar ko kuma a kan mashin din tuƙin. Yana jagorantar ruwan aiki zuwa ramin da ake so na Silinda.

Mai rarrabawa ya ƙunshi:

• Torsion - sandar da ke aiki don karkatarwa. Isaya gefen an saka shi a cikin ramin rabar mai rarrabawa, ɗayan kuma an tsayar dashi a cikin sandar.
• Shaft abu ne mai raɗaɗi na silinda. Yana da tashoshi don motsi na mai. Yana haɗuwa da tarko na injin tuƙi;
• Spool ɗin da aka haɗa da shaftar wutar lantarki. A ɗaya ƙarshen, an haɗa shi ta hanyar gear zuwa injin tuƙin.

Akwai gyare-gyaren axial da juyawa. A yanayi na biyu, dusar kankara tana shigar da hakora masu tuƙi saboda juyawa a kusa da sandar sandar.

Silinda da kuma haɗa hoses

Silinda mai aiki da karfin ruwa ita kanta inji ce wacce akanyi amfani da matsin ruwan aiki. Hakanan yana motsa sitiyarin tuƙi a cikin inda ya dace, wanda ya sauƙaƙa shi ga direba yayin yin motsi.

A cikin silinda na lantarki akwai piston da sanda a haɗe da shi. Lokacin da direba ya fara juya sitiyarin, an haifar da matsi mai yawa a cikin ramin silinda na lantarki (mai nuna alama yana da kusan 100-150 bar), saboda abin da piston ya fara motsawa, yana tura sandar a cikin madaidaiciyar shugabanci.

Daga famfo zuwa ga mai rarrabawa da silinda na lantarki, ruwan yana gudana ta babban tiyo. Sau da yawa ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe maimakon mafi aminci. A lokacin yaduwa marasa aiki (tanki-mai rabawa-tanki) mai yana gudana ta ƙarancin tiyo.

Ire-iren jagorancin wuta

Gyara aikin tuƙin wuta ya dogara da aikin inji da halayen fasaha da haɓaka. Akwai irin waɗannan nau'ikan jagorancin wuta:

• Sigar Spool - yana da inganci mai kyau, ana amfani dashi a cikin motocin kasafin kuɗi da ƙirar aji na tsakiya;
• Zaɓin bututun ƙarfe / damper - daga cikin rashin fa'ida shine rashin ƙarancin aiki kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin kuzari lokacin da lodin ya ƙaru. Saboda irin waɗannan alamun, tare da yin amfani da wannan gyare-gyaren tuƙin wutar lantarki, nauyin da ke kan rukunin wutar yana ƙaruwa. Suna da ƙwarewa sosai, saboda haka galibi ana amfani da su a cikin nau'ikan haɓaka na lantarki irin na gada;
• Jet din ba shi da wani karfi na gogayya a cikin kogon bawul, sannan kuma yana da saukin amfani da karko. Irin waɗannan masu haɓakawa ba son rai bane ga ingancin mai;
• Zaɓin lantarki fasaha ce ta zamani wacce ke aiki koda lokacin da injin ke kashe. An fi shigar dasu akan motocin wasanni da manyan motoci.

Wasu tsarin sarrafa tuƙin lantarki na zamani sun haɗa da radiator don sanyaya ruwan aiki.

Maintenance

Kayan tuƙin jirgin ruwa da haɓakar lantarki sune ingantattun hanyoyin mota. Saboda wannan dalili, basu buƙatar kulawa mai yawa da tsada. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine bin ka'idoji don canza mai a cikin tsarin, wanda mai ƙira ya ƙaddara.

 A matsayin sabis na tuƙin wutar lantarki, ya zama dole a bincika lokaci-lokaci matakin ruwa a cikin tafkin. Idan matakin ya sauka sosai bayan an kara ruwa mai zuwa, sai a duba kwararar mai a mahadar tiyo ko a kan hatimin mai.

Yanayin sauyawar ruwa cikin tuƙin wuta

A ka'ida, ruwan mai kara karfin ruwa ba ya karkashin tasirin karfi na yanayin zafi, kamar yadda yake a cikin inji ko gearbox. Wasu direbobin basa ma yin tunanin canza mai a lokaci-lokaci a wannan tsarin, sai dai lokacin da ake gyaran inji.

Duk da wannan, masana'antun suna ba da shawarar canza lokaci zuwa lokaci mai sauya mai sarrafa mai. Tabbas, babu iyakoki masu wuya, kamar yadda yake game da man injin, amma wannan ƙa'idar ta dogara da ƙarfin inji.

Idan motar tana tafiyar kimanin kilomita dubu ashirin a shekara, to ana iya canza ruwan ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara ba. Dalilin canjin canji na lokaci-lokaci sune:

• Kadan, amma har yanzu dumama man yayin yaduwa tare da layin;
• Tsarin tsufa na samfurin;
• Bayyanar barbashin waje saboda ci gaban da ya samu sakamakon gogayya da ɓangarorin ƙarfe (matsalar tana faruwa idan ana yin inji da kayan ƙarancin inganci).

Idan, yayin bincika matakin mai a cikin tanki, mai motar yana jin ƙanshin mai mai, to ya riga ya tsufa kuma yana buƙatar maye gurbinsa.

Ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo akan yadda ake yin aikin daidai:

Yadda zaka canza ruwan tuƙin wuta

Matsaloli na asali da hanyoyin kawarwa

Sau da yawa, gyaran tuƙin wutar yana sauka don maye gurbin like. Za'a iya yin aikin ta hanyar siyan kayan kwalliyar gyaran tuƙi. Rashin haɓakar haɓakar lantarki yana da matukar wuya kuma galibi saboda malalar ruwa. An bayyana wannan a cikin gaskiyar cewa sitiyari na juyawa sosai. Amma koda na'urar karafa kanta tayi kasa, tuƙin yana ci gaba da aiki.

Anan akwai jadawalin manyan laifuka da hanyoyin magance su:

Malfunction	Me yasa taso	Magani zaɓi
Lokacin tuki, ana tura damuwa daga saman da ba daidai ba zuwa sitiyarin motar	Rikici mara kyau ko sawa a kan bel ɗin motar famfo	Sauya ko ƙara ja bel ɗin
Motar tuƙin tana juyawa da ƙarfi	Matsala iri ɗaya tare da bel; Matakin ruwan aiki yana ƙasa ko kusa da mafi ƙarancin ƙima; smallaramin adadin juyi na crankshaft yayin aikin da ba shi da aiki; Tacewar da ke cikin tafkin ya toshe; Fanfon yana haifar da matsin lamba mara ƙarfi; Tsarin amfanarwa yana iska.	Canja ko ƙara ja bel ɗin; Sake cika ƙwannin ruwa; speedara saurin injin (daidaitawa); Canja matatar; Sake famfo ko maye gurbin shi; ightarfafa mahaɗan igiya.
Kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙari don juya sitiyarin a tsakiyar wuri	Rashin famfo na inji	Sauya hatimin mai, gyara famfo ko sauya shi
Juya sitiyarin gefe ɗaya yana buƙatar ƙoƙari sosai	Famfo m	Gyara famfo ko maye gurbin hatimin mai
Yana bukatar karin ƙoƙari don juya sitiyari da sauri	Rashin ƙarfin tashin hankali na motsa jiki; enginearancin injin; Tsarin iska; Pampo ya karye.	Daidaita bel din motar; Daidaita saurin injina; Kawar da zubewar iska da cire fulogin iska daga layin; Gyara famfon; Gano abubuwan da ke sarrafa tuƙin.
Rage amsawar tuƙi	Matsayin ruwa ya ragu; Sanyawa cikin tsarin tuƙin wuta; Rashin aikin injiniya na tuƙin mota, taya ko wasu sassa; ;angarorin hanyoyin tuƙin sun ƙare (ba matsala ba da ƙarfin tuƙin).	Kawar da zubewar, a cika rashin mai; Cire sandar iska kuma a tsaurara hanyoyin ta yadda ba za a sha iska ba; Bincike da kuma gyara hanyar tuƙi.
Hydarfin mai amfani da karfin ruwa yayi hums yayin aiki	Matsayin mai a cikin tanki ya ragu; Ana kunna bawul ɗin taimako na matsi (ana juya sitiyarin gaba ɗaya).	Bincika don zuba, kawar da shi kuma sake cika sautin; Kashe kumfar iska; Bincika famfon yana aiki sosai; Bincika idan famfon ya matse sosai; Kada a juya sitiyarin duk hanyar.

Idan motar tana sanye da ƙarfin lantarki, to idan akwai alamun sigina, yakamata ku tuntubi ƙwararren masani. An gwada lantarki akan kayan aikin da suka dace, don haka ba tare da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata ba yana da kyau kada a gwada gyara wani abu a cikin tsarin lantarki da kanka.

Fa'idodi da rashin fa'idar amfani da wutar lantarki

Tunda an tsara tsarin kwanciyar hankali na zamani don sauƙaƙa aikin direba a tuki da yin doguwar tafiya mafi daɗi, to duk fa'idodin wannan tsarin suna da alaƙa da wannan:

• Sauƙaƙe motsi a kan ƙananan hanyoyi na hanya ko yayin ajiye mota;
• Direba baya gajiya sosai yayin doguwar tafiya;
• Ensarƙasa ular da girgizar da ke faruwa yayin tuki a kan hanyoyi marasa daidaito;
• Yana samar da ƙarin tsaro saboda mafi kyawun martani game da tuƙi ko da a babban gudu ne (musamman ma lokacin da ake kusurwa).

Duk wani ƙarin tsarin ta'aziyya yana da nakasu. Jagorar wutar lantarki tana da:

• Lossaramin asaran ƙarfin mota, tunda famfon motsawa yana gudana koyaushe;
• Lokaci-lokaci, kodayake ba sau da yawa, tsarin yana buƙatar kulawa.

A kowane hali, ƙarfin haɓakar lantarki yana sa aikin mai motar zamani ya zama mai sauƙi. Musamman idan motar babbar mota ce.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Ta yaya tuƙin wutar lantarki ke aiki? Lokacin da injin ke gudana, ruwa yana zagayawa a kewaye. A daidai lokacin da sitiyarin ke juyawa, bawul ɗin ɗaya daga cikin silinda masu sarrafa wutar lantarki ya buɗe (dangane da gefen juyawa). Mai yana danna kan fistan da sandar tuƙi.

Yadda za a gane rashin aikin tuƙi? Matsalolin wutar lantarki suna tare da: ƙwanƙwasa da baya na sitiriyo, sauye-sauyen yunƙurin lokacin juyawa, "cizon" sitiyarin, matsayi mara kyau na sitiriyo dangane da ƙafafun.