Abin da za a zaba: mutum-mutumi ko mai bambanci

Mai bambance-bambancen da kuma mutum-mutumi sabon abu ne kuma ingantaccen ci gaba ne a fannin watsa shirye-shiryen atomatik. Isaya nau'in bindigar inji ne, ɗayan makaniki ne. Menene mafi kyawun bambance-bambancen karatu ko mutum-mutumi? Bari muyi kwatancen kwatancen watsa duka, mu tantance fa'idodi da rashin amfanin su, kuma muyi zabi mai kyau.

Duk game da na'urar mai bambance-bambancen

Bambanci nau'in watsawa ne ta atomatik. An tsara shi don sauƙaƙe sauya karfin juyi daga injin zuwa ƙafafun kuma ci gaba da sauya yanayin gear a cikin tsayayyen kewayo.

Sau da yawa a cikin takaddun fasaha don motar, ana iya samun taƙaitaccen CVT a matsayin zane don gearbox. Wannan shine mai bambance-bambancen, fassara daga Ingilishi - "watsawa mai saurin canzawa game da gear" (Ci gaba da Canza Musanya).

Babban aikin mai bambance-bambancen shine samar da sauyi mai sauki a cikin karfin juyi daga injin, wanda ke sa saurin motar ya zama santsi, ba tare da jerks da dips ba. Ana amfani da ikon inji zuwa matsakaici kuma ana amfani da mai zuwa mafi ƙarancin.

Gudanar da mai bambance-bambancen kusan iri ɗaya yake da sarrafa sarrafawar atomatik, ban da sauyin juzu'i mara ƙarfi.

A takaice game da nau'ikan CVT

1. Bambancin V-bel. Ya sami mafi girma rarraba. Wannan bambance-bambancen ya kunshi bel da aka shimfida tsakanin abubuwa biyu na zamiya. Ka'idar aiki ta bambance-bambancen V-bel ta ƙunshi canji mai sauƙi a cikin yanayin gear saboda canjin aiki tare a cikin radii masu tuntuɓar pulleys da V-bel.
2. Sarkar mai bambanci Kadan gama gari. Anan, rawar bel ɗin tana amfani da sarkar, wanda ke watsa ƙarfin ja, ba ƙarfin turawa ba.
3. Bambancin toroidal. Sigar watsawa, wanda ya kunshi fayafai da rollers, shima ya cancanci kulawa. Canja wurin juzu'i a nan ana aiwatar dashi ne saboda ricarfin gogewar rollers tsakanin faya-fayan, kuma ana canza yanayin gear ta hanyar matsar da rollers dangane da layin a tsaye.

Ofangarorin gearbox mai banbanci suna da tsada kuma ba za'a iya samunsu ba, kuma gearbox ɗin kansa ba zai zama mai arha ba, kuma matsaloli na iya tashi tare da gyara shi. Zaɓin da ya fi tsada zai zama akwatin toroidal, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da kuma daidaitaccen aikin inji.

Fa'idodi da rashin fa'idar gearbox

Dukkanin bangarori masu kyau da marasa kyau na mai bambancin an riga an ambata a cikin rubutu. Don tsabta, muna gabatar dasu a tebur.

Amfanin	shortcomings
1. M motsin motsi, stepless hanzari	1. Tsadar kwalin da gyaranta, kayan masarufi masu tsada da mai
2. Adana mai ta amfani da cikakken karfin injin	2. Rashin dacewa ga manyan lodi da yanayin hanya mai nauyi
3. Sauƙi da ƙananan nauyin kwalin idan aka kwatanta da watsa ta atomatik ta gargajiya	3. "Tasirin tunani" lokacin canza kayan aiki (kodayake, idan aka kwatantashi da mutum-mutumi, mai bambance-bambancen "ya rage gudu" kasa)
4. Ikon tuki a iyakar karfin karfin injina	4. untatawa kan sanyawa akan ababen hawa masu injina masu ƙarfi

Don hana na'urar daga saukar da direba yayin aiki, dole ne a kiyaye sharuɗɗa masu zuwa:

• saka idanu kan matakin mai a cikin watsawa da sauya shi a kan lokaci;
• kar a loda akwatin yayin lokacin sanyi a farkon motsi, lokacin jan mota da kuma yayin tuƙi-kan hanya;
• duba lokaci mai haɗa mahaɗa da wayoyi don hutu;
• saka idanu akan aikin firikwensin: rashin sigina daga ɗayansu na iya haifar da aikin akwatin ba daidai ba.

CVT sabon tsari ne wanda har yanzu ba'a inganta shi ba wanda yake da matsaloli da yawa. Duk da wannan, masu haɓakawa da masu zane-zane suna hango kyakkyawar makoma a gare ta. CVT shine mafi sauƙi nau'in watsawa duka dangane da ƙirar fasaha da ƙa'idar aiki.

Duk da fa'idodi da ke bayyane waɗanda ke ba da tattalin arziƙin mai da jin daɗin motsa jiki, ba safai ake amfani da CVT ba a yau kuma, galibi, a cikin motocin fasinja ko babura. Bari mu ga yadda abubuwa suke tare da mutum-mutumi.

Kayan aiki na Robotic

Kayan aiki na Robotic (da robot) - watsawa ta hannu, wanda ayyukan juyawar gear da ikon kamawa ke sarrafa kansa. Wannan gudummawar ana yin ta ta hanyar tuki guda biyu, ɗayan ɗayan ke da alhakin sarrafa kayan aikin gearshift, na biyu don tsundumawa da cirewa daga kamawar.

An kirkiro mutum-mutumi don hada fa'idodi ta hanyar turawa da injin atomatik. Yana haɗuwa da motsa jiki (daga inji), da aminci da tattalin arzikin mai (daga makaniki).

Na'urar da ka'idar aikin mutum-mutumi

Babban abubuwan da ke sanya gearbox na robotic sune:

• Watsawar Manual;
• kamawa da kamawa;
• motsa motsi;
• Toshewar sarrafawa

Ka'idar aikin mutum-mutumi kusan bai bambanta da aikin injiniyoyi na al'ada ba. Bambancin yana cikin tsarin sarrafawa. Ana yin wannan a cikin mutum-mutumi ta injunan hydraulic da na lantarki. Abubuwan haɗin lantarki suna ba da saurin sauyawa, amma suna buƙatar ƙarin albarkatu. A cikin direbobin lantarki, akasin haka, farashin suna da ƙarancin, amma a lokaci guda jinkirta cikin ayyukansu zai yiwu.

Jigilar mutum-mutumi na iya aiki a yanayi biyu: atomatik da rabin-atomatik. A cikin yanayin atomatik, sarrafa lantarki yana ƙirƙirar takamaiman tsari don sarrafa akwatin. Tsarin yana dogara ne akan sigina daga firikwensin shigar da bayanai. A cikin yanayin rabin atomatik (na hannu), ana sauya giya ta hanyar amfani da maɓallin motsawa A wasu kafofin, ana kiran watsawar mutum-mutumi “gearbox na bi da bi” (daga tsarin latin na Latin - jerin).

Robot fa'ida da rashin amfani

Gearbox na robotic ya ƙunshi dukkan fa'idodi na injin atomatik da injiniyoyi. Koyaya, ba za a iya cewa ba shi da fa'ida ba. Wadannan rashin amfani sun hada da:

1. Matsaloli tare da karban direba zuwa wurin bincike da rashin tabbas game da halayyar mutum-mutumi a cikin mawuyacin yanayin hanya.
2. Rashin tuƙin birni mara daɗi (farawa farat ɗaya, jerks da jerks lokacin canza kayan aiki suna sa direba cikin tashin hankali).
3. Shima yin zafi fiye da kima yana iya yiwuwa (don kaucewa dumama yanayin kamawa, ya zama dole a kunna yanayin "tsaka tsaki" a tashoshi, wanda, a kansa, shima yana da gajiya).
4. "Tasirin tunani" lokacin sauya motsi (af, CVT yana da rago ɗaya). Wannan ba kawai yana bata direba rai ba, amma kuma yana haifar da yanayi mai hadari yayin wucewa.
5. Rashin yiwuwar jan kaya, wanda shima yana tattare a mahallin.
6. Abilityarfin mirgina motar baya a kan karkata mai tsayi (wannan ba zai yiwu ba tare da mai bambantawa).

Daga abin da ke sama, mun yanke shawarar cewa gearbox gearbox har yanzu yana nesa da ta'aziyar na'ura ta atomatik. Motsawa zuwa ga kyawawan halayen watsawa:

1. Costananan kuɗi idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan atomatik ko CVT.
2. Amfani da mai na tattalin arziki (a nan injiniyoyi sun fi na baya, amma mai bambancin ya fi kyau a wannan batun: sauyawa mai sauƙi da ƙaranci yana adana ƙarin mai).
3. M mahaɗin haɗin injin tare da ƙafafun tuki, saboda abin da zai yiwu a fitar da motar daga kan sikila ko birki tare da injin ta amfani da gas.

Robot tare da kama biyu

Saboda rashin fa'ida da yawa da ke cikin gearbox gear, masu haɓakawa sun yanke shawarar ci gaba kuma har yanzu suna aiwatar da ra'ayin ƙirƙirar gearbox wanda zai haɗu da duk fa'idodi na injin atomatik da injiniyoyi.

Wannan shine yadda aka haifi mutum-mutumi mai kama da kere-kere wanda kamfanin Volkswagen ya kirkira. Ya karɓi suna DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox), wanda aka fassara daga Ingilishi yana nufin "gearbox tare da sauyawa na aiki". Preselective watsa wani suna don ƙarni na biyu na mutummutumi.

An sanye akwatin da faifai masu kama biyu: ɗayan ya haɗa har da giya, ɗayan - m. Duk shirye-shiryen suna koyaushe. Duk da yake abin hawa yana cikin motsi, ɗayan faifai kama koyaushe a shirye yake ɗayan kuma yana cikin yanayin rufewa. Na farko zai shiga aikin watsa shi da zarar na biyu ya daina aiki. A sakamakon haka, sauye-sauyen kaya suna kusan nan take, kuma aikin mai santsi ya zama kwatankwacin na mai canzawa.

Akwatin kama biyu yana da halaye masu zuwa:

• ya fi na'ura aiki da tattalin arziki;
• mafi kwanciyar hankali fiye da akwatin robotic mai sauƙi;
• watsa mafi karfin juyi fiye da mai banbanci;
• yana samar da daidaitaccen haɗi tsakanin ƙafafun da injin kamar injiniyoyi.

A gefe guda, farashin wannan akwatin zai kasance sama da farashin injiniyoyi, kuma cin abincin ya fi na robot ɗin. Daga ra'ayi na jin dadi, mai bambance-bambancen da atomatik har yanzu suna cin nasara.

Zana karshe

Menene banbanci tsakanin mai canzawa da mutum-mutumi, kuma wanene daga cikin waɗannan akwatinan gearbox ɗin har yanzu ya fi kyau? Bambancin wani nau'in watsawa ne ta atomatik, kuma duk da haka mutum-mutumi ya fi kusa da makanikai. A kan wannan tushen ne ya cancanci yin zaɓi don fa'idar wani akwatin gearbox.

Abubuwan da ake so na watsawa galibi suna zuwa ne daga direban da kansa kuma ya dogara ne da bukatunsa na motar, da kuma yadda yake tuki. Shin kuna neman yanayin tuƙi mai kyau? Sannan zabi wani bambanci. Shin kun fifita aminci da ikon hawa cikin mawuyacin yanayi? Tabbataccen abin da kuka zaba shine mutum-mutumi.

Zaɓin mota, dole ne direba da kansa ya “gwada” duka nau’ikan akwatunan. Ya kamata a tuna cewa duka robot da mai bambancin suna da nasa fa'idodi da rashin amfani. Dalilin da aka tsara shi don amfani da motar zai kuma taimaka wajen tantance zaɓin. A cikin sanyin birni mai natsuwa, mai bambancin abu zai fi dacewa da mutum-mutumin da ba zai “tsira” a cikin cunkoson ababen hawa ba. A bayan gari, cikin mawuyacin yanayi na hanya, yayin tuki cikin sauri ko kuma lokacin tuki wasanni, robot ya fi dacewa.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene mafi kyawun variator ko na'ura ta atomatik? Wannan ba na kowa bane. Gaskiyar ita ce, bambance-bambancen yana ba da motsi mara nauyi mara nauyi (mafi daidai, gudu ɗaya ne kawai a ciki, amma rabon gear yana canzawa cikin sauƙi), kuma injin ɗin atomatik yana aiki a cikin yanayin tako.

Me ke damun variator akan mota? Irin wannan akwati baya jure wa babban juzu'i, da kuma nauyi mai kaifi da monotonous. Har ila yau, nauyin na'ura yana da mahimmanci - mafi girma shi ne, mafi girma nauyi.

Yadda za a tantance menene variator ko injin atomatik? Duk abin da kuke buƙatar yi shine tuƙi mota. Bambancin zai ɗauki sauri cikin sauƙi, kuma za a ji ƙarar haske a cikin injin. Idan na'urar ta yi kuskure, sauyawa tsakanin saurin gudu zai fi bambanta.