Motocin lantarki: tambayoyi 8 da amsoshi game da lithium

Motocin lantarki a hankali suna shiga cikin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, kuma ikon cin gashin kansu da batir ɗin su ya kasance shine babban ma'aunin da zai haifar da amfani da su. Kuma idan har ya zuwa yanzu mun ji - a cikin tsarin lokaci - game da "Sisters Bakwai", OPEC, kasashe masu samar da mai da kamfanonin mai na jihohi, yanzu lithium yana shiga cikin rayuwarmu sannu a hankali a matsayin wani muhimmin sashi na fasahar batir na zamani wanda ke ba da tabbacin samun 'yancin kai.

Don haka, tare da samar da mai, ana ƙara lithium, wani ɓangaren halitta, ɗan ƙasa, wanda a cikin shekaru masu zuwa zai mallaki matsayi na gaba wajen samar da batura. Bari mu gano menene lithium kuma menene yakamata mu sani game dashi? 

Nawa lithium duniya ke buƙata?

Lithium ƙarfe ne na alkali tare da haɓakar kasuwar duniya mai saurin ƙaruwa. Tsakanin 2008 da 2018 kadai, samarwar shekara-shekara a cikin manyan ƙasashe masu haɓaka ya karu daga 25 zuwa tan 400. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin karuwar buƙata shine amfani da shi cikin batirin motar lantarki.

Lithium an yi amfani da shi tsawon shekaru a cikin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da batirin wayar hannu, haka kuma a cikin masana'antar gilashi da yumbu.

A waɗanne ƙasashe ake haƙo lithium?

Chile tana da mafi girman ajiyar lithium a duniya, tana da tan miliyan 8, a gaban Australia (ton miliyan 2,7), Argentina (ton miliyan 2) da China (ton miliyan 1). An kiyasta jimillar tanadi a duniya ya kai tan miliyan 14. Wannan ya yi daidai da sau 165 na samarwa a cikin 2018.

A cikin shekarar 2018 Ostiraliya ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da lithium (tan 51), a gaban Chile (tan 000), China (tan 16) da Argentina (tan 000). Ana nuna wannan a cikin bayanai daga Geoasar Nazarin logicalasa ta Amurka (USGS). 

Lithium na Australiya ya fito ne daga masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, yayin da a Chile da Argentina ya fito daga gidajen gishiri, wanda ake kira salars a Turanci. Mafi shahara daga cikin wadannan hamada shine sanannen Atacama. Ana fitar da danyen kayan daga hamada kamar haka: Ana kawo ruwan gishiri daga tafkunan karkashin kasa mai dauke da lithium kuma ya kwashe cikin manyan kogo (gishiri). A cikin sauran maganin gishiri, ana aiwatar da aiki a matakai da yawa har sai lithium ya dace don amfani da batura.

Yadda Volkswagen ke samar da lithium

Volkswagen AG ta rattaba hannu kan yarjeniyoyi na dogon lokaci Volkswagen tare da Ganfeng kan lithium na da mahimmancin dabarun fahimtar makomar lantarki. Hadaddiyar yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna tare da kamfanin samar da lithium na kasar Sin ya tabbatar da samar da wadataccen kayan fasaha na nan gaba kuma ya ba da gudummawa wajen tabbatar da babban burin Volkswagen na kaddamar da motocin lantarki miliyan 22 a duniya nan da 2028.

Menene tsammanin lokaci mai tsawo don buƙatar lithium?

Volkswagen tana mai da hankali sosai kan motocin lantarki. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, kamfanin na shirin fitar da kusan sabbin samfura 70 na lantarki - daga na 50 da aka tsara a baya. Adadin motocin lantarki da aka samar a shekaru goma masu zuwa shima zai karu daga miliyan 15 zuwa miliyan 22.

Stanley Whittingham, wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Nobel, wanda aka yi imanin ya kafa ginshikin kimiyya na batura da ake amfani da su a yau, ya ce "Kayan albarkatun kasa na da muhimmanci a nan gaba. 

Ya ci gaba da cewa "Lithium zai zama kayan da aka zaba don manyan batura masu juriya na tsawon shekaru 10 zuwa 20 masu zuwa." 

A ƙarshe, yawancin albarkatun da ake amfani da su za a sake yin fa'ida - rage buƙatar "sabon" lithium. Ana sa ran cewa nan da 2030 za a yi amfani da lithium ba kawai a cikin masana'antar kera motoci ba.