Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na yanayin firikwensin matsayin crankshaft

Don inganta ingancin aiki, tattalin arziƙi da ƙarancin muhalli na sufuri na zamani, masana'antar kera motoci suna wadata motoci da ƙaruwar na'urorin lantarki. Dalilin shi ne cewa kayan aikin injiniyan da ke da alhakin, misali, don ƙirƙirar tartsatsin wuta a cikin silinda, waɗanda aka wadata su da tsofaffin motoci, sun kasance sananne ga rashin zaman lafiyar su. Ko da ɗan iskan shayi na lambobin zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa motar kawai ta daina farawa, koda kuwa ba tare da wani dalili ba.

Toari da wannan rashin fa'ida, na'urorin inji ba su ba da izinin kunna naúrar wuta ba. Misali na wannan shine tsarin ƙone lambar sadarwa, wanda aka bayyana shi dalla-dalla. a nan... Babban maɓallin a ciki shine mai rarraba kayan inji - karanta game da na'urar mai rarrabawa a cikin wani bita). Kodayake tare da kiyayewa daidai da lokacin ƙonewa daidai, wannan injin ɗin ya samar da walƙiya akan lokacin walƙiya, tare da bayyanar turbochargers ba zai iya yin aiki kamar yadda ya dace ba.

A matsayin ingantaccen sigar, injiniyoyi sun haɓaka contactless ƙonewa tsarin, wanda aka yi amfani da mai rarraba ɗaya, wanda aka sanya firikwensin motsa jiki a ciki maimakon maɓallin inji. Godiya ga wannan, yana yiwuwa a sami babban kwanciyar hankali na samuwar bugun jini mai ƙarfi, amma sauran abubuwan rashin amfanin na SZ ba a kawar da su ba, tunda har yanzu ana amfani da mai rarraba injina a ciki.

Don kawar da duk rashin dacewar da ke tattare da aikin abubuwan injina, an ƙaddamar da tsarin ƙonewa na zamani - lantarki (game da tsarinta da tsarin aikinta an bayyana shi a nan). Babban maɓalli a cikin irin wannan tsarin shine firikwensin matsayin crankshaft.

Yi la'akari da menene, menene ƙa'idar aikinta, abin da ke da alhakinta, yadda za a ƙayyade rashin ingancinsa, da kuma abin da lalacewarta ke cike da shi.

Menene DPKV

An sanya firikwensin matsayin crankshaft a cikin duk injin injin da ke aiki akan mai ko gas. Hakanan ana amfani da injunan dizal na zamani da irin wannan kayan aikin. Sai kawai a cikin wannan yanayin, bisa la'akari da alamunsa, lokacin da aka ƙayyade allurar man diesel, ba samar da walƙiya ba, tunda injin dizal yana aiki bisa ga wata ƙa'ida ta daban (kwatankwacin waɗannan nau'ikan injina biyu shine a nan).

Wannan firikwensin yana yin rikodi a wane lokaci piston na farko da na huɗu za su ɗauki matsayin da ake so (saman matattu da ƙasa). Yana haifar da bugun jini wanda ke zuwa sashin sarrafa lantarki. Daga waɗannan siginonin, microprocessor yana ƙayyade irin saurin da crankshaft yake juyawa.

Wannan bayanin yana buƙatar ECU don gyara SPL. Kamar yadda kuka sani, gwargwadon yanayin aikin injin, ana buƙatar kunna wutan mai da iska a lokuta daban-daban. A cikin tsarin tuntuɓar tuntube da waɗanda ba abokan hulɗa ba, an gudanar da wannan aikin ta hanyar sarrafawa da motsa jiki. A cikin tsarin lantarki, ana aiwatar da wannan aikin ta hanyar algorithms na sashin kula da lantarki daidai da firmware da masana'anta suka girka.

Game da injin dizal, alamun daga DPKV suna taimaka wa ECU don sarrafa allurar man dizal a cikin kowane silinda. Idan aikin rarraba gas yana dauke da mai sauya lokaci, to bisa tushen bugun daga firikwensin, lantarki yana canza jujjuyawar tsarin na inji canje-canje lokacin bawul... Hakanan ana buƙatar waɗannan alamun don gyara aikin mai talla (cikakken bayani game da wannan tsarin an bayyana shi a nan).

Dogaro da ƙirar mota da nau'in tsarin jirgi, wutar lantarki suna iya daidaita abubuwan da ke cikin iska mai-iska. Wannan yana ba injin damar aiki sosai yayin amfani da ƙananan mai.

Duk wani injin konewa na zamani ba zai yi aiki ba, tunda DPKV ne ke da alhakin alamomin, ba tare da hakan lantarki ba zai iya tantance lokacin da za a samar da wutar tartsatsin wuta ko dizal ba. Amma ga naúrar wutar lantarki, babu buƙatar wannan firikwensin. Dalilin shi ne cewa tsarin samuwar VTS ana sarrafa shi ne ta hanyar carburetor kansa (karanta game da bambance-bambance tsakanin allura da injunan carburetor daban). Bugu da ƙari, haɗin MTC bai dogara da yanayin aikin ƙungiyar ba. Lantarki yana ba ka damar canza mataki na wadatar cakuda, gwargwadon kaya akan injin ƙonewa na ciki.

Wasu masu motoci sunyi imanin cewa DPKV da firikwensin da ke kusa da camshaft duk na'urori ne. A zahiri, wannan yayi nesa da shari'ar. Na'urar farko tana gyara matsayin crankshaft, kuma na biyu - camshaft. A karo na biyu, firikwensin ya gano matsayin kusurwa na camshaft don lantarki ya samar da ingantaccen aiki na allurar mai da tsarin ƙonewa. Dukansu firikwensin suna aiki tare, amma ba tare da firikwensin crankshaft ba, injin ba zai fara ba.

Crankshaft matsayin na'urar firikwensin

Tsarin firikwensin na iya bambanta daga abin hawa zuwa abin hawa, amma abubuwan maɓallan iri ɗaya ne. DPKV ya ƙunshi:

• Magnet na dindindin;
• Gidaje;
• Magnetic tsakiya;
• Tuddan lantarki.

Don haka haɗin tsakanin wayoyi da abubuwan firikwensin ba ya ɓace, duk suna cikin cikin lamarin, wanda ke cike da maɓallin maɓallin. An haɗa na'urar zuwa tsarin jirgi ta hanyar haɗin haɗin mata / na miji. Akwai kaya a jikin na'urar don gyara shi a wurin aiki.

Mai firikwensin koyaushe yana aiki tare tare da ƙarin abu ɗaya, kodayake ba a haɗa shi a cikin ƙirar sa ba. Wannan hawan haƙori ne. Akwai karamin tazara tsakanin magnetic magwajin da haƙoran juji.

Ina firikwensin crankshaft

Tunda wannan firikwensin ya gano matsayin crankshaft, dole ne ya kasance yana kusa da wannan ɓangaren injin ɗin. An shigar da haƙoran haƙori a kan shaft kanta ko ƙwanƙwasa (ƙari, game da dalilin da ya sa ake buƙatar ƙaho, da waɗanne gyare-gyare ne, an bayyana shi daban).

An gyara firikwensin a tsaye a kan silinda ta amfani da sashi na musamman. Babu wani wuri don wannan firikwensin In ba haka ba, ba za ta iya jimre wa aikinta ba. Yanzu bari muyi la'akari da mahimman ayyukan firikwensin.

Menene aikin firikwensin crankshaft?

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a tsarin tsari, yanayin firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft na iya bambanta da juna, amma maɓallin maɓallin duka duka ɗaya ne - don ƙayyade lokacin da ya kamata a kunna tsarin wuta da allura.

Ka'idar aiki zai bambanta kadan dangane da nau'in na'urori masu auna sigina. Mafi sauƙin canzawa shine jan hankali ko maganaɗisu. Na'urar tana aiki kamar haka.

Faifan da ake amfani da shi (wanda ake kira toothed pulley) an sanye shi da hakora 60. Koyaya, a wani ɓangare na ɓangarorin abubuwa biyu sun ɓace. Wannan tazara kenan wanda shine matattarar ishara wacce aka rubuta cikakken juzu'i na crankshaft. A yayin juyawar juji, haƙoransa a wani lokaci suna wucewa a cikin yankin magnetic filin firikwensin. Da zaran wani babban rami mara hakora ya wuce ta wannan yankin, ana haifar da bugun jini a ciki, wanda aka ciyar da shi ta wayoyi zuwa sashin sarrafawa.

An tsara microprocessor na tsarin jirgi don alamomi daban-daban na waɗannan bugun jini, gwargwadon abin da aka kunna algorithms masu dacewa, kuma lantarki ke kunna tsarin da ake so ko daidaita aikinsa.

Har ila yau akwai wasu gyare-gyare na fayafai, yawan haƙoran da za su iya bambanta. Misali, wasu injunan dizal suna amfani da babban diski tare da tsallake hakora biyu.

Nau'in na'urori masu auna sigina

Idan muka rarraba dukkan na'urori masu auna sigina zuwa gida-gida, to, za su zama uku daga cikinsu. Kowane nau'in firikwensin yana da ƙa'idar aiki:

• Senirƙirar haske ko maganadisu... Zai yiwu wannan shine sauƙin mafi sauƙi. Aikinta baya buƙatar haɗi zuwa kewaya na lantarki, tunda da kansa yake samarda bugun jini saboda haɓakar maganadisu. Saboda sauƙin ƙirar da babban aikin kayan aiki, irin wannan DPKV ɗin zai kashe kuɗi kaɗan. Daga cikin rashin dacewar irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren, yana da kyau a ambata cewa na'urar tana da matukar damuwa da datti. Dole ne ya zama babu wasu ƙananan abubuwa, kamar fim ɗin mai, tsakanin abubuwan maganadisu da haƙoransu. Hakanan, don ingancin samuwar bugun zafin lantarki, ya zama dole cewa jujjuya yana juyawa da sauri.
• Hasken auna... Duk da na'urar da ta fi rikitarwa, irin wannan DPKV abin dogaro ne kuma yana da babban albarkatu. An bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da na'urar da yadda take aiki a wani labarin... A hanyar, ana iya amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da yawa a cikin motar da ke aiki a kan wannan ƙa'idar, kuma za su kasance da alhakin sigogi daban-daban. Don firikwensin yayi aiki, dole ne a bashi ƙarfin aiki. Ba a cika amfani da wannan gyare-gyare don kulle matsayin crankshaft.
• Na'urar haska bayanai mai gani... Wannan gyaran yana sanye da tushen haske da mai karba. Na'urar ita ce kamar haka. Hakoran pulley suna gudana tsakanin LED da photodiode. A yayin juyawa na diski na nuni, hasken haske ko dai ya shiga ko katse wadatar sa ga mai gano hasken. A cikin photodiode, akan aikin haske, an kafa ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda aka ciyar da su zuwa ECU. Saboda ƙwarewar na'urar da yanayin rauni, wannan sauyin shima ba safai ake girkawa akan inji ba.

Alamar damuwa

Lokacin da wasu nau'ikan lantarki ko injina da ke tattare da shi suka gaza, rukunin zai fara aiki ba daidai ba. Misali, zai iya yin amfani da shi (don cikakkun bayanai kan dalilin da yasa wannan tasirin ya bayyana, karanta a nan), rashin ƙarfi ne ga rago, farawa tare da wahala mai yawa, da dai sauransu. Amma idan DPKV baya aiki, injin ƙone ciki ba zai fara komai ba.

Na'urar haska bayanai kamar haka ba ta da wata matsala. Ko dai ya yi aiki ko bai yi ba. Halin kawai inda na'urar zata iya ci gaba da aiki shine tuntuɓar oxidation. A wannan yanayin, ana yin sigina a cikin firikwensin, amma fitowar sa ba ta faruwa saboda gaskiyar cewa wutar lantarki ta karye. A wasu lokuta, firikwensin da ba shi da kyau zai sami alama guda ɗaya kawai - motar za ta tsaya kuma ba za ta fara ba.

Idan na'urar firikwensin crankshaft ba ta aiki, na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki ba za ta yi rikodin sigina daga gare ta ba, kuma gunkin injin ko rubutun "Duba Injin" zai haskaka a jikin kayan aikin. An gano fashewar firikwensin yayin juyawar crankshaft. Microprocessor yana dakatar da rikodin motsi daga firikwensin, don haka bai fahimci a wane lokaci ya zama dole a ba da umarni ga masu allura da murfin wuta ba.

Akwai dalilai da yawa don karyewar firikwensin. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

1. Rushewar tsari yayin ɗaukar zafin jiki da rawar jiki akai-akai;
2. Yin aiki da motar a yankuna masu daɗi ko mamaye wurare masu yawa;
3. Canji mai kaifi a cikin tsarin zafin jiki na na'urar (musamman a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da bambancin yanayin zafi yayi yawa).

Rashin kuskuren firikwensin gama gari ba shi da alaƙa da shi, amma ga wayoyin sa. Sakamakon lalacewa ta yau da kullun, kebul ɗin zai iya lalacewa, wanda zai haifar da asarar ƙarfin lantarki.

Kuna buƙatar kula da DPKV a cikin lamarin mai zuwa:

• Motar ba ta farawa, kuma wannan na iya zama ba tare da la’akari da cewa injin yana da zafi ko a’a;
• Saurin crankshaft ya fadi kasa warwas, kuma motar tana motsawa, kamar dai man ya kare (mai bai shiga cikin silinda ba, tunda ECU yana jiran wani abu ne daga na'urar firikwensin, kuma babu wani kwaran da yake gudana zuwa kyandirorin, kuma kuma saboda rashin motsi daga DPKV);
• Detonation (wannan yana faruwa ne musamman ba saboda lalacewar firikwensin ba, amma saboda tsayayyen tsayayyen sa) na injin, wanda nan da nan zai sanar da kai game da Mai auna firikwensin;
• Motar koyaushe tana tsayawa (wannan na iya faruwa idan akwai matsala tare da wayoyi, kuma sigina daga firikwensin ya bayyana kuma ya ɓace).

Abubuwan da ke motsa shawagi, raunin ƙarfin kuzari da sauran alamun alamun alamu ne na gazawar sauran tsarin abin hawa. Game da firikwensin, idan sigina ya ɓace, microprocessor zai jira har sai wannan bugun jini ya bayyana. A wannan yanayin, tsarin jirgi yana "tunanin" cewa crankshaft baya juyawa, don haka ba a samar da walƙiya ba, kuma ba a fesa mai a cikin silinda ba.

Don sanin dalilin da ya sa motar ta daina aiki tsayayye, ya zama dole a gudanar da bincike na kwamfuta. Yadda za'ayi shine raba labarin.

Yadda zaka duba firikwensin crankshaft

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don bincika DPKV. Abu na farko da za'a fara shine duba gani. Da farko kana buƙatar duba ingancin sakawa. Saboda sautin karawar firikwensin, nisa daga yanayin maganadisu zuwa saman hakoran yana canzawa koyaushe. Wannan na iya haifar da watsa sigina mara daidai. Saboda wannan dalili, lantarki zai iya aika sigina zuwa kuskuren aiki. A wannan yanayin, aikin motar na iya zama tare da ayyukan rashin hankali kwata-kwata: fashewa, ƙara ƙarfi / raguwa cikin sauri, da dai sauransu.

Idan na'urar ta kafu yadda ya kamata, babu buƙatar yin zato game da abin da zai yi gaba. Mataki na gaba a cikin duba gani shine duba ingancin igiyar firikwensin. Yawancin lokaci, a nan ne gano ƙarancin firikwensin ya ƙare, kuma na'urar tana ci gaba da aiki daidai. Hanyar tabbatarwa mafi inganci ita ce shigar da sanannen aikin analog. Idan ƙungiyar wutar ta fara aiki daidai kuma a tsaye, to, zamu yar da tsohon firikwensin.

A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, guntun maganadisu ya gaza. Wannan lalacewar zai taimaka don gano multimeter. An saita na'urar zuwa yanayin ma'aunin juriya. An haɗa binciken tare da firikwensin daidai gwargwado. A yadda aka saba, wannan mai nuna alama ya kasance cikin kewayon daga 550 zuwa 750 Ohm.

Don kar a kashe kuɗi kan bincika kayan aikin mutum, yana da amfani don aiwatar da binciken rigakafin yau da kullun. Ofaya daga cikin kayan aikin da zasu iya taimakawa gano ɓoyayyun matsaloli a cikin kayan lantarki daban-daban shine oscilloscope. Yadda aka bayyana wannan na’urar a nan.

Don haka, idan wani firikwensin cikin motar ya kasa, lantarki zai shiga yanayin gaggawa kuma zai yi aiki ƙasa da ƙima, amma a cikin wannan yanayin zai yiwu zuwa tashar sabis mafi kusa. Amma idan na'urar firikwensin matsayin crankshaft ta lalace, to rukunin ba zai yi aiki ba tare da shi. Saboda wannan dalili, zai fi kyau koyaushe a sami analog a cikin haja.

Ari, kalli ɗan gajeren bidiyo kan yadda DPKV ke aiki, da kuma DPRV:

Crankshaft da camshaft na'urori masu auna sigina: ka'idar aiki, rashin aiki da hanyoyin bincike. Kashi na 11

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene zai faru lokacin da firikwensin crankshaft ya kasa? Lokacin da siginar daga firikwensin crankshaft ya ɓace, mai sarrafawa yana daina haifar da bugun bugun jini. Saboda wannan, kunnawa ya daina aiki.

Yadda za a gane cewa crankshaft firikwensin ya mutu? Idan firikwensin crankshaft ya gaza, motar ko dai ba za ta tashi ba ko ta tsaya. Dalili kuwa shi ne cewa sashin sarrafawa ba zai iya tantancewa a wane lokaci don ƙirƙirar abin sha'awa don samar da tartsatsin wuta ba.

Menene zai faru idan firikwensin crankshaft bai yi aiki ba?  Ana buƙatar sigina daga firikwensin crankshaft don daidaita aikin injectors na man fetur (injin dizal) da tsarin kunnawa (a cikin injunan mai). Idan ta karye, motar ba za ta tashi ba.

Ina firikwensin crankshaft yake? Ainihin, wannan firikwensin yana daidaitawa kai tsaye akan toshe Silinda. A wasu samfuran, yana tsaye kusa da crankshaft pulley har ma a kan mahalli na gearbox.