DOHC da SOHC injuna: bambance-bambance, fa'ida da rashin amfani

Kafin zabar mota, mai motar nan gaba yana fuskantar tarin bayanai, kwatanta dubban halaye. Wannan lambar ya haɗa da nau'in injin, da kuma shimfidar kan silinda, wanda za'a tattauna akai. Menene injin DOHC da SOHC, menene bambancin su, na'urar, fa'ida da rashin amfani - karantawa.

📌Menene injin SOHC

 Single Over Head Camshaft (guda na sama camshaft) - irin wannan Motors sun kasance a kololuwar shahara a cikin 60-70s na karshe karni. Layin shi ne babban camshaft (a cikin silinda kai), da kuma shirye-shiryen bawul da yawa:

• gyaran bawul ta hanyar makamai masu linzami, waɗanda aka ɗora su a kan wani akwara dabam, yayin da aka shirya abubuwan ci da shaye-shaye cikin sigar V. Anyi amfani da irin wannan tsarin sosai akan motocin Amurka, injin UZAM-412 na cikin gida, ya shahara saboda kyakkyawan bugu na silinda;
• aiki na bawul din ta amfani da rokoki, wanda ake amfani da shi ta hanyar karfi na cams na shaft mai juyawa, yayin da aka shirya bawuloli a jere;
• kasancewar masu turawa (masu dauke da ruwa ko kuma turawa), wadanda suke tsakanin bawul din da cam cam.

A yau, masana'antun motoci da yawa tare da injin-bawul 8 suna amfani da shimfidar SOHC a matsayin asali, sigar da ta dace.

Tarihin injin SOHC

A cikin 1910, kamfanin Maudslay ya yi amfani da nau'ikan nau'in rarraba gas na musamman a wancan lokacin akan nau'ikan 32 HP. Abinda keɓaɓɓen injin da ke da irin wannan lokaci shine cewa akwai ƙwanƙwasa ɗaya a cikin injin ɗin, kuma tana saman samfuran da ke cikin kangon.

Kowane bawul ana iya tuka shi ta hannun makaman roka, masu roka ko turawa masu motsi. Wasu injina, kamar su Triumph Dolomite Sprint ICE, suna amfani da mayuka daban-daban. Pusungiyar shigarwa suna turawa ta turawa, kuma ƙungiyar masu fita ta hanyar masu lalata. Kuma saboda wannan, anyi amfani da camshaft ɗaya.

📌Menene injin DOHC

 Menene injin DOHC (biyu na sama camshafts) - ingantaccen sigar SOHC ne, saboda kasancewar camshafts guda biyu, yana yiwuwa a ƙara adadin bawuloli da silinda (yawanci 4 bawuloli), ana amfani da nau'ikan layout biyu a halin yanzu. :

• biyu bawuloli da Silinda - bawuloli ne a layi daya da juna, daya shaft a kowane gefe;
• hudu ko fiye da bawuloli da Silinda - da bawuloli suna shigar a layi daya, daya shaft na 4-Silinda engine iya samun daga 2 zuwa 3 bawuloli (VAG 1.8 20V ADR engine).

Mafi yaduwa shine motocin DOHC saboda ikon iya daidaita matakan ci da shaye-shaye daban daban, tare da haɓaka yawan bawul ba tare da cika kamera ba. A yanzu an tsara injunan turbocharges tare da kamfani biyu ko sama da ɗaya, suna ba da aiki mafi inganci.

Tarihin halittar injin DOHC

Injiniyoyin Peugeot guda huɗu sun shiga cikin haɓakar injina irin na DOCH. Daga baya aka mai da wannan ƙungiyar "Gangar mutane huɗu". Kafin su fara haɓaka aikin wannan ƙarfin jirgin, mutane hudun sun yi nasara a tseren mota. Yayin da suke shiga cikin tsere, iyakar iyakar saurin injin ya kasance dubu biyu a minti ɗaya. Amma kowane mai tsere yana so ya sanya motarsa ​​mafi sauri.

Wannan ci gaban ya dogara ne da ƙa'idar da Zukkareli ya bayyana. Dangane da ra'ayinsa, an girka zangon aikin rarraba gas a sama da rukunin bawul din. Godiya ga wannan, masu zanen kaya sun sami damar keɓe sassan da ba dole ba daga ƙirar ƙungiyar ƙarfin. Kuma don inganta ingancin rarraba gas, an maye gurbin bawul ɗin nauyi ɗaya tare da wuta biyu. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da kowane camshaft na sha da bawul ɗin shaye shaye.

Abokin aikinsa, Henri, ya aiwatar da lissafin da ya dace don gabatar da ra'ayin ƙirar motar da aka gyara a cikin ci gaban. Dangane da lissafinsa, ana iya ƙaruwa da ƙarfin injin ƙonewa ta ciki ta hanyar ƙara yawan cakuda-mai da zai shiga cikin silinda a zagaye ɗaya na rukunin wutar. An sami wannan ta hanyar girka ƙananan bawul biyu a cikin kan silinda. Zasuyi aikin sosai fiye da babban bawul din diamita daya.

A wannan yanayin, BTC zai shiga cikin silinda a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ɓangarorin da aka haɗu. Godiya ga wannan, an rage amfani da mai, kuma ƙarfinta, akasin haka, ya ƙaru. Wannan ci gaban ya sami karɓuwa, kuma an aiwatar dashi a cikin mafi yawancin hanyoyin jirgin zamani.

DOHC tare da bawul biyu a kowane silinda

A yau, ba a amfani da irin waɗannan shimfidu. A cikin 70s na karni na ashirin, ana kiran injin biyu-bawul mai lamba 2OHC, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin motocin wasanni kamar Alfa Romeo, zanga-zangar “Moskvich-412” dangane da shugaban silinda na SOHC. 

DOHC tare da bawuloli huɗu a kowace silinda

Tsarin shimfidawa wanda ya samo hanyar karkashin dubun dubatar ababen hawa. Godiya ga kamfanoni biyu, ya zama zai yiwu a girka bawul 4 a kowane silinda, wanda ke nufin ingantaccen aiki saboda ingantaccen cika da tsarkake silinda. 

📌Yadda DOHC ta banbanta da SOHC da sauran nau'ikan injina

Babban bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan motar biyu shine adadin camshafts da kuma aikin motsawar bawul. A cikin sharia ta farko da ta biyu, camshaft koyaushe yana cikin shugaban silinda, ana tura bawul din ta hannun makamai, masu roka ko masu dauke da iska. An yi imanin cewa V-bawul SOHC da 16-bawul DOHC suna da iko iri ɗaya da ƙarfin ƙarfi saboda siffofin ƙira.

📌DOHC fa'ida da rashin amfani

A kan cancanta:

• ingantaccen mai;
• babban iko idan aka kwatanta da sauran shimfidu;
• wadatattun dama don kara iko;
• ƙananan amo na aiki saboda amfani da kayyakin aikin hydraulic.

Rashin amfani:

• ƙarin sassa na lalacewa - ƙarin kulawa da gyara tsada;
• hadarin haɗari na lokaci-lokaci saboda sassauta sarkar ko bel din lokaci;
• ƙwarewa ga inganci da matakin mai.

📌SOHC fa'ida da rashin amfani

A kan cancanta:

• arha da sauƙin kiyayewa saboda ƙira mai sauƙi;
• ikon shigar da turbocharged tare da tsarin bawul mai siffofin V;
• yiwuwar gyaran kai na gyaran mota.

Rashin amfani:

• Mafi ƙarancin inganci, dangane da DOHC;
• babban amfani dangane da injin bawul 16 saboda ƙarancin ƙarfi;
• raguwa mai yawa a rayuwar injiniya yayin kunnawa;
• buƙatar karin hankali akai-akai ga tsarin lokaci (daidaita bawul, dubawar turawa, sauya bel ɗin lokaci).

A ƙarshe, muna ba da ɗan gajeren bidiyo game da bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan motar biyu:

SOHC vs DOHC | Takaddun shaida

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Me motoci suke da injunan DOHC. Ana amfani da injunan rarraba gas na DOHC a cikin motoci tun daga shekarun 1960. Asali gyara ne tare da bawul biyu ta kowace silinda (mashiga ɗaya, mashiga ɗaya). Bawul ɗin shan abin hawa da sharar sun dogara ne da camshaft ɗaya. Nan gaba kadan, bel din lokaci mai dauke da kyamara guda biyu ya bayyana, silinda daya kacal ya dogara da bawul hudu (biyu a mashigar ruwa, biyu a mashigar). Cikakken jerin irin wadannan injunan suna da wahalar hadawa, amma mai kera motoci yana nuna wannan tsarin na aikin rarraba gas din tare da rubutu mai dacewa akan murfin silinda ko kuma a cikin takardun fasaha.

Wadanne injina ne injunan SOHC. Idan motar ta kasance ajin tattalin arziki ne, to akwai alama cewa tsarin rarraba gas na injin wannan ƙirar yana da kwasfa ɗaya don dukkan bawul. Girman shaharar irin waɗannan injina ya faɗi ne a ƙarshen 60s zuwa 70s, amma a cikin motocin zamani, sau da yawa ana samun sauye-sauye na rukunin wuta tare da irin wannan injin rarraba gas. Irin wannan lokacin yana bayyane ta hanyar rubutun daidai akan murfin murfin silinda.