Menene ma'anar girman injin

Girman injin mota

Lokacin zabar sabuwar mota, mai siye yana mai da hankali kan sigogi daban-daban. Ɗayan su shine girman injin. Mutane da yawa kuskure yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne kawai factor cewa kayyade yadda iko mota zai zama. Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu gano abin da motsin injin yana nufi, da abin da sauran sigogin ya shafi.

Menene girman injin

Girman aikin injin ƙonewa na ciki shine adadin duk silinda masu inji. Masu motoci suna farawa daga wannan alamar lokacin da suke shirin siyan mota. Godiya ga wannan adadi, zaka iya tantance kilomitoci nawa mai mai zai ɗauka. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana amfani da wannan sigar don daidaita abin da mai motar zai biya. Menene ƙimar aiki kuma yaya ake lissafta shi?

Ƙarfin injin shine jimillar ƙarar dukkan silinda, ko ƙarar silinda ɗaya wanda aka ninka da lambar su.

Saboda haka, hudu-Silinda engine da Silinda gudun hijira na 500 cm³ yana da wani m girma na 2,0 lita. Duk da haka, injin 12-Silinda tare da ƙaura na 500cc zai sami ƙaura na lita 6,0, yana sa ya fi girma.

Me girman injin ke nufi

A cikin injunan konewa na ciki, makamashin zafin jiki yana canzawa zuwa makamashi na juyawa. Wannan tsari shine kamar haka.

Cakuda iska da mai sun shiga cikin dakin konewa ta hanyar bawul din shan ruwa. Walƙiya daga walƙiya ƙone mai. A sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri ƙaramin fashewa, wanda ke tura fistan zuwa ƙasa, don haka yana haifar da juyawa. crankshaft.

Yaya ƙarfin wannan fashewar zai kasance ya dogara da ƙaurawar injin. A cikin motocin da aka zaba na haƙiƙa, ƙarfin silinda shine maɓallin keɓaɓɓen ƙayyade ikon tashar jirgi. Motocin zamani suna sanye da ƙarin superchargers da tsarin don inganta ingancin injiniya. Saboda wannan, karfin ba ya karuwa daga yawan cakuda mai da ke shigowa, amma saboda karuwar ingancin aikin konewa, da kuma amfani da dukkan makamashin da aka saki.

Girman injin da ƙarfi

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ƙaramar ƙaurawar injin da ke cike da wuta ba ya nufin yana da ƙarfi. Misalin wannan shine ci gaban injiniyoyin Ford - tsarin EcoBoost. Anan akwai jadawalin kwatanta na karfin wasu nau'in injina:

Nau'in injin:	Umeara, lita	Arfi, karfin doki
Carburetor	1,6	75
Injector	1,5	140
Duratec, allura mai yawa	1,6	125
EcoBoost	1,0	125

Kamar yadda kake gani, ƙara ƙaura ba koyaushe ke nufin ƙarin ƙarfi ba. Tabbas, mafi rikitaccen tsarin allurar mai, mafi tsadar injin shine kiyayewa, amma irin wadannan injina zasu kasance masu karfin tattalin arziki kuma zasu hadu da ka'idojin muhalli.

Matsar da Injin - Yayi Bayani

Girman injin - motsin injin

Fasali na lissafi

Yaya aka kirga ƙimar aiki na injin ƙone ciki? Saboda wannan akwai tsari mai sauƙi: h (bugun fiston) ana ninka shi ta ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren silinda (yankin da'irar - 3,14 * r²). Bugun piston shine tsawo daga tsakiyar mataccensa zuwa saman.

Formula don ƙididdige girman injin

Yawancin injunan konewa na ciki da aka girka a cikin motoci suna da silinda da yawa, kuma duk girman su ɗaya ne, saboda haka dole ne a ninka wannan adadi ta yawan silinda. Sakamakon shine kawar da motar.

Adadin girma na silinda shine adadin yawan aikinsa da ƙarar ɗakin konewa. Abin da ya sa a cikin bayanin halaye na motar za a iya samun mai nuna alama: ƙarar motar ita ce lita 1,6, kuma ƙimar aiki ita ce 1594 cm³.

Kuna iya karanta game da yadda wannan alamar da yanayin matsi ke shafar mai nuna ƙarfi na injin ƙonewa na ciki. a nan.

Yadda ake tantance girman silinda na injin

Kamar ƙarar kowane akwati, ana lissafin ƙarar silinda gwargwadon girman raminta. Anan akwai sigogin da kuke buƙatar sani don ƙididdige wannan ƙimar:

• Tsawon rami;
• Radius na ciki na silinda;
• Yanayi (sai dai idan asalin silinda cikakke ne).

Da farko, ana lasafta yankin da'irar. Tsarin a wannan yanayin yana da sauƙi: S = P *R². П - darajar yau da kullun kuma tayi daidai da 3,14. R shine radius na da'irar a gindin silinda. Idan bayanan farko basu nuna radius ba, amma diamita ne, to yankin da'irar zai kasance kamar haka: S = P *D² kuma an raba sakamakon da 4.

Idan yana da wahala a samo bayanan farko na radius ko diamita, to ana iya yin lissafin yankin tushe da kansa, bayan an auna zagayen a baya. A wannan yanayin, yankin yana ƙaddara ta hanyar dabara: P²/ 4P.

Bayan an kirga wurin sashin silinda, sai a kirga girman silinda. Saboda wannan, an ninka tsayin akwatin akan kalkuleta ta S.

Yadda ake kara girman injin

Yadda ake ƙara girman injin

Ainihin, wannan tambayar ta taso ne ga masu motoci waɗanda ke son ƙara ƙarfin injin din. Yadda aka bayyana wannan aikin a cikin ingancin injin ƙone ciki dabam labarin... Matsar injin kai tsaye ya dogara da diamita na kewayen silinda. Kuma hanya ta farko da za'a canza halayen poweran wutar shine a haifa silinda zuwa babban diamita.

Zaɓi na biyu, wanda zai taimaka ƙara addarfin ƙarfi a cikin motar, shine shigar da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa wanda ba shi da daidaito ga wannan naúrar. Ta hanyar kara amplitude na juyawar crank, zaka iya canza ƙaura na motar.

Lokacin kunna, yana da daraja la'akari da cewa ƙaruwa cikin ƙara ba koyaushe yake nufin ƙarin ƙarfi ba. Amma tare da irin wannan haɓakawa, mai motar zai buƙaci siyan wasu ɓangarorin. A cikin lamarin na farko, waɗannan zasu zama piston tare da babban diamita, kuma a cikin na biyu, dukkanin ƙungiyar piston tare da crankshaft.

Rarraba abin hawa bisa ga ƙaurawar injin

Tunda babu abin hawa da zai biya bukatun duk masu motoci, masana'antun suna ƙirƙirar motoci masu halaye daban-daban. Kowa, gwargwadon abubuwan da yake so, ya zaɓi wani kwaskwarima.

Ta hanyar sauyawar injin, duk motoci sun kasu kashi huɗu:

• Minicar - motoci tare da mota, wanda yawan su bai wuce lita 1,1 ba. Misali, a tsakanin irin wadannan motocin CITROEN C1 и KYAU 500C.

Ƙananan motoci - girman injin

• Carsananan motoci - motoci, ƙarar injin konewa na ciki wanda ya bambanta daga lita 1,2 zuwa 1,7. Irin waɗannan injunan suna da mashahuri tsakanin waɗanda ke darajar ƙimar amfani mafi ƙarancin aiki tare da matsakaita aiki. Wakilan wannan aji sune DAIHATSU COPEN 2002-2012 и LEMON BERLINGO VAN.

Subcompact - girman injin

• Matsakaici-sized - unitarfin wuta a cikin irin waɗannan motocin yana da ƙimar 1,8 zuwa lita 3,5. Wannan aji ya hada da samfura kamar su BUICK REGAL TOURX и RASAR RANGAN RANGAN ROVER EVOQUE.

Matsakaici-matsawa - girman injin

• Babban - a cikin waɗannan motocin ƙarar injin ƙonewa na ciki zai fi lita 3,5. Daga cikin wakilan wannan aji: ASTON Martin VANQUISH VOLANTE 2013, CAMARO CAMARO 2018 и BENTLEY CONTINENTAL GT KYAUTA.

Babban ƙaura Aston Martin

Wannan rabe-raben ya shafi rukunin mai. Sau da yawa a cikin bayanin halaye, zaku iya samun alama daban daban:

• B - ƙananan motoci tare da ƙaura na 1,0 - 1,6. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan kasafin kuɗi ne, kamar su SKODA FABIA.

Girman injin Skoda Fabia

• C - wannan rukunin ya haɗa da samfuran da suka haɗu da farashi mai kyau, aiki mai kyau, aiki mai amfani da kuma bayyanar da za a iya yi. Motororin da ke cikin su za su kasance daga lita 1,4 zuwa 2,0. Wakilin wannan aji shine SKODA OCTAVIA 4.

category C - girman injin Skoda

• D - galibi irin wadannan motoci 'yan kasuwa da iyalai ne ke amfani da su. A cikin motoci, injin zai kasance 1,6-2,5 lita. Jerin samfuran a cikin wannan ajin bai fi guntu ba fiye da na baya. Daya daga cikin wadannan motocin shine Farashin VOLKSWAGEN PASSAT.

Category D - Girman Injin VolksWagen

• E - motocin kasuwanci. Injin ƙonewa na ciki a cikin irin waɗannan samfuran galibi yana tare da ƙimar 2,0 lita. kuma mafi. Misalin irin wadannan motoci shine AUDI A6 2019.

Category E - Girman injin Audi

Baya ga ƙaura, wannan rarrabuwa yana la'akari da irin waɗannan sigogi kamar ɓangaren manufa (ƙirar kasafin kuɗi, matsakaicin farashi ko ƙima), girman jiki, kayan aikin tsarin ta'aziyya. Wasu lokuta masana'antun suna ba motocin matsakaita da babba kayan aiki tare da ƙananan injina, don haka ba za a iya cewa alamun da aka gabatar suna da iyakoki masu tsauri ba.

Lokacin da samfurin mota ya tsaya tsakanin sassan (misali, gwargwadon halayenta na fasaha, aji ne na C, kuma tsarin ta'aziyya yana ba da damar sanya motar a matsayin ta E), ana ƙara "+" a cikin wasiƙar.

Baya ga rarrabuwa da aka ambata, akwai sauran alamun:

• J - SUVs da masu wucewa;
• M - ƙananan motoci da ƙananan motoci;
• S - samfurin motar motsa jiki.

Motar irin waɗannan motocin na iya zama daban daban.

Menene ya shafi girman injin?

Da farko, ƙarar silinda yana rinjayar amfani da man fetur (don rage wannan siga, ana amfani da tsarin daban-daban a cikin injunan volumetric, alal misali, allurar kai tsaye, turbocharging, da sauransu). Yawan man fetur da ke ƙonewa, yawancin makamashi za a saki a kowane bugun jini na wutar lantarki. Sakamakon wannan sakamako shine karuwa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan injin konewa na ciki na ƙarami.

Amma ko da injin yana amfani da ƙarin tsarin da ke rage "citsi" na injin, a cikin injin konewa irin wannan na ciki tare da ƙarar ƙara, yawan man fetur zai kasance mafi girma. Alal misali, amfani da man fetur a cikin injin lita 1.5 a yanayin tuki na birni zai kasance kusan lita 9 a kowace kilomita 100 (wannan ya dogara da girman motar, nauyinta da tsarin da yake amfani da shi). Idan ka ƙara ƙarar wannan inji kawai 0.5 lita, a cikin wannan yanayin "voracity" zai kasance game da 12 lita da ɗari.

Amma a gefe guda, mota mai ƙarfi yana ba ku damar motsawa da sauri, wanda ya rage lokacin aiki a cikin yanayin rashin tattalin arziki. Bugu da ƙari, ka'idar "ƙarin wutar lantarki yana buƙatar ƙarin girma" kawai yana aiki ga motocin fasinja. Game da manyan motoci, ba koyaushe ba ne ƙara girman injin zai haifar da haɓakar dawakai. dalili shi ne cewa maɓalli na maɓalli na injin konewa na ciki na jigilar jigilar kaya yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin saurin crankshaft daban-daban.

Girman injin da ƙarfi, amfani da mai,

Alal misali, tarakta KamAZ 54115 sanye take da wani 10.85 lita ikon naúrar (wasu kananan motoci sanye take da wani engine, da girma na wanda yayi daidai da girma na daya Silinda a KamAZ). Amma ikon wannan naúrar shine kawai dawakai 240. A kwatanta da uku-lita engine BMW X5 tasowa 218 horsepower.

A cikin motocin fasinja, ƙarar injunan konewa na ciki kai tsaye yana shafar yanayin zirga-zirga, musamman a ƙananan gudu da matsakaitan crankshaft. Amma wannan siga yana shafar ba kawai ta hanyar motsi na injin ba, har ma ta hanyar shimfidawa (wanda injin crank ko camshaft ya cancanci).

Mafi girman girman injin ɗin, mafi ƙarfin watsawar motar, chassis da dakatarwa ya kamata ya kasance, saboda waɗannan tsarin za su riga sun sami babban nauyi. Farashin irin waɗannan sassa ya fi girma, don haka farashin motar da injin mafi girma shima ya fi girma.

Yi la'akari da alakar da ke tsakanin girma da amfani da man fetur, karfin juyi da albarkatun inji.

Girman inji da amfani da mai

A hankali, yawan cakuda iska / man da ke shiga cikin silinda a kan bugun jini, za a sami ƙarin ƙarfin yayin da injin ke aiki. Hakika, wannan kai tsaye proportionally rinjayar da "voracity" na engine. Amma wannan wani bangare ne kawai. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da tsofaffin injin. Alal misali, aikin injin konewa na cikin gida na carbureted ya dogara ne kawai akan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi (girman nau'in nau'in abinci, girman ɗakunan da ke cikin carburetor, girman ramuka a cikin jets, da sauransu suna da mahimmanci).

Da ƙyar direban ya danna fedal ɗin iskar gas, haka zai yi amfani da man fetur. Gaskiya ne, idan injin carburetor yana aiki akan iskar gas (HBO ƙarni na biyu), wannan kuma baya aiki, tunda iskar ta shiga cikin carburetor a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, wanda aka daidaita lokacin saita akwatin gear. A wannan yanayin, magudanar ruwa koyaushe yana cikin ƙarar guda ɗaya. Don haka, idan motar ta yi sauri, ba za ta ƙara ƙonewa ba.

Tare da ƙaddamar da fasahar zamani, injin lita biyu na zamani na zamani na iya samun raguwar amfani sosai idan aka kwatanta da ƙaramin injin konewa na ciki da aka samar a ƙarni na baya. Tabbas, ƙarar da ta fi girma har yanzu tana da mahimmanci ga amfani, amma yanzu "voracity" na naúrar ya dogara ba kawai akan wannan factor ba.

Misalin wannan shine nau'in injin guda ɗaya tare da bawuloli 8 da 16. Tare da ƙarar silinda iri ɗaya, bawul-bawul 16 zai kasance mafi ƙarfi da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Dalili kuwa shi ne tsarin samar da sabon cakuda mai da iska da kuma cire iskar gas a cikinsa ya fi kyau.

Amma idan muka kwatanta carburetor 16-bawul ICE da allura analog, na biyu zai zama ma fi karfi da kuma tattalin arziki saboda da m rabo daga fetur ga kowane ci bugun jini. Ayyukan nozzles ana sarrafa su ta hanyar lantarki, kuma ba kawai ta hanyar kimiyyar lissafi ba, kamar yadda yake tare da carburetor.

Kuma a lokacin da engine amfani da wani lokaci shifter, finely tune man fetur tsarin, ignitions da sauran tsarin, da mota ba kawai zai zama mafi m, amma kuma za ta cinye ƙasa da man fetur, kuma a lokaci guda za su bi ka'idodin muhalli.

An bayyana ƙarin bayani game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin amfani da ƙarar injunan ƙone ciki a cikin bidiyon:

Yaya alaƙar amfani da mai da ƙaurawar injiniya?

Matsar da injina da karfin injin

Wani siga da ƙarar ƙara ya shafa shine juzu'i. Ana iya samun babban ƙarfi ta hanyar jujjuya ƙugiya a cikin ƙaramin mota saboda injin turbin (injin EcoBoost na Ford misali ne). Amma ƙarami ƙarar silinda, ƙarancin tura shi zai haɓaka a ƙananan gudu.

Misali, idan aka kwatanta da haɓakar eco-lita ɗaya, rukunin dizal mai lita 2.0 zai sami ƙarancin ƙarfi sosai, amma a XNUMX rpm zai sami ƙarin haɓakawa.

Don haka ƙananan injuna sun fi dacewa akan motocin golf saboda suna da sauƙi. Amma ga manyan sedans, minivans ko pickups, irin waɗannan raka'a ba su dace ba, saboda suna da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi a ƙananan gudu da matsakaici, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga manyan motoci.

Girman inji da albarkatun

Kuma wani siga wanda kai tsaye ya dogara da girman silinda shine rayuwar aiki na rukunin wutar lantarki. Lokacin kwatanta injuna da ƙarar lita 1.3 da 2.0 tare da ƙarfin 130 dawakai, a bayyane yake cewa don cimma burin da ake so, injin konewa na cikin gida na 1.3-lita yana buƙatar ƙara (ko shigar da injin turbin). Injin da ya fi girma zai jure wa wannan aikin cikin sauƙi.

Girman injin da rayuwar injin

Mafi sau da yawa direba zai "matsi ruwan 'ya'yan itace" daga cikin motar, ƙarancin naúrar zai šauki. A saboda wannan dalili, injunan konewa na ciki na zamani tare da ƙarancin amfani da man fetur da mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarar su suna da maɓalli mai mahimmanci - ƙarancin rayuwar aiki. Duk da haka, yawancin masu kera motoci suna ci gaba da haɓaka ƙananan injunan konewa na ciki. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin wannan don faranta wa kamfanoni da ke sa ido kan bin ka'idojin muhalli.

Ribobi da fursunoni na ICE tare da girma da ƙarami

Yawancin masu ababen hawa, suna zabar sabuwar mota, suna jagorantar ba kawai ta hanyar ƙirar motar da kayan aikinta ba, har ma da girman injin. Wani ba ya sanya hankali sosai a cikin wannan siga - lamba yana da mahimmanci a gare su, misali, 3.0. Wasu sun fahimci ƙarar ƙarar da ya kamata ya kasance a cikin injin motar su, da kuma dalilin da yasa yake.

Lokacin yanke shawara akan wannan siga, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa duka ƙananan motoci da motoci tare da injin konewa na cikin gida suna da ƙari da abubuwan cirewa. Don haka, girman girman silinda, mafi girman ƙarfin naúrar. Wannan yana ƙara ƙwaƙƙwaran motar, wanda ba za a iya jayayya ba, a farkon farawa da kuma lokacin da ya wuce. Lokacin da irin wannan motar ta motsa a cikin birni, na'urar wutar lantarki ba ta buƙatar kullun don fara motsi lokacin da hasken wuta ya zama kore. Hakanan a cikin irin wannan motar, zaku iya kunna na'urar sanyaya iska ba tare da wani lahani ga saurin aiki ba.

Motoci masu ƙarfi suna da tsawon rayuwar aiki idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu masu ƙaramin ƙarfi. Dalili kuwa shi ne cewa da kyar direban ke kawo naúrar zuwa iyakar gudu (akwai ƴan wuraren da za a iya amfani da cikakken ƙarfin injin konewa na ciki). Ƙananan mota, akasin haka, sau da yawa yana aiki a cikin sauri mafi girma, misali, a farkon ko lokacin canzawa zuwa kayan aiki na gaba. Domin ƙananan injunan konewa na ciki don samun damar samar da mota mai inganci, masana'antun suna ba su kayan aikin turbocharger, wanda ke ƙara rage rayuwarsu ta aiki.

Duk da haka, manyan motoci ba kawai tsada fiye da daidaitattun raka'a ba. Wani illar irin wadannan injunan kone-kone na cikin gida shi ne yadda ake yawan amfani da mai da kuma maganin daskare, sannan gyaran su da gyaran su ma ya fi tsada. Lokacin siyan mota mai babban injin, mai mota zai biya ƙarin harajin sufuri, kuma lokacin neman inshora, adadin gudummawar shima yana daidai da ƙarar sashin.

Don haka, kafin zaɓar naúrar da ta fi ƙarfin, kuna buƙatar la'akari da cewa a duk lokacin da yake aiki, direban mota zai iya kashe kuɗi da yawa fiye da mai ƙaramin injin konewa na ciki, wanda ya riga ya kashe kuɗi don babban gyara. na motar.

Fa'idodi na ƙananan injunan konewa na ciki:

• mai rahusa mai rahusa da kuma kula da sauran sassan, misali, kwalaye da shasi;
• amfani da arzikin mai;
• sigar turbocharged ta haɗu da babban aiki tare da ƙananan lodi da ƙaramin aiki.

Babban motsin injin - ribobi da fursunoni

Rashin dacewar injina tare da karamin kaura:

• rauni ƙarfi, saboda abin da motar ke da ƙarancin ɗaukar nauyi;
• rashin isasshen kuzari;
• ƙananan injina saboda yawan tuki da sauri;
• sigar turbocharged tana da tsada sosai don kulawa.

Fa'idodi na injunan ƙaura masu kyau:

• iko ya fi na takwarorinsa na tattalin arziki;
• resourceara albarkatu (injin yana aiki a mafi saurin gudu sau da yawa, don haka zai daɗe);
• kyakkyawan yanayi (don yin aiki sau da yawa sau da yawa kana buƙatar canzawa zuwa ƙananan gudu);
• dumama cikin sauri a lokacin sanyi;
• sauyin yanayi ba son rai ba ne don ingancin mai.

Rashin fa'idodi na rukunin karfin wuta:

• kiyayewa ya fi tsada fiye da yanayin analog na tattalin arziki (kuna buƙatar cika ƙarin mai da mai sanyaya, shigar da akwati mafi kyau, dakatarwa da birki);
• babban haraji akan sake yin rajista (sayayya a cikin kasuwa ta biyu) da kuma izinin kwastan;
• karin mai.

Kamar yadda kake gani, ƙarar injin yana da alaƙa da ƙarin ɓarnar, duk a cikin yanayin ƙananan motoci da kuma sauran takwarorinsu "masu cin abinci". Dangane da wannan, yayin zaɓar gyaran mota dangane da ƙaura, dole ne kowane mai mota ya ci gaba daga yanayin da motar za ta yi aiki da shi.

Ga waɗanne sigogi don zaɓar mota - duba wannan bidiyon:

Yadda za a zabi mota, wane injin ne mafi kyau?

Siffofin aiki na manyan motoci

Idan aka kwatanta da motoci tare da babba da ƙaramin ƙaura na rukunin wutar lantarki, sannan manyan injuna masu jujjuyawa suna tafiya da sauƙi, haka kuma ba sa shan wahala daga nau'in suturar da ke da alaƙa ga ƙananan injuna masu turbocharged. Dalili shi ne, irin wannan na’urar wutar lantarki ba ta buƙatar zuwa mafi girman gudu don samun ƙarfin da ake buƙata.

Irin wannan rukunin wutar lantarki yana samun mafi girman nauyi kawai lokacin da abin hawa ya shiga cikin wasannin motsa jiki, misali, yawo (don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da wannan jagorar motar, karanta a cikin wani bita). Kuna iya karantawa game da wasu wasannin wasanni tare da halartar manyan motoci a nan.

Lokacin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada, akwai ajiyar wuta a cikinta, wanda koyaushe ba a amfani da shi idan akwai gaggawa. Tabbas, "gefen duhu" na babban injin ƙaura shine yawan amfani da mai. Koyaya, don amfani da mai na tattalin arziƙi, zaku iya amfani da madaidaicin watsawa idan motar tana da irin wannan watsawa, ko zaɓi madaidaicin yanayin dangane da robot ko injin atomatik. A cikin bita na daban mun rufe shawarwari shida don amfani da makanikai.

Duk da yawan amfani, injin, wanda baya amfani da cikakken ƙarfin sa, yana kula da kilomita miliyan ko fiye ba tare da babban gyara ba. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan injuna, wannan tsararren farashi mai kyau - ya isa a aiwatar da gyara akan motar cikin dacewa.

Me yasa ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar zamani ba ta daura da ƙaurawar injin

A baya, lokacin zabar ƙirar mota, ana iya jagorantar mutum ta faifan suna, wanda yakamata a mai da hankali akai, saboda wannan farantin yana nuna ƙaurawar injin. Misali, jerin BMW na biyar tare da naúrar wutar lantarki ta lita 3.5 an riga an sanya su a kan alamar suna tare da alamar 535. Amma bayan lokaci, masu kera motoci da yawa sun fara ba da samfuran su tare da raka'a turbocharged domin ƙara ƙarfin sashin. , amma wannan fasaha ta rage yawan amfani da mai, kuma, ba shakka, rage ƙarar silinda. A wannan yanayin, rubutun da ke kan farantin ba ya canzawa.

Misalin wannan shine sanannen Mercedes-Benz 63 AMG. Da farko, a ƙarƙashin murfin wannan motar akwai 6.2-lita na dabi'a mai ɗorewa. Amma mai sarrafa kansa ya daɗe da maye gurbin wannan injin tare da lita 5.5, injin turba na cikin gida (don yadda irin tsarin TwinTurbo yake aiki, karanta a nan). Koyaya, mai kera motoci baya canza alamar sunan 63AMG don mafi dacewa.

Shigar da turbocharger yana ba ku damar daɗa haɓaka ƙarfin injin da ake nema, koda kuwa kun rage girman sa. Ecoboost fasaha shine misalin wannan. Yayin da injin da ake nema mai lita 1.6 zai sami ƙarfin doki 115 (yadda ake lissafa su, da abin da yake, an gaya masa a wani labarin), haɓaka muhalli na lita ɗaya zai haɓaka har zuwa doki 125, amma amfani da ƙarancin mai.

Na biyu da na injunan turbo shine cewa ana samun matsakaita da matsakaicin ƙarfi da ƙarfi a cikin ragin ƙasa fiye da injunan da ake buƙata, waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin juzu'i don ƙarfin ƙarfin da ake buƙata.

Menene ma'anar girman injin a cikin mota - 1,2 lita, 1,4 lita, 1,6 lita, da dai sauransu?

Alama tare da lambobi iri ɗaya yana nuna jimillar ƙarar duk silinda na injin. Wannan ba shine jimillar adadin man da injin konewa na ciki ke buƙata a kowane zagaye ba. Lokacin da piston ya kasance a ƙasa mataccen cibiyar a kan bugun jini, yawancin ƙarar silinda yana cike da iska da man da aka lalata a cikinsa.

Ingancin cakuda iska da man fetur ya dogara da nau'in tsarin mai (carburetor ko ɗaya daga cikin gyare-gyaren injector). Domin ingantacciyar konewar mai, kilogiram na man fetur yana buƙatar kimanin kilogiram 14 na iska. Don haka, a cikin silinda ɗaya, kawai 1/14 na ƙarar zai ƙunshi tururin mai.

Don ƙayyade girman silinda ɗaya, kuna buƙatar jimlar girma, alal misali, lita 1.3 (ko 1300 cubic centimeters), raba ta adadin cylinders. Har ila yau, akwai irin wannan abu kamar girman aikin motar. Wannan shine ƙarar da ta dace da tsayin motsin piston a cikin silinda.

Matsar da injin koyaushe yana ƙasa da jimlar ƙara, tunda bai haɗa da ma'aunin ɗakin konewa ba. Sabili da haka, a cikin takaddun fasaha kusa da ƙarar motar akwai lambobi daban-daban guda biyu.

Bambanci tsakanin ƙarar man fetur da injin dizal

Man fetur da dizal ana samun su ne daga man fetur, amma yadda ake yin su da yadda ake amfani da su a injin mota sun sha bamban, don haka kada ka taba cika motarka da man da bai dace ba. Diesel ya fi karfin makamashi fiye da mai a kowace lita, kuma bambance-bambancen yadda injinan diesel ke aiki ya sa su fi takwarorinsu na mai.

Injin dizal mai girman girman injin mai zai kasance mafi tsada koyaushe. Wannan zai iya sauƙaƙa zaɓi tsakanin su biyun, amma abin takaici ba haka bane, saboda dalilai da yawa. Da fari daiMotocin dizal sun fi tsada, don haka sau da yawa kuna buƙatar zama babban direba don ganin fa'idodin tanadi akan farashi mai girma. Sauran Wani dalili kuma shi ne cewa motocin diesel suna buƙatar tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun don kasancewa cikin yanayi mai kyau, don haka idan kuna buƙatar mota don tuƙin birni kawai, dizal ɗin bazai zama hanyar tafiya ba. Dalili na uku Dizel din yana samar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi, kamar su nitrous oxide, wanda ya fi shafar ingancin iska. 

Diesel man fetur ne mai kyau don dogon tafiye-tafiye a ƙananan revs, kamar tafiye-tafiye na babbar hanya. 

Gasoline, a gefe guda, ya fi kyau ga ƙananan motoci kuma yana kula da ya fi shahara a cikin hatchbacks da superminis. 

Bidiyo akan batun

Wannan gajeren bidiyo yayi magana game da fasalulluka na injuna tare da babban girma:

Me yasa kuke buƙatar injin BIG?

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene ƙarar injin ke nufin lita 2. Jimlar ƙarar injin yana nufin jimlar masu nuna jimlar adadin dukkan silinda. Ana nuna wannan siginar a cikin lita. Amma ƙimar aiki na duk silinda ya ɗan rage kaɗan, tunda kawai yana la'akari da ramin da piston yake motsawa. Ana auna wannan siginar a ma'aunin cubic santimita. Misali, tare da ƙimar aiki na injin konewa na ciki na santimita cubic na 1992, an rarrabe shi azaman raka'a lita biyu.

Canjin injin wanda yafi kyau. Ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da naúrar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi. Kodayake rukunin turbocharged tare da ƙaramin ƙarar na iya samun ƙarin ƙarfi fiye da makaman da ake so, amma yana da gajeriyar hanya saboda manyan kaya. Injin ƙonawa na cikin wuta ba a fallasa shi da nauyin ba, tunda direban baya aiki da shi cikin sauri. A wannan yanayin, ba shakka, za ku kashe ƙarin kuɗi akan mai. Amma idan direba baya yawan tuƙi, wannan ba zai zama babban ɓata cikin shekara guda ba. Idan akwai watsawa ta atomatik a cikin motar, to kuna buƙatar ɗaukar mota tare da injin ƙwallon ƙafa, tunda atomatik ɗin baya juya injin konewa na ciki zuwa babban juyi lokacin juyawa zuwa mafi girma. Don ƙaramin mota, watsawa da hannu ya fi kyau.

Yadda ake auna ƙaurawar injin.  Wannan zai taimaka bayanan fasaha game da motar. Idan takamaiman mota ba ta da littafin sabis, neman bayani ta lambar VIN zai taimaka. Amma lokacin maye gurbin motar, wannan bayanin zai riga ya bambanta. Don bincika wannan bayanan, yakamata ku nemi lambar ICE da kowane alamunta. Ana buƙatar buƙatar waɗannan bayanan lokacin gyara naúrar. Don ƙayyade ƙarar, yakamata ku san radius na da'irar silinda da tsayin bugun piston (daga saman matattu zuwa BDC). Girman silinda daidai yake da murabba'in radius wanda aka ninka ta girman bugun aiki na piston da kuma lambar pi na yau da kullun. Tsayin da radius dole ne a kayyade su cikin santimita. A wannan yanayin, girman zai zama cm³.