Gwajin gwaji Ford GT LMGTE PRO / GTLM: yawon shakatawa mai daraja

Taron girmamawa na karshe kafin yayi ritaya

Daga 1966 zuwa 1969, Ford ya ci nasarar GT40 hudu a jere a cikin awanni 24 na Le Mans. Daga 2016 zuwa 2019, GT na yanzu ya yi bikin dawowar ta zuwa tseren jimiri. A yau yana yin zagaye na karshe na girmamawa kafin ritaya.

Mummunan sasanninta, tsalle-tsalle na tsaunuka, jujjuyawar ƙarewar da ba za a iya misaltuwa ba - ƙaramar 'yar'uwar da ke arewacin Nurburgring ana kiranta VIR, ita 'yar Amurka ce mai tsafta, wanda gidanta shine garin Alton, Virginia, mai yawan mutane 2000. Barka da zuwa yanayin déjà vu akan Hanyar Arewa tare da Ford GT na Virginia International Raceway.

A cikin 2016, Ford yayi bikin dawowa mai ban sha'awa ga tseren jimiri, wanda yanzu ya ƙare shekaru huɗu daga baya. Baya ga shiga tare da rukunin masana'antar a jerin tseren Arewacin Amurka IMSA (GTLM ajin) da FIA WEC World Endurance Championship (LMGTE Pro class), babban abin da ya faru shi ne dawowar Ford tare da nasarar a 24 Hours na Le Mans a cikin LMGTE Pro aji. a cikin 2016

Daga 2016 zuwa 2019, ƙungiyar masana'antar Ford ta shiga tseren Faransa na gargajiya ba kawai tare da lambar almara ta 67 ba, har ma da wasu motocin GT guda uku - girmamawa ga nasarar Le Mans Grand Prix guda huɗu inda GT40 ta yi nasara shekaru huɗu a jere. (1966-1969) akan babbar hanya zuwa kogin Sarthe.

Yaƙi na ƙattai

Wannan shine ƙarshen hamayya tsakanin ƙattai Enzo Ferrari da Henry Ford II. Attajirin Ba'amurke ya so ya sayi wasannin motsa jiki na Italiya da kamfanin motar tsere Ferrari don samun saurin nasara a cikin motar motsa jiki. Akwai wani abin kunya. Bayan jinkirin farko, Enzo Ferrari ya ƙi siyar da kamfaninsa. Sannan Ford ya kirkiro GT40. Sauran tarihi ne.

Ba wai kawai GT da ja da fari tare da lambar farawa 67 ba, amma sauran masana'antar GTs uku sun bayyana a yayin fara bankwana bayan kampanin ya gama gasar kuma ya yi ban kwana da Le Mans a cikin 2019 a cikin launuka na bege na waɗanda suka ci nasarar tarihin 1960s. Ya yi ritaya daga yin tsere kafin ya fara lamba ta 67, yanzu yana da damar tuka wasu laan filayen girmamawa a Virginia.

“Kada ku taɓa yin wasa tare da mai haɓakawa akan S-curves. Ko dai a cikakken maƙiyi ko kuma a rabin maƙura - kawai kada ku bari a kan wannan ɓangaren waƙar ba zato ba tsammani, "in ji Billy Johnson, mahayin Ford. Ya fahimci waɗannan abubuwa a fili, domin a cikin shekaru huɗu da suka gabata ya fara da GT a Le Mans.

Wadanda ba sa son saurare za su ji. Na hudu, na biyar, kaya na shida. A cikin kyakkyawan zato, muna tuƙi cikin cikakken gudu don juyi huɗu a jere a babban gudu. Farkon wannan sashe daidai yake da suna "Macijin". Amma lokacin da macijin ya "ciji" ku, ba za ku ji zafi mai zafi na hanzari na gefe ba - girman ku zai fi wahala idan kun ji dariyar injiniyoyi daga cibiyar kulawa.

Ɗayan matakin farko na girmamawa yana ƙarewa tare da jujjuyawa cikin sauri mai girma da jujjuyawar gaba a cikin dajin akan hanya. GT ya zama Allroad, ƙaramar mota, faffadar mota tana yaƙi ta cikin daji. An yi sa'a, a cikin duniyar kama-da-wane, mutum da na'ura ba su da matsala.

Kafin izini ga masu shiryawa don tuka labarin Le Mans, shirin ya hada da motsa jiki na awanni biyu a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo ta Ford Performance Technical Center da kuma hawa mota akan ingantacciyar hanyar Virginia International Raceway. Motar tsere ɗaya a cikin Concord, North Carolina gida ce ta kwaikwaiyo 2D da 3D daga 22 na safe zuwa 365 na dare, kusan kwanaki XNUMX a shekara.

A yau, a gaban allon silima na digiri na 180, asalin motar cab na GT yana kai da komo a kan hanyoyin hydraulic. Ba wai kawai a Ford ba, ayyukan kwaikwayo yanzu sun zama wani ɓangare na ƙirar motar tsere, gyaran mota, da shirya tsere.

Horon kan na'urar kwaikwayo ta tsere

"Muna iya canza yanayi, yin wasa da yanayi daban-daban, ko kwaikwayon duhu. Ta haka ne muka shirya direbobinmu na tsawon awanni biyu da rabi na yin tukin dare a sa'o'i 24 na Le Mans," in ji Mark Rushbrook, Shugaban Wasanni na Ford Performance.

Gaskiya ga mafi ƙanƙanta, zane-zane na babban na'urar kwaikwayo ta fasaha, wanda ke nuna waƙa mai kama da ma a cikin madubin gefe, yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Ruwan sama mai yawa ko ma dusar ƙanƙara a wurin titin tsere a Virginia? Babu matsala - injiniyoyi uku waɗanda ke lura da na'urar kwaikwayo a kan masu saka idanu goma suna ɗaukar nauyin St. Peter a taɓa maɓallin.

Kodayake zane-zane suna ba da ra'ayi na gaskiya, na'urar kwaikwayo ba za ta iya kimanta ƙarfi da kai tsaye ba waɗanda za su yi aiki a jikinka daga baya a cikin motar tseren. Bugu da ƙari, jin daɗin danna falkar birki a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo ana ɗaukarta azaman ma wucin gadi ne.

Neman matsin lambar dama yana da wahala kamar gano wurin tsayawa daidai. Ba wai kawai hangen nesa ba, wanda ke taimaka maka kimanta nisan zuwa juyawa, kawai yana aiki da sharaɗi ne kawai a cikin duniya na waƙar kama-da-wane, amma tsananin tsoron tsayawa latti da mummunan juyi ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Haɗarin haɗari yakan faru da ƙwararrun matukan jirgi.

“Ni ma ba na son birki a cikin na’urar kwaikwayo, saboda da alama ba ta dace ba. Duk da haka, gwada wurin yana da mahimmanci saboda, alal misali, za mu iya ƙirar haɗakar taya daban-daban cikin sauri, "in ji Ryan Briscoe.

Tsohon direban gwajin F1 Briscoe kuma ya yi tseren Chip Ganassi Racing's Ford GT a tseren daga IMSA, WEC da Le Mans. “Lokacin da kuka matsa zuwa kayan aiki na goma sha biyu, kuna tuƙi ba tare da BoP ba. Sa'an nan za ku sami kusan 100 hp. ƙari,” ƙwararren ɗan tseren Australiya yayi murmushi, yana nuni da jujjuyawa a kan sitiyarin sa wanda ke da alamar ja mai haske da ke cewa “Boost” a sama da shi. Ga duk wanda ba mai sha'awar wasan motsa jiki ba: BoP yana nufin "Balance Balance". Bayan wannan akwai ƙa'idar fasaha don kawo motocin tsere daban-daban zuwa kusan iko iri ɗaya.

Ƙofar carbon da aka zazzage tana zamewa da surutu cikin kulle. Muna danna maɓallin farawa. Injin tagwayen turbo mai nauyin lita 220 V3,5 daga Roush Yates Engines, abokin wasan tsere na Ford, yana ruri da ƙarfi. Muna jan sitiyarin dama, danna- da Ricardo's jeri-nauyi na watsa sauri shida a cikin kayan farko.

Mun fara, hanzarta barin layin ramin, sannan danna maɓallin rawaya akan sitiyarin tare da alamar “kunkuru”. Wannan ya haɗa da Ƙimar Ramin, wanda ke hana GT wuce iyakar da aka yarda da shi 60 km/h a cikin ramin ramin. Muna danna maɓallin - kuma kunkuru ya juya ya zama dokin tsere. Yana farawa!

BoP: fiye da 600 hp

515 hp tare da IMSA BoP," Kevin Groot, Ford IMSA/WEC manajan shirin, ya gaya mana kafin farawa game da alawus wutar lantarki. Bai wuce rabin cinya ba, kuma a hannun dama yana kaiwa ga kullin Boost ɗin da aka ambata. Yanzu mota tare da tsakiyar engine tasowa fiye da 600 hp. "A cewar IMSA BoP, nauyin ba tare da matukin jirgi ba kuma ba tare da man fetur ba shine kilo 1285," in ji Groot.

GT yana burge ba kawai tare da rarraba wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi na rukunin biturbo mai ƙarfi ba, har ma da matakin ƙarfin injin. Kashi na farko na hanyar yana da jujjuyawar kaifi. Kuna juya sitiyarin zuwa milimita don shiga, kuna hanzarta fita daga hanya tare da haɓaka mai kyau - tare da GT zaku iya samun cikakken layin daidai. Ikon sarrafa gogayya mai saurin sauri XNUMX yana sa GT cikin abin mamaki don tuƙi.

Horse Shoe, NASCAR Bend, Hagu Hagu - sunayen sasanninta na farko ba su da masaniya kamar yadda babu wuraren fita gaggawa a Virginia International Raceway. Wato, idan a kan titin tsere na zamani an samar da hanyar fita daga titin tare da faffadan wuraren kwalta, to, tsohuwar waƙar ta Amurka ta fi kamar filin wasan golf mai sauri. Kusa da titin kwalta, wata shuka da aka yanka ta fara ko'ina. Ya dubi m, amma lokacin barin waƙar ba zai tsaya ba kasa da kankara a cikin hunturu.

GT yana son kusurwa masu sauri

Kada mu yi tunani game da shi, amma mayar da hankali ga "maciji". Ford GT a hankali yana yanke sasanninta ta hanyar shingen rawaya-da-blue - girgijen kura ya bayyana akan nunin kyamarar kallon baya. Motar tseren nesa ba ta da madubi mai kallon baya. Wannan yana biye da S-bends mai sauri.

Manajan shirin

Wani dalla-dalla da na'urar kwaikwayo ba ta iya isarwa ko da kusan ita ce filin tudu na titin jirgin sama mai tsawon kilomita 5,26 tare da hawa da sauka. GT ya yi rangadin girmamawarsa akan bambance-bambancen "Full Course", wanda ya gudana a cikin jerin IMSA a Virginia.

Ba wai kawai a hanzarin S-curves ba, Virginia International Raceway yana kama da Yankin Arewa. Bayan GT ta kai saurin gudu kusan 260 km / h akan doguwar madaidaiciya, sai ya gangaro ta hanyar haɗuwa zuwa ƙasa ta gefen hagu da dama.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin S-curves, GT ta bambanta sosai. Ba wai kawai inji ba, har ma da motsa jiki a tsawo. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin tsere na Mustang GT4 wanda yake kusa da samarwa, matsin iska na GT ya ninka ninki biyu.

Saurin saurin tafiya, gwargwadon ƙarfin iska yana ƙaruwa kuma mafi daidaituwa GT ta zama kan waƙar. Centungiyoyin Centrifugal suna tunkude jiki, wanda aka ɗaure tare da madauri zuwa sirdi na harsashi, kuma galibi yana girgiza tsokoki na wuya. Amma, tabbas, hatta labarin Le Mans na zamani ba zai iya soke dokokin ilimin lissafi ba. A wani lokaci, an isa iyakar a nan.

Farashi? Dala miliyan uku

Yaya taka birki ba tare da ABS yake ji ba? Idan a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo kusan kowane tsayawa tare da ƙafafun ƙafafun yana haifar da farin hayaƙi daga ƙarƙashin fikafikan, to a rayuwa ta ainihi dabaran ba safai yake motsi ba lokacin da saurin ya ragu kafin juyawa. Tsarin birki tsere na Brembo yana da kyau sosai. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa GT ke haskakawa tare da kyakkyawan aikin taka birki.

Idan duk abin da aka fada zuwa yanzu ya farka da sha'awar mallakar shahararren kamfanin Ford GT, babu matsala matukar dai kun tanadi isassun kuɗi. Baya ga wanda ya lashe aji a Le Mans 2016, wanda baƙi za su yaba da gidan kayan tarihin na Ford, sauran motocin tsere guda takwas da aka kera ana sayar da su kan dala miliyan XNUMX kowannensu.