Gwajin gwajin Citroën 11 CV, Citroën DS, Citroën CX: avant-garde na Faransa
Long rayuwa bambanci! Ganawa tare da Faransanci na zamani biyu da na gaba
A cikin karni na ashirin, alamar Citroën tana da matsayi na musamman a cikin duniyar mota saboda sabon fasaha da ƙirar asali. A yau za mu kalli samfura uku na al'ada: 11 CV, DS da CX.
A farkon shekarun 60, masu yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci Faransa sun ga wani hoto mai ban mamaki a kan hanya: tsakanin fasahar Citroën ta zamani da nau'ikan DS, tare da shimfidar shimfidar wuta irin ta torpedo, da kuma irin Pininfarina mai kama da Peugeot 404 tare da ƙananan ƙoshin baya. , motoci masu launin baki ko launin toka masu ƙirar ƙira kafin yaƙi.
Da alama ba kowane Bafaranshe bane zai iya siyan sabon motar iyali. Aƙalla, yawancin masu Opel Rekord da Ford 17 M, waɗanda suka zo tare da yara daga Jamus don yin hutu a Faransa, sun yi tunanin haka. Koyaya, sun yi kuskure ƙwarai, saboda tsofaffi, ɗan ƙarami da ɗan tsoratarwa "motocin 'yan fashi" sun cika da fasahar zamani kuma Citroën ya sayar da su azaman sabbin motoci har zuwa 1957. Kuma a yau an gabatar da Traction Avant a cikin 1934. a cikin sigogi 7, 11 da 15 CV yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran da aka fi nema.
Citroën 11 CV tare da shekaru 23 na sabis
Tare da jikinsa na tallafi, mai matsakaiciyar aminci da gaba-dabaran, matsakaiciyar cibiyar nauyi da sandar torsion mai dadi, Traction Avant, kamar yadda aka saba kiranta, ya kasance cikin kewayen kamfanin tsawon shekaru 23. Lokacin da samarwa ya sake komawa a cikin 1946 bayan dakatar da shi na shekaru biyar yayin yakin, CV 11 har yanzu suna riƙe da bayyanar su gabanin yaƙi tare da ƙofofi na baya, babbar radiator a tsaye da manyan fitiloli masu buɗewa da fitilu.
Babban canji kawai ya zo ne a lokacin rani na 1952, lokacin da aka haɗa masu gogewa zuwa ƙasa, kuma saboda faɗaɗawa, an buɗe sararin baya don taya ta waje da ƙarin kaya. Saboda haka, masanan sun bambanta tsakanin "samfurin tare da dabaran" da "samfurin tare da ganga." Na biyu ya riga ya kasance tare da mu kuma a shirye yake don hawan gwaji.
Stroller tare da jin daɗin baya
A cikin Traction Avant, ana ɗaukar direba da fasinja na gaba a cikin ma'aikatan, wanda aikinsu shi ne ya jagoranci mazajen da ke tafiya a cikin kujerar baya mai daɗi a hankali. Ƙaƙƙarfar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfar gabanta da gilashin gilashin da ke tashi a gaban direban ya yi kusan rashin kwanciyar hankali da yanayin kujerar baya. Bugu da kari, sabon lebar motsi da ke fitowa daga dashboard a karshe yana ba direban Traction Avant tambarin ƙwararren koci - kodayake akwatin gear ɗin mai sauri uku, wanda yake a gaba, bayan grille, yana iya jujjuya shi ta wannan ledar.
Koyaya, tsarin siginar wutar lantarki yana buƙatar iko mai yawa akan wurin kamar sitiyarin motar MAN Bundeswehr mai nauyin ton biyar. A kan hanya, duk da haka, motar tana da kyau, kuma jin daɗin dakatarwa ya cancanci ma'anar "mai dadi". Matsakaicin girman amo yana haifar da ruɗi na saurin karya wuya. Hudu-Silinda 1,9-lita engine da 56 hp yana gudanar da hanzari zuwa kusan 120 km / h - waɗanda suke son ƙarin sun jira DS mai ƙarfi.
Citroën DS tare da dakatarwa na hydropneumatic a karon farko
Lokacin da Citroën ya gabatar da DS 1955 a matsayin magaji ga Traction Avant a cikin 19, yawancin abokan cinikin amintattun alamar sun sami " girgiza nan gaba " lokacin da Citroën ya ba da shawarar maye gurbin wasan motsa jiki tare da jet. Duk da haka, a ranar farko ta gabatar da mota a Paris Motor Show, 12 umarni aka samu.
Tare da jerin DS, masu zanen kaya ba wai kawai sun tsallake rabin karni na ci gaban zane ba, amma kuma suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin shari'ar nan gaba da nau'ikan kayan aiki na zamani. Hatta dakatarwa ta hydropneumatic shi kadai ya isa ya sanya tuki sabon kwarewa.
Ja 21 DS 1967 Pallas yana kama da sararin samaniya saboda ƙafafun baya kusan an ɓoye su a ƙarƙashin jiki. Lokacin da injin ya fara, shasi yana farkawa kuma ya ɗaga jiki inchesan inci kaɗan. Dakatarwa na hydropneumatic ya haɗu da nitrogen azaman bazara tare da babban tsarin na lantarki wanda famfon yana samarda tsayayyen ƙasa wanda koda za'a daidaita shi. Matsakaici mai tsayi ne kawai yake tuno da samfurin da ya gabata, yayin da sitiyari mai magana ɗaya da dashboard ɗin cushewar kayan aikin likita ke magana akan zamanin Citroën.
Godiya ga watsawa ta atomatik zuwa birkin soso na DS na yau da kullun, babu fedar kama. Muna matsawa ba tare da ƙafar hagu ba, kawai tare da lever akan sitiyarin, muna tsayawa ba tare da tafiye-tafiyen fetal ɗin da aka saba ba, kawai muna danna soso na roba da ƙarfi ko rauni - kuma muna zamewa tare da kwalta, kamar kusan ba tare da taɓa shi ba. Ci gaba kuma yana bayyana a cikin saurin da aka samu - tare da 100 hp. Jirgin DS 21 ya kai wani tudu mai nisan kilomita 175 a cikin sa'a guda. Hakanan an shigar shine CX, wanda don kwatancenmu sau uku yana cikin sigar 1979 GTI.
Citroën CX GTI tare da 128 HP
Kuma a nan bambancin gani tsakanin jerin DS da magajinsa, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1974, yana da girma - ko da yake CX ya fi DS kunkuntar santimita shida, amma ya fi girma da ban sha'awa fiye da wanda ya riga shi. Bambanci shine yafi saboda manyan fitilun trapezoidal da rage yawan tsayin motar da kusan santimita goma. Ana ɗaukar CX a matsayin haɗaɗɗiyar nasara tsakanin DS da Matra-Simca Bagheera na wasan motsa jiki.
Kujerun fata tare da dakunan wasan motsa jiki da watsawa ta tsaye mai saurin gudu biyar suna jaddada da'awar ga ƙarfin babban motar fasinja mai nauyin 128 hp. da kuma babban gudun kilomita 190. Injin yanzu yana juyewa, yana ba da damar saukowa da ƙafar gaba da yawa. Duk da dakatarwar hydropneumatic da har yanzu babban bambanci tsakanin waƙoƙin gaba da na baya, kusurwoyin CX da ƙarfin gwiwa amma ba sa manta da fasalin Citroën na yau da kullun kamar sitiya mai magana guda ɗaya, saurin gudu har ma da tachometer. Amma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke son waɗannan jajirtattun ƴan Faransawa masu taurin kai - saboda suna cece mu daga tarin kayan zaki.
ƙarshe
Edita Franz-Peter Hudek: Citroën Traction Avant da DS sun cancanci suna cikin ƙungiyar manyan litattafai. Suna ba da adadi mai yawa na fara'a na mutum-mutumi kuma, ban da wannan, fasaha mai ban sha'awa sosai. CX ya ci gaba da wannan al'ada. Abin takaici, har ma magoya bayan Citroën sun fahimci wannan a makare - a yau CX ta riga ta kasance cikin nau'in mota mai hatsari.
bayanan fasaha
Citroën 11 CV (wanda aka samar a 1952)
Injin
Silinda huɗu, injin bugun jini mai layi huɗu tare da gefen camshaft a baya. tare da sarkar lokaci, Solex ko maɓallin keɓaɓɓen Zenith.
Bore x Buguwa: 78 x 100mm
Imar aiki: 1911 cm³
Powerarfi: 56 hp a 4000 rpm
Max. karfin juyi: 125 Nm a 2000 rpm.
Isar da wutar lantarkiMotar-dabaran gaba, turawa ta hanzari guda uku, kayan aiki na farko daga aiki.
Jiki da katako
Jikin karfe mai goyan baya, dakatarwar zaman kansa, birki mai taya huɗu
Gabatarwa: katako mai kusurwa uku da na gicciye, maɓuɓɓugan ruwan torsion, masu ɗaukewar girgizar telescopic.
Na baya: daskararren axle tare da katako mai tsayi da torsion maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, masu ɗaukar hankalin telescopic
Girma da nauyi Length x nisa x tsawo: 4450 x 1670 x 1520 mm
Alkama: 2910 mm
Weight: 1070 kg.
Dynamic yi da farashiMatsakaicin iyakar: 118 km / h
Amfani: 10-12 l / 100 km.
Lokacin samarwa da zagayawaDaga 1934 zuwa 1957 kofi 759.
Citroën DS 21 (1967) Jaridar Citroën DS XNUMX
Injin
Silinda huɗu, injin bugun jini mai layi huɗu tare da gefen camshaft a baya. tare da sarkar lokaci, ɗayan Weber mai ɗauke da ɗakuna biyu
Bore x Buguwa: 90 x 85,5mm
Imar aiki: 2175 cm³
Powerarfi: 100 hp a 5500 rpm
Max. karfin juyi: 164 Nm a 3000 rpm.
Isar da wutar lantarkiMotar-dabaran gaba, saurin turawa ta hanzari hudu tare da motsa jiki mai dauke da iska.
Jiki da katakoSheet karfe dandamali frame, hydropneumatic leveling dakatar, hudu-dabaran Diski birki
Gabatar: sandar sandar
A baya: katako mai tsawo.
Girma da nauyi Length x nisa x tsawo: 4840 x 1790 x 1470 mm
Alkama: 3125 mm
Weight: 1280 kg
Tank: 65 l.
Dynamic yi da farashiMatsakaicin iyakar: 175 km / h
Amfani 10-13 l / 100 km.
Lokacin samarwa da zagayawaID na Citroën da DS daga 1955 zuwa 1975, 1 a cikin duka.
Citroen CX GTI
InjinSilinda huɗu, injin bugun jini mai layi huɗu tare da gefen camshaft a baya. tare da sarkar lokaci, tsarin allurar fetur na Bosch-L-Jetronic
Bore x Buguwa: 93,5 x 85,5mm
Imar aiki: 2347 cm³
Powerarfi: 128 hp a 4800 rpm
Max. karfin juyi: 197 Nm a 3600 rpm.
Isar da wutar lantarkiGaban-dabaran, saurin watsa kai tsaye biyar.
Jiki da katakoJikin tallafi da kai tare da subframe, dakatarwar hydropneumatic tare da daidaitawa, birki a kan dukkan ƙafafun guda huɗu
Gabatar: sandar sandar
A baya: katako mai tsawo
Tayoyi: 185 HR 14.
Girma da nauyi Length x nisa x tsawo: 4660 x 1730 x 1360 mm
Alkama: 2845 mm
Weight: 1375 kg
Tank: 68 l.
Dynamic yi da farashiMatsakaicin iyakar: 189 km / h
Hanzari daga 0 zuwa 100 km / h: 10,5 sec.
Amfani: 8-11 l / 100 km.
Lokacin samarwa da zagayawaCitroën CX daga 1974 zuwa 1985, 1 kwafi.
Rubutu: Frank-Peter Hudek
Hotuna: Karl-Heinz Augustin
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