Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul
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Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul

Manufa da nau'ikan lokaci:

1.1. Manufar tsarin rarraba gas:

Manufar tsarin lokacin bawul shine shigar da cakuda mai sabo a cikin silinda na injin da sakin iskar gas. Ana yin musayar iskar gas ta hanyar mashigai da mabuɗin shiga, waɗanda abubuwan bel ɗin lokaci suka rufe su ta hanyar hermetically daidai da tsarin aikin injin da aka yarda.

1.2. Groupungiyar ƙungiyar bawul:

Manufar rukunin bawul shine don rufe hanyoyin shiga da tashar jiragen ruwa da buɗe su a ƙayyadadden lokaci don ƙayyadadden lokaci.

1.3. Nau'in lokaci:

ya danganta da gabobin da ake amfani da silinda na injiniyoyi zuwa muhalli, belin lokaci shine bawul, spool kuma an haɗa shi.

1.4. Kwatanta nau'ikan lokaci:

lokacin bawul ya fi kowa sananne saboda ƙarancin tsari mai sauƙi da amintaccen aiki. Ingantaccen amintaccen hatimin sararin aiki, wanda aka samu saboda gaskiyar cewa bawul ɗin sun kasance a tsaye a matsin lamba a cikin silinda, yana ba da fa'ida mai mahimmanci akan bawul ko haɗin haɗin lokaci. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da lokacin bawul.

Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul

Na'urar ƙungiyar bawul:

2.1. Bawul na'urar:

Bawuloli na injiniya sun kunshi tushe da kai. Kawunansu galibi ana yin su ne a madaidaiciya, mai lankwasawa ko mai kama da kararrawa. Kan yana da ƙaramin bel (kamar mm 2) da kuma bevel na 45˚ ko 30˚. Belin silinda yana ba da damar, a gefe ɗaya, don kiyaye babban diamita na bawul lokacin da ake nika maƙerin sefer, kuma a ɗaya hannun, ƙara ƙarfin bawul ɗin don haka hana nakasawa. Mafi yaduwa sune bawuloli tare da madaidaiciyar kai da kuma hatimin haske a kusurwar 45˚ (waɗannan galibin lokuta ana ɗaukar su), kuma don haɓaka cikawa da tsaftace silinda, bawul ɗin cin abinci yana da diamita mafi girma fiye da bawul ɗin shaye shaye. Ana yin bawul ɗin shaye shaye da ƙwallan dalla-dalla.

Wannan yana inganta fitar da iskar gas daga silinda, kuma yana ƙara ƙarfi da rigidity na bawul. Don inganta yanayin cire zafi daga kan bawul da haɓaka gabaɗayan rashin nakasu na bawul, ana yin canji tsakanin kai da kara a kusurwar 10˚ - 30˚ kuma tare da babban radius na curvature. A saman ƙarshen ɓangarorin bawul ɗin, ana yin ramuka da nau'in conical, cylindrical ko siffar musamman, dangane da hanyar da aka yarda da ita don haɗa bazara zuwa bawul. Ana amfani da sanyaya sodium a cikin injina da yawa don rage zafin zafi akan bawul ɗin fashewa. Don yin wannan, bawul ɗin ya zama m, kuma sakamakon da aka samu ya cika rabin da sodium, inda ma'anar narkewa shine 100 ° C. Lokacin da injin ke gudana, sodium yana narkewa kuma yana tafiya ta cikin rami na bawul, yana canja wurin zafi daga kan zafi zuwa tushe mai sanyaya kuma daga can zuwa mai kunna bawul.

Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul

2.2. Haɗa bawul ɗin zuwa bazararsa:

kayayyaki na wannan rukunin suna da banbanci sosai, amma mafi yawan zane shine tare da rabin-cones. Tare da taimakon coes-rabi-rabi, waɗanda suka shiga tashoshin da aka yi a cikin bawul ɗin bawul ɗin, an danna farantin, wanda ke riƙe bazara kuma baya ba da izinin rarraba naúrar. Wannan yana haifar da haɗi tsakanin bazara da bawul.

2.3. Wurin zama bawul:

A cikin dukkanin injunan zamani, ana kerar kujerun sharar dabam da kan silinda. Hakanan ana amfani da irin waɗannan kujerun don kofunan tsotsa lokacin da aka yi kan silinda da alli na aluminum. Idan aka yi baƙin ƙarfe, ana yin sirrin daidai a ciki. A tsari, wurin zama zobe ne wanda aka haɗe shi da kan silinda a cikin wurin zama na musamman. A lokaci guda, wasu lokuta ana yin ramuka a farfajiyar waje ta wurin zama, wanda, lokacin da aka danna kan wurin zama, ana cika su da kayan silinda na silinda, don haka a tabbatar da abin dogararsu. Baya ga matsewa, za a iya yin ɗorawa ta hanyar lilo sirdi. Don tabbatar da matattara na sararin aiki lokacin da aka rufe bawul din, dole ne a yi aikin saman wurin zama ta atomatik a daidai kusurwa ɗaya da tafan hatimi na shugaban bawul din. Don wannan, ana kerar sirrin da kayan aiki na musamman tare da kusurwa kusurwa ba 15 ba, 45˚ da 75˚ don samun tef ɗin hatimi a kusurwa 45˚ da faɗi kusan 2 mm. Sauran kusurwoyin an yi su ne don inganta yawo a kewayen sirdin.

2.4. Jagoran Jagoran Jagora:

ƙirar jagororin suna da bambanci sosai. Mafi yawanci, ana amfani da jagorori tare da farfajiyar waje mai laushi, waɗanda aka yi akan injin aikin famfo mara matuka. Jagorori tare da madaurin riƙewa na waje sun fi dacewa da ɗaurewa amma sunfi wahalar yi. Don wannan, ya fi dacewa a yi tashar don zobe mai tsayawa a cikin jagorar maimakon bel. Ana amfani da jagororin bawul da suka shanye galibi don kare su daga tasirin iska na rafin iskar gas mai ƙaran zafi. A wannan yanayin, ana yin jagororin da suka fi tsayi, sauran su kuma suna cikin tashar shayewar shugaban silinda. Yayin da tazarar da ke tsakanin jagorar da kan bawul din ta ragu, ramin da ke jagorar a gefen shugaban bawul din ya kankane ko ya kara fadada a yankin kan bawul din.

Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul

2.5. Springs na'urar:

a cikin injunan zamani, maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓuka na yau da kullun tare da madaidaicin matsayi. Don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan tallafi, an haɗa ƙarshen coils na bazara a haɗe da juna kuma a laɓe tare da goshinsu, sakamakon haka yawan adadin murfin ya ninka sau biyu zuwa uku fiye da adadin maɓuɓɓugan aiki. Ana tallafawa murfin ƙarshen a gefe ɗaya na farantin kuma a ɗaya gefen gefen silinda ko toshe. idan akwai haɗarin haɗuwa, ana yin maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugar tare da sauyawa. Gearbox da aka hau ya lanƙwasa ko dai daga ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara zuwa wancan, ko daga tsakiya zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen. Lokacin da aka buɗe bawul ɗin, windings ɗin da ke kusa da juna sun haɗu, sakamakon haka yawan aikin windings yana raguwa, kuma yawan saurin oscillations na bazara yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yana cire sharuɗɗan sakewa. Don wannan dalili, wasu lokuta ana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, yawan mitar yanayi ya bambanta tare da tsayinsu kuma ba a bayyana abin da ke faruwa ba.

2.6. Kayan aiki don ƙirar abubuwan rukunin bawul:

• Valves - Ana samun bawul ɗin tsotsa a cikin chrome (40x), chromium nickel (40XN) da sauran ƙananan ƙarfe. Ana yin bawul ɗin ƙyalli da ƙarfe mai jure zafi tare da babban abun ciki na chromium, nickel da sauran ƙarfe masu haɗawa: 4Kh9S2, 4Kh10S2M, Kh12N7S, 40SH10MA.
• Kujerun bawul - Ana amfani da manyan ƙarfe masu jure zafin jiki, simintin ƙarfe, tagulla na aluminum ko cermet.
Jagororin bawul yanayi ne masu wahala don kerawa kuma suna buƙatar amfani da kayan da ke da zafi mai ƙarfi da sa juriya da kyakkyawan yanayin zafi, kamar baƙin ƙarfe pearlitic launin toka da tagulla na aluminum.
• Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa - wanda aka yi ta hanyar karkatar da waya daga stoma na bazara, misali 65G, 60C2A, 50HFA.

Aikin ƙungiyar bawul:

3.1. Aiki tare

tsarin aiki tare yana hade sosai da crankshaft, yana tafiya tare tare dashi. Belin lokaci yana buɗewa kuma yana rufe mashigai da mashigai na maɓallan siliki a cikin al'ada. Wannan aikin musayar gas ne a cikin silinda.

3.2 Aiki na tuki lokaci:

Lokacin tafiyar lokaci ya dogara da wurin aikin camshaft.
• Tare da ƙananan shaft - ta hanyar spur gears don aiki mai laushi ana yin su tare da hakora masu karkata, kuma don aiki na shiru, zoben gear an yi shi da textolite. Ana amfani da kayan maye ko sarƙa don samar da tuƙi a kan nesa mai tsayi.
• Tare da babban shaft - sarkar abin nadi. Dangantakar ƙarancin ƙarar ƙara, ƙira mai sauƙi, ƙarancin nauyi, amma kewayawa ya ƙare yana shimfiɗawa. Ta hanyar bel ɗin lokaci na tushen neoprene wanda aka ƙarfafa da wayar ƙarfe kuma an rufe shi da Layer nailan mai jure lalacewa. Zane mai sauƙi, aiki na shiru.

Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul

3.3. Tsarin rarraba gas:

Jimlar yankin da aka tanada don shigar da iskar gas ta cikin bawul din ya dogara da tsawon lokacin budewar sa. Kamar yadda kuka sani, a cikin injina masu bugun jini huɗu, don aiwatar da ci da shaye shaye, ana ba da bugun fiston ɗaya, daidai da juyawar crankshaft ɗin ta 180˚. Koyaya, gogewa ta nuna cewa don mafi kyau cikawa da tsaftacewa na silinda ya zama dole cewa tsawon lokacin cikawa da ɓoye abubuwa sun fi tsayi na bugun fiston daidai, watau buɗewa da rufe bawul ɗin bai kamata a aiwatar da su a matattun wuraren bugun fistan ba, amma tare da wasu wucewa ko jinkiri.

Ana bayyana lokutan buɗewa da lokutan rufewa a kusurwar juyawar ƙwanƙwasa kuma ana kiransu lokacin bawul. Don amintacce mafi girma, ana yin waɗannan matakan a cikin tsarin zane mai zane (Fig. 1).
Bawul ɗin tsotsa yawanci yana buɗewa da kusurwar da ya wuce gona da iri φ1 = 5˚ – 30˚ kafin fistan ya kai ga babban mataccen cibiyar. Wannan yana tabbatar da wani ɓangaren giciye na bawul a farkon farkon bugun bugun jini kuma don haka yana haɓaka cika silinda. Ana rufe bawul ɗin tsotsa tare da kusurwar jinkiri φ2 = 30˚ - 90˚ bayan piston ya wuce tsakiyar mataccen ƙasa. Jinkirin rufe bawul ɗin mashigar yana ba da damar cin sabon cakuda mai don amfani da shi don inganta mai don haka ƙara ƙarfin injin.
Ana buɗe bawul ɗin shaye-shaye tare da kusurwa mai wuce gona da iri φ3 = 40˚ – 80˚, watau. a karshen bugun jini, lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin iskar gas na Silinda yana da girma (0,4 - 0,5 MPa). Ƙunƙarar fitar da silinda na iskar gas, wanda aka fara a wannan matsa lamba, yana haifar da raguwar saurin matsa lamba da zafin jiki, wanda ke rage yawan aikin kawar da iskar gas mai aiki. Wurin shaye-shaye yana rufewa tare da kusurwar jinkiri φ4 = 5˚ - 45˚. Wannan jinkiri yana ba da kyakkyawan tsaftacewa na ɗakin konewa daga iskar gas.

Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul

Bincike, kulawa, gyara:

4.1. Diagnostics

Alamun bincike:

  • Rage ƙarfin injin konewa na ciki:
  • Rage yarda;
  • Bawul ɗin da bai cika ba;
  • Bawuloli masu kamawa
    • fuelara yawan mai:
  • Rage yarda tsakanin bawuloli da masu daga wuta;
  • Bawul ɗin da bai cika ba;
  • Bawuloli masu kamawa
    Sa a cikin injunan konewa na ciki:
  • Camshaft lalacewa;
  • bude camshaft cams;
  • Cleara yarda tsakanin ɗakunan bawul da bawul ɗin daji;
  • Manyan yarda tsakanin bawuloli da masu dagawa;
  • karaya, take hakki na elasticity na bawul marringsmari.
    • Alamar matsin lamba:
  • Kujerun bawul din suna da taushi;
  • Soft ko fashe bawul bazara;
  • Valveone bawul;
  • Ntone ko tsagewar silinda kai gasket
  • Rashin daidaitaccen zafin thermal.
    • Alamar matsi mai karfi.
  • Rage girman kai;

Hanyoyin bincike na lokaci:

• Mizanin matsa lamba a cikin silinda a ƙarshen bugun matsawa. Yayin awo, dole ne a cika sharuɗɗa masu zuwa: injin ƙone ciki dole ne a zafafa shi da zafin jiki na aiki; Wajibi ne a cire masu walƙiya; Dole ne a shafa man kebul na murfin shigar da mai kuma a bude bawul din wuta da bawul din iska. Ana yin awo ta amfani da compresres. Bambancin matsi tsakanin ɗayan silinda dole ne ya wuce 5%.

4.2. Daidaita sararin samaniya a cikin belin lokaci:

Ana gudanar da bincike da kuma daidaita ramin zafin ta amfani da faranti na ma'aunin matsi a cikin jerin daidai da tsarin aikin injiniya, farawa da silinda na farko. An daidaita rata daidai idan ma'aunin kauri, daidai da rata na al'ada, ya wuce kyauta. Lokacin daidaita gyaran, ka riƙe dunƙule mai dunƙulewa tare da mashi, ka sassauta gorar jam, ka sanya farantin tsakanin bawul din da haɗin, kuma ka juya dunƙulewar don saita izinin da ake buƙata. Sannan an kulle goro.

Tsarin rarraba gas - ƙungiyar bawul
Sauya bawul din injin mota

4.3. Gyara ƙungiyar bawul:

• Gyaran bawul - manyan laifuffuka sune lalacewa da ƙona saman aiki na conical, lalacewa na kara da bayyanar fashe. Idan kawunan sun ƙone ko tsagewa sun bayyana, ana zubar da bawul ɗin. Lanƙwasa bawul mai tushe suna daidaitawa akan latsa hannu ta amfani da kayan aiki. Ana gyara ɓangarorin bawul ɗin da aka sawa ta hanyar chronization ko guga sannan a nisa zuwa girman gyare-gyare na ƙima ko girman girman. Wurin aiki da aka sawa na kan bawul ɗin yana ƙasa zuwa girman gyarawa. Ana lanƙwasa bawul ɗin zuwa kujerun tare da goge goge. Ana bincika daidaiton niƙa ta hanyar zuba kananzir a kan bawul ɗin da aka ɗora, idan bai zubo ba, to niƙa yana da kyau na mintuna 4-5. Ba a mayar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ba, amma an maye gurbinsu da sababbi.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene ya haɗa a cikin tsarin rarraba iskar gas? Yana cikin kan silinda. Zanensa ya haɗa da: gadon camshaft, camshaft, bawuloli, makamai masu linzami, masu turawa, masu ɗaga ruwa da, a wasu samfuran, canjin lokaci.

ДMenene lokacin injin? Wannan tsarin yana tabbatar da samar da sabon sashi na cakuda mai da iskar gas a kan lokaci da kuma kawar da iskar gas. Dangane da gyare-gyare, zai iya canza lokaci na lokaci na bawul.

Ina wurin rarraba iskar gas yake? A cikin injin konewa na ciki na zamani, injin rarraba iskar gas yana sama da shingen silinda a cikin silinda.

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