Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar
Yanayin atomatik,  Articles,  Kayan abin hawa

Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar

Duk motar da aka tanada da injin konewa na ciki tana da aƙalla tsarin shaye shaye. An sanya shi ba kawai don samar da ta'aziyya ga direba da sauransu ba. Wannan ƙirar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ingantaccen zubar da iskar gas.

Yi la'akari da ƙirar tsarin shaye-shaye, da zaɓuɓɓuka don zamaninta da gyara shi.

Menene tsarin sharar mota?

Tsarin shaye-shaye na nufin saitin bututu na tsayi da diamita daban-daban, haka kuma kwantena masu ɗimbin yawa, waɗanda a ciki akwai shinge. A koyaushe an shigar dashi ƙarƙashin motar kuma an haɗa shi da mahaɗan shaye shaye.

Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar

Saboda bambancin zane-zane na magunan ruwa (babban abin almara, mai sanya resonator da mai kara kuzari), galibin sautunan da ake samarwa sakamakon aiki da naurar wuta ana danne su.

Dalilin tsarin sharar abin hawa

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, an tsara tsarin don cire iskar gas daga injin. Baya ga wannan aikin, wannan ginin yana aiki don:

  • Shaye sauti damping. Lokacin da aka fara injin, ƙananan fashewar cakuda-mai na iska suna faruwa a ɗakunan aiki na silinda. Ko da a cikin ƙananan yawa, wannan aikin yana tare da tafaɗa mai ƙarfi. Energyarfin da aka saki ya isa ya fitar da piston a cikin silinda. Saboda kasancewar abubuwa da sifofi daban-daban na ciki, baffles da ke cikin maƙerin murfin yana lalata damshin hayaƙin.
  • Nutsar da sharar mai guba. Ana aiwatar da wannan aikin ta mai canzawa mai saurin kawowa. An shigar da wannan ɓangaren kusan yadda zai yiwu ga toshe silinda. Yayin konewar iska mai-iska, ana samun iskar gas mai guba, wanda ke matukar gurbata muhalli. Lokacin da shaye-shaye ya wuce ta cikin mai kara kuzari, wani tasirin sinadaran yakan auku, wanda sakamakon sa fitar iska mai illa yake raguwa.
  • Cire gas daga wajen abin hawan. Idan kun girka abin rufe bakin kusa da injin, to a lokacin da motar ke tsaye tare da injin din yana aiki (misali, a wutar lantarki ko kuma a cikin cunkoson ababen hawa), iskar gas za ta taru a ƙarƙashin motar. Tunda iska don sanyaya sashin fasinja an ɗauke shi daga sashin injin, a wannan yanayin ƙasa da iskar oxygen za ta shiga sashin fasinjojin.Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar
  • Shayewar sanyaya. Lokacin da mai ya ƙone a cikin silinda, zazzabin yakan tashi zuwa digiri 2000. Bayan an cire iskar gas din ta hanyar abu dayawa, ana sanyaya su, amma duk da haka suna da zafi sosai wanda zasu iya cutar da mutum. A saboda wannan dalili, dukkan sassan tsarin shaye-shaye an yi su ne da karfe (kayan suna da canjin zafi mai yawa, ma'ana, yana saurin zafin jiki ya huce). A sakamakon haka, iskar gas din ba ta kone wadanda suke wucewa ta bututun shaye-shayen.

Shaye tsarin

Dogaro da ƙirar mota, tsarin shaye-shaye zai sami ƙirar daban. Koyaya, gabaɗaya, tsarin tsarin kusan iri ɗaya ne. Zane ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:

  • Shaye da yawa. Ana yin wannan sinadarin ne da ƙarfe mai juriya mai zafi, tunda yana ɗaukar babban nauyin zafin jiki. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci haɗuwa da kan silinda da bututun gaba suna da ƙarfi sosai. A wannan yanayin, tsarin ba zai wuce saurin iskar gas mai zafi ba. Saboda wannan, haɗin gwiwa zai ƙone da sauri, kuma ana buƙatar sauya bayanai akai-akai.
  • "Wando" ko bututun gaba. Ana kiran wannan bangare saboda shakar daga dukkan silinda an hade ta a ciki ta zama bututu daya. Dogaro da nau'in injin, yawan bututun zai dogara da adadin silinda na naúrar.
  • Resonator. Wannan shine abin da ake kira "ƙaramin" mai laushi. A cikin ƙaramin tafkinsa, matakin farko na raguwar kwararar iskar gas. Hakanan an yi shi ne daga gami mai ƙyama.Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar
  • Mai canza catalytic An shigar da wannan sinadarin a cikin dukkan motocin zamani (idan injin din dizal din ne, to akwai matattarar matattara maimakon mai kara kuzari). Aikinta shine cire abubuwa masu guba daga iskar gas da aka ƙirƙira bayan konewar man dizel ko mai. Akwai nau'ikan na'urori da yawa waɗanda aka tsara don kawar da gas mai cutarwa. Mafi mahimmanci sune gyare-gyaren yumbu. A cikin su, jikin mai kara kuzari yana da tsarin salon salula kamar saƙar zuma. A cikin irin waɗannan karafan, jiki yana cikin rufi (ta yadda bangon ba zai ƙone ba), kuma an shigar da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai ƙyama a ƙofar. An shimfiɗa saman raga da yumbu tare da wani abu mai aiki, saboda abin da ya haifar da tasirin sinadarai. Siffar ƙarfen kusan ta yi kama da ta yumbu, kawai maimakon yumbu, jikinta yana ƙunshe da ƙarfe mai kwalliya, wanda aka rufe shi da mafi siririn layin palladium ko platinum.
  • Lambda bincike ko oxygen haska. An sanya shi bayan mai haɓaka. A cikin motocin zamani, wannan ɓangaren bangare ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke daidaita tsarin mai da sharar iska. Bayan hulɗa da iskar gas, yana auna adadin iskar oxygen kuma yana aika sigina zuwa sashin sarrafawa (ƙarin bayani game da tsarinta da ƙa'idar aikinta an bayyana su a nan).Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar
  • Babban abin rufe fuska. Akwai nau'ikan mufflers daban-daban. Kowannensu yana da fasalin fasalin sa. Ainihin, "bankin" yana da bangarori da yawa, sabili da wanda aka kashe hayaƙin mai ƙarfi. Wasu samfuran suna da wata na'ura ta musamman wacce, tare da taimakon wani sauti na musamman, zai baka damar jaddada ƙarfin injin ɗin (misalin wannan shine tsarin sharar Subaru Impreza).

A mahadar dukkan sassan, dole ne a tabbatar da iyakar matsi, in ba haka ba motar za ta yi amo, kuma gefunan bututun za su ƙone da sauri. A gaskets an yi su ne daga abubuwa masu ƙyama. Don amintaccen gyara, ana amfani da kusoshi, don haka kada a watsa motsi daga injin zuwa jiki, ana dakatar da bututu da muffler daga ƙasa ta amfani da 'yan kunnen roba.

Yadda tsarin shaye shaye yake aiki

Lokacin da bawul din ya bude akan shaye shayen, ana fitar da iskar gas din a cikin sharar da yawa. Daga nan sai su shiga bututun gaba kuma an haɗa su da kwararar da ke zuwa daga wasu silinda.

Idan injin konewa na ciki sanye take da injin injin turbin (alal misali, a cikin injunan dizal ko nau'ikan mai mai turbocharged), to sharar da aka fara yi daga mai yawa ta shayar da mai kwalliyar, sannan kawai sai ya shiga cikin bututun cin abincin.

Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar

Batu na gaba shine mai kara kuzari wanda ake lalata abubuwa masu cutarwa. Ana sanya wannan ɓangaren koyaushe kusa da injin kamar yadda zai yiwu, tunda tasirin sinadaran yana faruwa ne a yanayin zafi mai zafi (don ƙarin bayani kan aikin mai canzawa, duba a cikin labarin daban).

Sannan shaye shaye ya bi ta cikin resonator (sunan yana magana ne akan aikin wannan bangare - don sake bayyana yawancin sautuka) kuma ya shiga babban murfin. Akwai bangarori da yawa a cikin ramin murfin ciki tare da ramuka masu daidaita dangane da juna. Godiya ga wannan, ana jujjuya kwararar sau da yawa, amo ya dushe, kuma bututun shaye shaye yana da sassauci da nutsuwa kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Matsaloli masu yuwuwa, hanyoyin kawar dasu da zaɓuɓɓukan kunnawa

Exhaarancin tsarin shaye-shaye da akafi sani shine ƙarancin kashi. Mafi yawanci wannan yana faruwa ne a mahadar saboda kwararar ruwa. Dogaro da matakin lalacewa, kuna buƙatar kuɗin ku. Konewa galibi yana faruwa a cikin maƙogwaron.

A kowane hali, bincikar tsarin shaye-shaye ɗayan ayyuka ne masu sauki. Babban abu shine sauraren aikin motar. Lokacin da hayakin shaye-shaye ya fara tsananta (da farko yana samo asalin "bass" na asali, kamar mota mai ƙarfi), to lokaci yayi da za a duba ƙarƙashin motar don ganin inda ɓuɓɓugar take faruwa.

Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar

Muffler gyara ya dogara da digiri na lalacewa. Idan bangaren bashi da arha, to zai fi kyau a maye gurbinsa da sabo. Arin gyare-gyare mafi tsada ana iya facin su da sludge na gas da walda na lantarki. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban akan wannan, saboda haka dole ne mai mota ya tantance wa kansa wace hanyar matsala da zai yi amfani da ita.

Idan akwai na'urar firikwensin oxygen a cikin tsarin shaye-shayen, to rashin aikinsa zaiyi gyara sosai ga aikin tsarin mai kuma zai iya lalata mai sanya kayan. Saboda wannan dalili, wasu masana suna ba da shawarar adana firikwensin kyau ɗaya a cikin kowane lokaci. Idan, bayan maye gurbin wani sashi, siginar kuskuren injiniya ta ɓace akan dashboard, to matsalar ta kasance a ciki.

Shaye tsarin gyara

Tsarin tsarin shaye shaye yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan ƙarfin injiniya. Saboda wannan dalili, wasu direbobi suna haɓaka shi ta ƙara ko cire wasu abubuwa. Zaɓin zaɓin kunnawa na yau da kullun shine shigarwa ta madaidaiciya - ta cikin abin rufe fuska. A wannan yanayin, an cire resonator daga tsarin don sakamako mafi girma.

Na'urar da ƙa'idar aiki na ƙazantar da tsarin motar

Yana da kyau a lura da cewa yin lalata da tsarin tsarin na iya shafar ingancin karfin wutar lantarki. Kowane gyare-gyare na murfin an zaɓi shi la'akari da ikon injin. Saboda wannan, ana yin lissafin injiniyoyi masu rikitarwa. A saboda wannan dalili, a wasu lokuta, haɓaka tsarin ba kawai mai daɗin ji ba ne ga sauti, amma kuma yana "satar" ƙarfin doki mai daraja daga motar.

Idan babu wadataccen ilimi game da aikin injin da tsarin shaye-shaye, zai fi kyau mai sha'awar mota ya nemi taimako daga kwararru. Zasu taimaka ba kawai don zaɓar ɓangaren da ya dace wanda ke haifar da tasirin da ake buƙata ba, amma kuma hana lalacewar motar saboda aiki mara kyau na tsarin.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin bututun shaye-shaye da na muffler? Muffler a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye wani tanki ne maras kyau tare da baffles da yawa a ciki. Bututun shaye-shaye bututun karfe ne wanda ke fitowa daga babban mafarin.

Menene daidai sunan bututun shaye-shaye? Wannan shine madaidaicin sunan wannan bangare na tsarin sharar abin hawa. Ba daidai ba ne a kira shi muffler, saboda kawai bututun yana karkatar da iskar gas daga ma'auni.

Yaya tsarin shaye-shaye yake aiki? Gas mai fitar da iskar gas yana barin silinda ta cikin bawul ɗin shayewa. Daga nan sai su shiga cikin tarkacen shaye-shaye - a cikin na'urar resonator (a cikin motocin zamani har yanzu akwai mai kara kuzari a gabansa) - a cikin babban injin daskarewa da kuma cikin bututun mai.

Menene gajiyar motar? Tsari ne da ke tsaftacewa, sanyaya, da kuma rage yawan hayaniya da hayaniya daga iskar gas da ke barin injin. Wannan tsarin na iya bambanta a cikin nau'ikan mota daban-daban.

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