Dual-taro flywheel. Menene shi, yadda yake aiki

An haɗa adadi mai yawa a cikin na'urar watsa abin hawa. Hakanan ya shafi injin da ke aiki bisa tushen ƙonewar cakuda mai-iska. Akwai abubuwanda aka girka a shafin ma'amala da wasu ƙwayoyi.

Daga cikin wadannan bangarorin akwai kwari mai tashi. A cikin fasali na yau da kullun, wannan abin dogara ne wanda ke da wuya ya kasa, kuma yayin lalacewa, direba yana kashe kuɗi kaɗan (wani lokacin ana iya yin gyara da kansu idan kuna da kayan aikin da ake buƙata).

Don ƙara jin daɗi yayin aikin injiniya, injiniyoyi sun haɓaka sauye-sauye sau biyu mai saurin tashi. Irin wannan bangare yana tabbatar da kawar da mafi yawan girgizan da ke zuwa daga motar, amma idan ya karye, ya zama ainihin ciwon kai da babban rami mai baƙi a cikin walat ɗin mai motar.

Yi la'akari da siffofin wannan ɓangaren kayayyakin, yadda yake aiki, menene matsalar aiki da yadda za'a gyara su.

Menene Dual Mass Flywheel

Jirgin-dusar biyu-kashi wani bangare ne da ya kunshi fayafai guda biyu, a tsakanin su akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke yin aikin lahani. Sideaya daga cikin gefen DMM an haɗe shi zuwa layin crankshaft. A gefen kishiyar, an haɗa kwandon kama da shi.

Kamar wani ɓangare na gargajiya, ana sanya bakin gear a ƙarshen ƙwanƙwasa, wanda aka haɗa kayan aikin farawa. Ana buƙatar wannan ɓangaren don farkon farawa na motar.

Idan dunkulalliyar dunkulalliya guda daya faifai ce kawai, a gefe daya kuma a hade crankshaft, to gyara abu biyu ne gaba daya. Na'urarta ta haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Disks biyu - na farko da na sakandare. An haɗu da shagon hanyar crank ɗin ɗaya, ɗayan ɗayan yana haɗuwa da ɗayan;
• Kayan zoben zoben yana da zafi-matse akan diski na farko;
• An shigar da flange na gearbox tsakanin diski. Daga gefen akwatin, an gyara shi zuwa diski na biyu. Yanayin flange ne wanda ke aiki tare da faifan farko. Ka'idar yin aiki ya dogara da gyare-gyaren tashi - gear, alama ko polygon (yanayin gefen gefen sashin ya bambanta);
• Guguwar bazara - ƙarshen abubuwan da suke amfani da flange a gefenta;
• An shigar da abin ɗaukar hoto tsakanin fayafai, wanda ke tabbatar da juyawar sassan biyu. Wannan sinadarin yana gusar da tasirin da zai iya tashi tsakanin fayafayan idan suna hulda da juna.

Wannan shine yadda fasalin fasalin dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi biyu ke kama. Akwai sauran gyare-gyare, a cikin ƙirar abin da aka ƙara sassan siffofi daban-daban, waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin aminci ga ɓangaren. Koyaya, ka'idar aiki ta kasance iri ɗaya.

Menene kwatar kwando?

Duk wani inji yana rawar jiki yayin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, bai dogara da saituna da ƙimar cikakken bayani ba. Matsalar ita ce cewa kowane ɗayan rukunin silinda-piston yana haifar da wani tsari. Lokacin da aka samar da walƙiya ta BTC a cikin silinda, saurin hanzarin fistan yana faruwa. Wannan yana haifar da karfin juzu'i don kawowa zuwa gearbox.

Yayin da haɓakawa ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin rashin ƙarfi ya rama wannan aikin kaɗan, amma ba a kawar da faɗakarwar gaba ɗaya. Ba kawai ba a fahimtarsu sosai - suna da ƙaramar fadada kuma suna faruwa sau da yawa sosai. Koyaya, wannan tasirin har yanzu yana da mummunan tasiri akan abubuwan da aka watsa.

Kowane sauye-sauye na zamani na akwatunan gearbox, misali, mutum-mutumi ko inji, saboda rikitarwa na shimfidawa, yana buƙatar raguwar rawan da ke zuwa daga motar. A baya, sun yi ƙoƙari su yaƙi wannan tare da taimakon maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a cikin na'urar watsawa, amma irin waɗannan ci gaban ba su nuna tasirin su ba.

A baya can, an shirya kama tare da torsional vibration damper. Koyaya, ICEs na zamani suna haɓaka ƙarin ƙarfi a dai-dai ɗaya ko ma ƙarami. Saboda wannan, ƙarfin irin wannan rawar jiki ya ƙaru, kuma damfin ba zai iya kawar da su ba.

Wani sabon ci gaba ya zo don ceto - mai ɗimbin yawa mai tashi. Wannan sinadarin ya sarayar da sararin samaniya ta hanyar cire torsional vibration damper. Wannan ya sauƙaƙe na'urar kaɗan. Hakanan, ɓangaren ya fara aiki azaman dam dam, yana kawar da jerks da ke zuwa daga injin ƙone ciki kamar yadda ya yiwu.

Ga wasu daga cikin kyawawan halayen wannan ci gaban:

• Torsional vibrations suna damped kamar yadda zai yiwu;
• Akwatin yana fuskantar ƙarancin damuwa da ke tasowa a cikin aikin kanta;
• Rashin inertia a cikin kama an cire shi kusan;
• Aukar sarari kaɗan da kwandon ruwa tare da danshi;
• Saurin ya fi sauƙi don sauyawa;
• Inganta kwanciyar hankali saboda rashin hayaniya da rawar jiki.

Yadda yake aiki

Lokacin da injin ya fara (da farko, mai farawa zai gungura firam na farko, yana jan hakoran bakin baki), ana amfani da samar da mai da wuta. Sannan motar tana aiki a cikin yanayin sarrafa kansa. Kayan aikin crank yana canza ƙungiyoyin fassara zuwa na juyawa. Ana amfani da karfin juyi ta hanyar shaft zuwa flave din da aka hade faifan firam din farko. An haɗa shi da diski na biyu ta hanyar bazara (yana aiki kamar damper).

Lokacin da direba ya ɗauki kaya, ana jujjuya juyawa daga ƙwanƙolin jirgi zuwa shaft ɗin shigarwar. Amma da zaran an fito da madogara, gearbox da kansa da kuma akwatin suna haifar da juriya.

Mota mai ƙarfi tana ci gaba da juya ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar, amma a ƙarƙashin lodi. A lokaci guda, hanyarta ta zama ta tsaka-tsalle, kuma sassaucin juyawa ya rikice - mafi ƙarfin motar, mafi rarrabe jerks.

Hanyar damper ce wacce take ɓangare na ƙirar kwando wanda ke ɗaukar waɗannan raurawar kamar yadda ya yiwu. Da farko dai, diski na farko yana matse maɓuɓɓugan, sannan kawai, a iyakar karkatarwarsa, an saita faifan na biyu yana aiki, wanda tuni an haɗa yanayin gogayya na dishin kama.

Yadda za'a zabi kwalliyar kwando kuma wane kamfani za'a saya?

Kafin ci gaba da zaɓin sabon jirgi, ya zama dole a gano wane gyare-gyare ake amfani da shi a cikin mota ta musamman. Kudin analog ɗin taro guda ɗaya zai zama ƙasa da na mai sau biyu.

Kamfanonin kera motoci gabaɗaya suna tsunduma cikin haɗuwa da shirye shirye waɗanda aka siyo daga kamfanoni daban-daban. Hakanan ya shafi ƙawancen tashi - za su iya zama na samfuran daban-daban, kuma, sakamakon haka, na ƙira daban-daban, wanda kuma ya shafi farashin ɓangaren kayayyakin.

Manyan masana'antun kayan kwalliya biyu-biyu

Ana kera ƙawancen ƙawancen ƙaho da takwarorinsu masu nauyin taro a duniya. Ya kamata a san cewa DMM ta bambanta da motocin Turai da samfuran Koriya da Jafananci.

Kamfanoni masu zuwa suna aikin kera kayayyakin gyara na motocin Turai:

• RUFE;
• TSARKAKA.

Kuma a kan motocin Jafanawa da Koriya, ana kera abubuwan ƙawancen ne ta:

• KASANCEWA;
• PHC.

Hakanan, yayin zaɓar ɓangaren kayayyakin, yana da kyau la'akari da cewa wasu masana'antun suna siyar da samfuran su a cikin saiti - ƙwanƙwasa tare da kwandon kama. Don ƙayyade gyare-gyaren wani ɓangare, kuna buƙatar neman taimako daga ƙwararru. Wani zaɓi shine zaɓi samfurin don alamar motar ta zaɓar shi daga kasida.

Yadda ake bincika dusar ƙanƙara

Akwai kuskuren fahimta dayawa cewa ƙawancen tashi sama ɓangarori ne masu matsala. Ana iya faɗi wannan game da gyare-gyare na farko. A yau, masana'antun suna haɓaka ƙirar wannan ɓangaren, sabili da haka, ana ba da samfuran inganci zuwa ƙarshen mabukaci.

Alamar farko wacce ta sanya yawancin masu motoci duba DMM shine karuwar tashin hankali yayin aikin injiniya. A zahiri, sau da yawa irin wannan tasirin yana da alaƙa da farko tare da tsarin mai, saitunan lokaci, da kuma rashin nasara a cikin lantarki na motar.

Kafin cire ƙwanƙwasa, ya zama dole a cire matsalolin da ke da alamomin kamannin lalacewar ƙawancen. Don yin wannan, gano asali abin hawa.

DMM bangare ne wanda ba za a iya rabuwa da shi ba, saboda haka ba koyaushe ake tantance karyewar sa ta duban gani ba. Don tabbatar da cewa ƙawancen ba matsalar bane, bi hanyoyin da ke ƙasa.

Injin yana farawa, kuma saurin yana tashi daidai zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar. Kuna buƙatar riƙe su na ɗan lokaci sannan kuma a hankali rage su. Idan ba a ji wata hayaniya da rawar jiki a lokacin da aka gano ta ba, to sai a duba matsalar da ake zargin sanya DMM a wata motar.

Na'urar dusar ƙanƙara ta haɗu da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa tare da matakai daban-daban na taurin kai, wanda ke dusar da rawar jiki a cikin jeri daban-daban na motar. Bayyanar girgiza a wasu hanzari na iya nuna wane ɓangaren ya gaza - mai wuya ko mai laushi.

Rashin aiki da lalacewa

DMMs na zamani suna da albarkatun kusan kilomita dubu 200. Alamomin da direba ke buƙatar kulawa da ƙwanƙwasa shine:

• Faruwar girgizar daga injin din a saurin gudu na injin konewa na ciki (kafin canza wannan bangare, ya zama dole a ware guda uku na motar, wanda yake da irin wannan bayyanuwar), kuma bayyanar da irin wannan tasirin a saurin daban na iya nuna matsaloli daban-daban a cikin bangaren bangaren;
• Tare da canji a cikin lodi (direban yana farawa ko kashe injin, haka kuma yayin saurin), ana jin kararrawa a bayyane;
• Ana jin ƙararrawa lokacin fara injin. Hakanan tasirin zai iya bayyana lokacin da aka dakatar da motar. Yana jin kamar farawa ba ya daina aiki.

Waɗannan alamun sun nuna cewa akwai matsala tare da ƙwanƙwasa ko kuma tana buƙatar maye gurbinsa kwata-kwata.

Dalilan da suka sa matsalar rashin karfin dabba ta biyu ta hada da:

• Asarar man shafawa;
• Faifan diski suna karce ko mara kyau;
• Karyewar bazara ko sau daya a lokaci daya;
• Rushewa cikin inji.

Wasu matsalar aiki, kamar su malalar man shafawa ko shafawa a waje na diski na biyu, ana iya gano su ta hanyar duba gani lokacin da aka cire kama. Sauran ragowar abubuwan da aka gano ana samun su ne kawai bayan lalatawa da bincikar ɓangaren akan tsayayyar ta musamman.

Gyara na biyu-taro flywheel

A irin waɗannan halaye, yawancin masana suna ba da shawarar maye gurbin maimakon gyara ɓangaren, tunda akwai ƙananan ƙwararrun mashahuri waɗanda zasu iya dawo da DMM daidai. Koyaya, mafi yawan lokuta mai motar yana tunani game da ko dai siyan sabon, amma sauyin kasafin kuɗi (a wannan yanayin, za'a canza shi sau da yawa), ko kuma neman ƙwararren masani da irin wannan aikin.

Ayyukan dawowa sun hada da:

• Rushewar jirgin sama;
• Cire abubuwan da suka lalace;
• Sauya fasinja - abin ɗorawa yayin aikin DMM ya rasa ƙarfi, sabili da haka, yayin aikin maidowa, ya zama dole a maye gurbinsu da sababbi
• Kashewar lalacewa a saman ciki na diski (koyaushe yana bayyana, tunda maɓuɓɓugan suna yawan haɗuwa da saman diski);
• Bayan gyare-gyare, dole ne tsarin ya daidaita ta yadda sashin kansa baya haifar da rawar jiki;
• Refueling tare da sabon man shafawa.

Akwai ragargajewa wanda ba zai yiwu a maido da bangaren ba. Misalan wannan sune fashewa da nakasawa a cikin gidan tashi. A wannan yanayin, zai yiwu kawai a maye gurbin abin da sabon.

Kafin yanke shawarar dawo da DMM, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa maigidan yana da ƙwarewa sosai a cikin irin wannan aikin, kuma yana aiwatar da su da kyau (alamar farko ita ce kasancewar daidaiton ma'auni - ba tare da shi ba, ba shi yiwuwa a kammala aikin yadda ya kamata). Gaskiyar ita ce, ƙwararren masani zai ɗauki kuɗi da yawa don wannan aikin (sau da yawa daidai yake da shigar da sabon ɓangare na kasafin kuɗi), kuma abubuwan haɗin ba su da arha.

Tambaya ta karshe itace yaushe za'a sake samarda kwandon jirgi? Ya dogara da ingancin aikin da aka yi, da ingancin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su. Wani lokaci albarkatun ta kusan iri ɗaya ne da sabon analog - kusan dubu 150.

Anan akwai wasu nasihu don taimaka muku don kiyaye DMM a duk tsawon rayuwarsa, kuma wani lokacin ɗan ƙarami kaɗan:

• Kada ku keta hanyoyin don maye gurbin diski na kama;
• Lokacin sauya motsi, kada a sauke feda, amma a sakeshi cikin sauki (don karin bayani kan yadda ake kula da riko, duba a cikin labarin daban);
• Salon tuki mai kyau - guji zamewar dabaran;
• Guji yawan tafiye-tafiye akai-akai a kan gajerun hanyoyi (lokacin farawa / tsayawa, motar tana yin aiki mai mahimmanci akan dam ɗin na'urar);
• Saka idanu ga mai farawa don kyakkyawan yanayi - bendix bai kamata yayi wasa ba.

A ƙarshe - sigar bidiyo na kayan abu:

Menene kwalliyar kwando? Dual-taro flywheel!

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Me ake nufi da ɗumbin taro na gardama? Wannan gyaran gyare-gyare na ƙaya yana dogara da injuna masu ƙarfi tare da babban juzu'i. Yana da ikon datse girgizawa da girgizar girgizar da ke fitowa daga injin zuwa akwatin gear.

Menene Dual Mass Flywheel? Wannan faifan diski ne wanda ke manne da crankshaft. Faifan da aka kora kwandon kama an danne shi da ƙarfi. Zanensa yana da jerin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa waɗanda ke datse girgizawar ƙugiya na crankshaft.

Mene ne ke kashe keken tashi sama mai dual-mass? Yawaita cunkoso da fara injin konewa na ciki, tuƙi mai tsauri, haɓakar mota mai kaifi, birkin injin, tuƙi cikin ƙananan gudu (daga baya kunna ƙaramin kaya akan tuddai).

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin keken gardama guda ɗaya da ƙanƙara mai-girma? Ƙaƙwalwar ƙwanƙwasa guda ɗaya kawai diski mai yanki ɗaya ne ba tare da damping (wanda ke ramawa) maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ba (ana sanya su a cikin faifan clutch), waɗanda aka sanye da ƙanƙara mai-girma biyu.