4Matic duk-dabaran tuki tsarin

Kula da ababen hawa yana daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da amincin hanya ya dogara da su. Yawancin galibin motocin zamani suna da kayan aiki wanda ke watsa juzu'i zuwa ƙafafu ɗaya (na gaba ko na baya). Amma babban ƙarfin wasu jiragen ruwa yana tilasta masu kera motoci samar da sauye-sauye masu motsi. Idan ka canza karfin juyi daga babba mai aiki zuwa duwawiya, zamewar ƙafafun tuki babu makawa zai faru.

Don daidaita abin hawa akan hanya kuma sanya shi amintacce kuma amintacce a cikin salon tuki na wasanni, ya zama dole a rarraba karfin juyi zuwa ƙafafun duka. Wannan yana ƙarfafa kwanciyar hankali da sarrafa abin hawa a saman titunan hanya, kamar kankara, laka ko yashi.

Idan kun rarraba ƙoƙarin a kan kowane ƙafafun, da kyau inji ba ya jin tsoron ma mawuyacin yanayin hanya tare da saman ƙasa. Don cika wannan hangen nesan, masu kera motoci sun daɗe suna haɓaka kowane irin tsari waɗanda aka tsara don inganta kulawar mota a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Misali na wannan shine bambanci (don ƙarin bayani game da menene, an bayyana shi a wani labarin). Zai iya zama tsakanin-axle ko tsakanin-axle.

Daga cikin irin wannan ci gaban shine tsarin 4Matic, wanda ƙwararrun mashahuran motar Jamus Mercedes-Benz suka ƙirƙira. Bari mu yi la’akari da abin da ke tattare da wannan ci gaban, yadda ya bayyana da kuma wace irin na’urar da yake da ita.

Menene 4Matic duk-wheel drive system

Kamar yadda ya rigaya ya bayyana daga gabatarwa, 4Matic tsari ne na duka-dabaran, ma'ana, an rarraba karfin juzu'i daga sashin wuta zuwa duk ƙafafun don, gwargwadon yanayin hanyoyi, kowannensu ya zama jagora. Ba wai kawai SUVs masu cikakken ƙarfi suna da irin wannan tsarin ba (don ƙarin bayani kan wane irin mota ne, da kuma yadda ya bambanta da masu wucewa, karanta a nan), amma har da motoci, a ƙarƙashin murfin wanda aka shigar da injin ƙone ciki mai ƙarfi.

Sunan tsarin ya fito ne daga 4WD (watau 4-wheel drive) da kuma atomatikMATA (atomatik aiki na inji). Rarraba karfin juyi ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar lantarki, amma watsa wutar kanta ta nau'ikan inji ne, ba kwaikwaiyo na lantarki bane. A yau, daga duk irin waɗannan ci gaban, wannan tsarin ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan manyan fasahohi kuma an sanye su da saituna da yawa.

Yi la'akari da yadda wannan tsarin ya bayyana kuma ya ci gaba, sannan menene abin da ke ƙunshe cikin tsarinsa.

Tarihin halittar komai-da-kullun

Babban ra'ayin gabatar da duk wani abu mai taya a cikin motoci masu taya ba sabon abu bane. Mota ta farko mai tuka-tuka ita ce motar wasanni ta Dutch Dutch Spyker 60 / 80HP. A wancan lokacin, mota ce mai nauyi wacce ta sami kayan aiki masu kyau. Toari da watsa karfin juyi zuwa duk ƙafafun, a ƙarƙashin ƙuƙwalwar sa akwai layin mai-mai shida-silinda mai amfani da layin 1903, wanda ya kasance babban lamari. Tsarin taka birki ya jinkirta juyawar dukkan ƙafafun, kuma akwai kusan bambance-bambance uku a cikin watsawar, ɗayan yana tsakiya.

Bayan shekara guda kawai, an kirkiro duk wani layi na manyan motoci don bukatun sojojin Austriya, waɗanda Austro-Daimler ya gabatar. Wadannan samfurin daga baya anyi amfani dasu azaman tushe don motoci masu sulke. Kusa da farkon karni na ashirin, duk-dabaran ba zai iya ba kowa mamaki ba. Kuma Mercedes-Benz shima yana da hannu dumu-dumu cikin haɓakawa da haɓaka wannan tsarin.

Zamani na XNUMX

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don fitowar ingantattun canje-canje na hanyoyin sun kasance gabatar da sabon abu daga alama, wanda ya gudana a cikin tsarin shahararren motar motsa jiki na duniya a Frankfurt. Taron ya faru a cikin 1985. Amma ƙarni na farko na duk-dabaran motsa jiki daga mai kera motoci na Jamus ya shiga jerin shekaru biyu daga baya.

Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna zane wanda aka sanya a kan samfurin Mercedes-Benz W124 na 1984:

An sami toshewa mai wuya a banbanci na baya da na tsakiya (don cikakkun bayanai kan dalilin da yasa kuke buƙatar toshe bambancin, karanta daban). An kuma sanya bambancin keɓaɓɓiyar-rariya a gaban axle na gaba, amma ba a katange shi ba, tunda a cikin wannan yanayin abin sarrafa motar ya lalace.

Tsarin farko na 4Matic wanda aka kirkira ya kasance cikin jigilar karfin juzu'i ne kawai a yayin da aka juya babban aksali. Dakatar da ragowar taya-huɗu kuma yana da yanayin atomatik - da zarar an kunna tsarin taka birki na anti-kulle, kuma an kashe mara motsi huɗu.

A cikin wannan ci gaban, an sami halaye guda uku na aiki:

1. 100% na baya-dabaran drive. Duk karfin juyi yana tafiya zuwa baya axle, kuma ƙafafun gaban suna zama kawai swivel;
2. M karfin juzu'i watsa. Wheelsafafun gaban ana jujjuya su ne kawai. Rarraba runduna zuwa ƙafafun gaba shine kashi 35, kuma zuwa baya - kashi 65. A wannan yanayin, ƙafafun baya har yanzu sune manya, kuma na gaba suna taimakawa kawai don daidaita motar ko fita zuwa mafi sashin hanya;
3. Kashi 50 cikin dari na karfin juyi ya rabu A wannan yanayin, duk ƙafafun suna karɓar kashi ɗaya na ƙarfin juzu'i zuwa daidai gwargwado. Hakanan, wannan zaɓin ya ba shi damar musaki maɓallin keɓaɓɓen baya na baya.

Anyi amfani da wannan kwaskwarimar-ƙafafun-ƙafafu a cikin ƙirar motoci na ƙirar mota har zuwa 1997.

Zamani na XNUMX

Juyin Halitta na gaba na watsa duk-dabaran daga masana'antar Jamusawa ya fara bayyana a cikin samfuran nau'ikan E-aji - W210. Ba za a iya shigar da shi kawai a kan waɗancan motocin da aka yi aiki a kan hanyoyi tare da zirga-zirgar dama, sannan kawai a kan tsari. A matsayin aiki na asali, an sanya 4Matic a cikin W163 M-class SUVs. A wannan yanayin, motar-ƙafa huɗu ta kasance madawwami

Mukullai daban-daban sun sami algorithm daban. Ya zama kwaikwayo na makullin lantarki, wanda aka kunna ta ta hanyar karfin gogewa. Wannan tsarin ya jinkirta juyawar keken, saboda abin da aka sake rarraba karfin juzu'in zuwa wasu ƙafafun.

Farawa tare da wannan ƙarni na 4Matic, mai kera motoci ya yi watsi da mabuɗan maɓalli daban-daban. Wannan tsara ta wanzu a kasuwa har zuwa 2002.

III tsara

Zamani na 4 2002Matic ya bayyana a cikin XNUMX, kuma ya kasance a cikin waɗannan samfuran masu zuwa:

• C-aji W203;
• S-aji W220;
• E-Class W211.

Wannan tsarin ya karɓi nau'in lantarki na kula da makullin bambanci. Waɗannan hanyoyin, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙarni na baya, ba a toshe su da tabbaci ba. Canje-canje sun shafi algorithms don yin kwatankwacin rigakafin zamewar ƙafafun tuki. Wannan tsari ana sarrafa shi ta tsarin sarrafa tarko da tsarin kwanciyar hankali mai kuzari.

IV tsara

Zamani na uku ya wanzu a kasuwa tsawon shekaru huɗu, amma ba a kammala samar da shi ba. Kawai kawai mai siye zai iya zaɓar wane irin watsawa ne zai wadata motar da shi. A cikin 2006, tsarin 4Matic ya sami ƙarin haɓakawa. Ana iya riga gani a cikin jerin kayan aiki don S550. An maye gurbin bambancin cibiyar asymmetrical. Madadin haka, yanzu ana amfani da gearbox na duniya. Aikinsa ya samar da kaso 45/55 na rarraba tsakanin gaba / baya axles.

Hoton yana nuna zane na ƙarni na huɗu 4Matic duk-wheel drive, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin Mercedes-Benz S-Class:

1) gearbox shaft; 2) Bambanci tare da kayan duniya; 3) A gefen baya; 4) Kayan fita ta gefe; 5) Fitar cardan gefe; 6) murfin farfajiyar gaba; 7) Multi-farantin kama; 8) watsa atomatik.

Saboda gaskiyar cewa hanyoyin zamani na jigilar kayayyaki sun fara karɓar masu kula da lantarki da yawa, ikon sarrafa abubuwan ƙafafun tuki ya zama mai tasiri. Tsarin da kansa an sarrafa shi saboda alamun da ke fitowa daga firikwensin na'urori daban-daban waɗanda ke tabbatar da amincin aiki na inji. An ci gaba da samar da wutar daga motar ga dukkan ƙafafun.

Amfani da wannan ƙarni shine cewa yana samar da daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin ingantaccen abin hawa da ƙwarewa mai kyau yayin shawo kan ƙasa mara kyau. Duk da fa'idodin tsarin, bayan shekaru bakwai na samarwa, ci gabanta ya biyo baya.

V tsara

Zamani na biyar 4Matic ya bayyana farawa a cikin 2013, kuma ana iya samun sa a cikin waɗannan samfuran masu zuwa:

• CLA45 AMG;
• Farashin GL500.

Abubuwan da aka tsara na wannan ƙarni shine cewa an tsara shi ne don motocin da ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki (a wannan yanayin, watsawar zata juya ƙafafun gaba). Zamani ya shafi zane na masu aiwatarwa, gami da ka'idar rarraba abubuwa.

A wannan yanayin, motar motar gaba ce. Rarraba wutar zuwa duk ƙafafun yanzu ana iya kunna ta kunna yanayin da ya dace akan rukunin sarrafawa.

Yadda tsarin 4Matic yake aiki

Tsarin 4Matic system ya ƙunshi:

• Akwatin atomatik;
• Canjin yanayin canja wuri, wanda aka tsara shi don kasancewar gearbox na duniya (farawa daga ƙarni na huɗu, ana amfani dashi azaman madadin banbancin cibiyar asymmetric);
• Gudanar da Cardan (don cikakkun bayanai kan menene, da kuma inda ake amfani dashi a cikin motoci, karanta a cikin wani bita);
• Bambancin giciye na gaba (kyauta, ko mara hanawa);
• Nau'in bambancin igiyar baya-baya (shi ma kyauta ne).

Akwai gyare-gyare guda biyu na 4Matic duk-wheel drive. Na farko an yi shi ne don motocin fasinja, na biyu kuma an sanya shi a kan SUVs da ƙananan motoci. A kasuwa a yau, galibi akwai motocin da aka kera da ƙarni na uku na tsarin 4Matic. Dalilin shi ne cewa wannan ƙarni ya fi araha kuma yana da kyakkyawan daidaito na daidaito, aminci da inganci.

Wani abin da ya rinjayi shaharar wannan ƙarnin shine ƙaruwar ayyukan kerar kamfanin kera motoci na ƙasar Mercedes. Tun daga 2000, kamfanin ya yanke shawarar rage farashin kayayyakinsa, kuma, akasin haka, don haɓaka ƙirar samfuran. Godiya ga wannan, alamar ta sami ƙarin masoya kuma kalmar "Germanimar Jamusanci" ta sami tushe sosai a cikin tunanin masu motoci.

Fasali na tsarin 4Matic

Makamantan tsarin tsaran-dabaran suna aiki tare da watsawa ta hannu, amma 4Matic an shigar idan watsawar ta atomatik ce. Dalilin rashin daidaituwa da injiniyoyi shine cewa rarraba karfin juzu'i ba mai direba bane, kamar yadda yake a yawancin samfuran motoci masu motsi da ƙarni na ƙarshe, amma ta lantarki. Kasancewar watsawar atomatik a cikin jigilar mota shine maɓallin kewayawa wanda ke ƙayyade ko za a shigar da irin wannan tsarin a cikin motar ko a'a.

Kowace tsara tana da ƙa'idar aiki. Tunda farkon ƙarni biyu na farko suna da matukar wuya a kasuwa, za mu mai da hankali kan yadda ƙarni uku na ƙarshe ke aiki.

III tsara

Wannan nau'in PP an girka akan duka sedans da ƙananan SUVs. A cikin irin waɗannan matakan datti, ana rarraba ikon tsakanin maginan a cikin kashi 40 zuwa 60 cikin ɗari (ƙasa - zuwa gaban goshi). Idan motar ta kasance cikakkiyar SUV, to, karfin juzu'i yana rarraba ko'ina - kashi 50 bisa ɗari a kan kowane axle.

Idan aka yi amfani da shi a motocin kasuwanci ko sedan kasuwa, ƙafafun gaban za su yi aiki da kashi 45 kuma ƙafafun na baya za su yi aiki da kashi 55. An keɓance wani gyara na musamman don samfuran AMG - rabon akasarinsu shine 33/67.

Irin wannan tsarin ya kunshi bututun motsa jiki, akwatin sauyawa (yana mika karfin juyi zuwa tawayen baya), bambance-bambancen gicciye na gaba da na baya, da kuma madafunan axle biyu na baya. Babban inji a ciki shine batun canja wurin. Wannan na'urar tana gyara aikin gearbox (yana maye gurbin bambancin tsakiya). Ana yin watsa karfin juzu'i ta hanyar abin rana (ana amfani da giya daban-daban na diamita a gaba da na baya axle shafts).

IV tsara

Zamani na 4 45atic na huɗu yana amfani da bambancin silinda, wanda aka kulle ta hanyar rikodin diski biyu. Ana rarraba ƙarfi kashi 55/XNUMX (ƙari a baya). Lokacin da motar ta hanzarta kan kankara, kamawa tana kulle banbanci saboda duk ƙafafun guda huɗu sun shigo cikin wasa.

Lokacin wucewa mai kaifi, ana iya kiyaye zamewar kama. Wannan yana faruwa idan akwai bambanci tsakanin 45 Nm tsakanin bambancin dabaran. Wannan yana kawar da saurin lalacewar tayoyi masu nauyi. Don 4Matic aiki, ana amfani da tsarin 4ETS, ESP (don wane irin tsarin, karanta a nan) da ASR.

V tsara

Abubuwan da aka kera na ƙarni na biyar 4Matic shine cewa an kunna motsi mai ƙafa huɗu a ciki idan ya cancanta. Sauran motar ta kasance ta gaban-dabaran (haɗa PP). Godiya ga wannan, tuki na birni ko na yau da kullun zai kasance mafi tattalin arziƙi fiye da dindindin-dabaran tuƙi. Ana kunna axle ta atomatik lokacin da kayan lantarki ya gano zamewar ƙafa a kan babban aksarin.

Cire haɗin PP shima yana faruwa a yanayin atomatik. Abinda ke tattare da wannan gyaran shine cewa zuwa wani lokaci yana iya gyara matsayin motar ta hanyar haɓaka yankin ƙafafun ƙafafun tuƙi a cikin sasanninta har sai an kunna hanyoyin tsarin canjin canjin canjin.

Na'urar tsarin ta hada da wani naúrar sarrafawa, wanda aka girka a cikin zaɓi na mutum-mutumi (kama-kama iri biyu, wanda aka bayyana ma'anar aiki da shi) daban) gearbox. A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, tsarin yana kunna rarar karfin juzu'i 50%, amma a cikin gaggawa, lantarki yana daidaita saurin bayarwa daban:

• Motar tana hanzarta - adadin ya kai 60 zuwa 40;
• Motar tana bi ta cikin jerin juyawa - rabo ya kai 50 zuwa 50;
• Wheelsafafun gaba sun rasa raguwa - rabo daga 10 zuwa 90;
• Birki na gaggawa - ƙafafun gaba suna karɓar matsakaicin Nm.

ƙarshe

A yau, yawancin masu ababen hawa sun ji aƙalla tsarin 4Matic. Wasu sun iya gwada a kan gogewar su wasan kwaikwayon ƙarni da yawa na keken ƙafa daga sananniyar alamar mota ta duniya. Tsarin har yanzu bai sami babban gasa tsakanin irin waɗannan ci gaban ba, kodayake ba za a iya musanta cewa akwai ingantattun gyare -gyare da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙirar wasu masu kera motoci, misali, Quattro daga Audi ko xdrive daga BMW.

Abubuwan da suka fara faruwa na 4Matic an yi niyya ne kawai don ƙananan samfuran, sannan a matsayin zaɓi. Amma godiya ga amincin sa da ingancin sa, tsarin ya sami karbuwa kuma ya shahara. Wannan ya sa mai kera motar ya sake yin la’akari da yadda yake tunkarar kera motoci masu taya hudu tare da rabar da wutar lantarki ta atomatik.

Baya ga gaskiyar cewa 4Matic duk-wheel drive yana ba da sauƙi don shawo kan sassan hanya tare da wurare masu wuya da rashin ƙarfi, yana ba da ƙarin aminci a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Tare da tsarin aiki da aiki, direba na iya cikakken sarrafa abin hawa. Amma bai kamata ku dogara gaba ɗaya da wannan aikin ba, tunda ba zai iya shawo kan dokokin zahiri ba. Sabili da haka, a kowane hali kada ku manta da buƙatun farko na tukin lafiya: kiyaye nesa da saurin gudu, musamman kan titunan hawa.

A ƙarshe - ƙananan gwajin gwaji Mercedes w212 e350 tare da tsarin 4Matic:

Mafi ƙarancin ƙafafun ƙafa-ƙafa Mercedes w212 e350 4 matic

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Ta yaya 4 matic ke aiki? A cikin irin wannan watsawa, ana rarraba juzu'i zuwa kowane gatari na abin hawa, yana mai da shi jagora. Dangane da tsararraki (akwai 5 daga cikinsu), haɗin haɗin axis na biyu yana faruwa ta atomatik ko a yanayin aiki.

Menene ma'anar AMG? Gajartawar AMG tana nufin Aufrecht (sunan wanda ya kafa kamfanin), Melchner (sunan abokin tarayya) da Grossashpach (wurin haifuwar Aufrecht).