Menene turbocharger?
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Menene turbocharger?

Menene turbocharger?

Idan ya zo ga hada aiki tare da rage yawan amfani da man fetur, injiniyoyi sun kusan tilastawa su zaɓi injin turbo.

A waje da siririn iska na duniyar manyan motoci, inda Lamborghini har yanzu ya nace cewa injunan da ake nema ta dabi'a sun kasance mafi tsabta kuma mafi kyawun hanyar Italiyanci don samar da wutar lantarki da hayaniya, kwanakin motocin da ba su da turbo suna zuwa ƙarshe.

Ba zai yuwu ba, alal misali, a sami ɗan wasan Golf na Volkswagen. Bayan Dieselgate, ba shakka, wannan ba zai yuwu ba, domin babu wanda yake son yin wasan golf kuma.

Duk da haka, gaskiyar ta kasance cewa motocin birni, motocin iyali, manyan masu yawon bude ido da ma wasu manyan motoci suna barin jirgin don jin daɗin rayuwa a nan gaba. Daga Ford Fiesta zuwa Ferrari 488, makomar gaba ta kasance ta tilastawa tilastawa, wani bangare saboda dokokin fitar da hayaki, amma kuma saboda fasahar ta samo asali ne ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle da iyakoki.

Wannan lamari ne na ƙananan tattalin arzikin mai don tuƙi mai santsi da babban ƙarfin injin lokacin da kuke so.

Idan ya zo ga hada mafi girma aiki tare da ƙananan amfani da man fetur, injiniyoyi sun kusan tilasta su tsara sabbin injunan su tare da fasahar turbocharged.

Ta yaya turbo zai iya yin fiye da ƙasa?

Duk ya zo ne ga yadda injina ke aiki, don haka bari mu ɗan yi magana game da fasaha. Don injunan man fetur, 14.7: 1 iska-man rabo yana tabbatar da cikakken konewa na duk abin da ke cikin Silinda. Duk wani ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ya wuce wannan ɓarna ce ta mai.

A cikin injin da ake so ta dabi'a, ɓacin rai wanda piston mai saukowa ya ƙirƙira yana jawo iska zuwa cikin silinda, ta amfani da matsi mara kyau a ciki don jawo iska ta cikin bawul ɗin sha. Hanya ce mai sauƙi ta yin abubuwa, amma tana da iyaka ta fuskar samar da iska, kamar mai barci.

A cikin injin turbocharged, an sake rubuta littafin doka. Maimakon dogaro da tasirin injin piston, injin turbocharged yana amfani da famfon iska don tura iska cikin silinda, kamar dai yadda abin rufe fuska na barci yana tura iska sama da hanci.

Ko da yake turbochargers na iya damfara iska har zuwa mashaya 5 (72.5 psi) sama da ma'aunin yanayin yanayi, a cikin motocin hanya yawanci suna aiki a mafi ƙarancin matsi na 0.5 zuwa mashaya 1 (7 zuwa 14 psi).

Sakamakon aiki shine cewa a mashaya 1 na ƙarfin haɓaka, injin yana karɓar iskar ninki biyu kamar dai ana sha'awar a zahiri.

Wannan yana nufin sashin kula da injin na iya yin allurar man da ya ninka sau biyu yayin da yake kiyaye madaidaicin iskar mai, yana haifar da fashewa mai girma.

Amma rabin dabarar turbocharger ke nan. Bari mu kwatanta injin da ake so a zahiri mai nauyin lita 4.0 da injin turbocharged mai lita 2.0 tare da matsi mai ƙarfi na mashaya 1, muna ɗauka cewa sun kasance iri ɗaya ta fuskar fasaha.

Injin mai lita 4.0 yana cin ƙarin man fetur ko da a cikin rashin aiki da kuma ƙarƙashin nauyin injin haske, yayin da injin lita 2.0 ke cinye ƙasa da ƙasa. Bambance-bambancen shi ne cewa a cikin buɗaɗɗen maƙura, injin turbocharged zai yi amfani da matsakaicin adadin iska da mai zai yiwu - sau biyu fiye da injin da ake nema na ƙaura ɗaya, ko daidai daidai da 4.0-lita na zahiri.

Wannan yana nufin injin turbocharged zai iya tafiya ko'ina daga ƙaramin lita 2.0 zuwa lita huɗu mai ƙarfi saboda godiyar tilastawa.

Don haka lamari ne na ƙananan tattalin arzikin mai don tuƙi mai laushi da babban ƙarfin injin lokacin da kuke so.

Yaya wannan wayo yake?

Kamar yadda ya dace da harsashin azurfa na injiniya, turbocharger da kansa yana da hazaka. Lokacin da injin ke aiki, iskar gas ɗin da ke fitar da iskar gas ta ratsa cikin injin injin, yana haifar da jujjuyawar saurin gudu - yawanci tsakanin sau 75,000 zuwa 150,000 a cikin minti ɗaya.

Turbine yana makale ne da na’urar damfara, wanda hakan ke nufin da sauri turbine din ke jujjuyawa, da sauri na’urar tana jujjuyawa, yana tsotsa iska mai dadi sannan ya tura shi cikin injin.

Turbo yana aiki akan sikelin zamewa, ya danganta da ƙarfin da kuke danna fedal ɗin gas. A zaman banza, babu isassun iskar iskar gas don samun injin turbin har zuwa kowane ma'ana mai ma'ana, amma yayin da kuke haɓaka, injin ɗin yana jujjuyawa kuma yana ba da haɓakawa.

Idan kun tura da ƙafar dama, ana samar da ƙarin iskar gas, waɗanda ke damfara matsakaicin adadin sabo a cikin silinda.

To menene kama?

Akwai, ba shakka, da dama dalilai da ya sa ba mu duka fitar da turbocharged motoci na shekaru, fara da hadaddun.

Kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, gina wani abu da zai iya jujjuya a 150,000 RPM kowace rana tsawon shekaru ba tare da fashewa ba ba shi da sauƙi, kuma yana buƙatar sassa masu tsada.

Turbines kuma suna buƙatar keɓantaccen mai da samar da ruwa, wanda ke sanya ƙarin damuwa ga tsarin mai da sanyaya injin.

Yayin da iskan da ke cikin injin turbocharger ya yi zafi, masana'antun kuma dole ne su sanya intercoolers don rage zafin iskan da ke shiga cikin Silinda. Iska mai zafi ba ta da yawa fiye da iska mai sanyi, yana ƙin fa'idar turbocharger kuma yana iya haifar da lalacewa da fashewar cakudawar mai/iska da wuri.

Mafi ƙarancin ƙarancin turbocharging shine, ba shakka, da aka sani da lag. Kamar yadda aka fada, kuna buƙatar haɓakawa da ƙirƙirar shayewa don samun turbo don fara samar da ma'ana mai ma'ana, wanda ke nufin cewa motocin turbo na farko sun kasance kamar jinkirin sauyawa - babu komai, babu komai, komai.

Ci gaba daban-daban a cikin fasahar turbo sun ɗora mafi munin halayen motsin hankali na farkon turbocharged Saabs da Porsches, gami da daidaitacce vanes a cikin injin turbin da ke motsawa bisa matsa lamba, da nauyi, ƙananan sassa don rage rashin ƙarfi.

Mafi kyawun mataki na gaba a cikin turbocharging kawai za a iya samu - aƙalla a yanzu - a cikin masu tseren F1, inda ƙaramin motar lantarki ke kiyaye turbo ɗin, yana rage lokacin da ake ɗauka.

Hakazalika, a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya, wani tsarin da aka fi sani da anti-lag yana zubar da cakuda iska/mai kai tsaye cikin shaye-shaye a gaban turbocharger. Zafin da ake fitarwa da yawa yana haifar da fashewa ko da ba tare da tartsatsi ba, yana haifar da iskar gas da kiyaye turbocharger yana tafasa.

Amma menene game da turbodiesels?

Idan ya zo ga turbocharging, dizel iri ne na musamman. Wannan haƙiƙa abin hannu ne, domin idan ba tare da tilastawa injunan diesel ɗin ba, ba za su taɓa zama gama gari kamar yadda suke ba.

Dizels masu sha'awar dabi'a na iya samar da ingantacciyar juzu'i mai ƙarancin ƙarewa, amma a nan ne basirarsu ta ƙare. Koyaya, tare da shigar da tilas, dizel na iya yin amfani da karfin karfinsu kuma su more fa'ida iri ɗaya da takwarorinsu na mai.

Tonka Tough ne ya kera injinan dizal don ɗaukar manyan lodi da yanayin zafi da ke ciki, ma'ana suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin matsa lamba na turbo cikin sauƙi.

Duk injunan dizal - masu kishin halitta kuma masu caji - suna aiki ta hanyar ƙona mai a cikin iska mai yawa a cikin abin da ake kira tsarin konewa.

Lokaci daya tilo da injunan dizal suka zo kusa da "madaidaicin" gauran iska/manfut yana da cikakkar magudanar ruwa lokacin da masu allurar mai ke budewa.

Domin man dizal ba shi da ƙarfi fiye da man fetur, idan ya ƙone ba tare da iska mai yawa ba, ana samar da adadi mai yawa na soot, wanda aka fi sani da dizal particulates. Ta hanyar cika silinda tare da iska, turbodiesels na iya guje wa wannan matsala.

Don haka, yayin da turbocharging wani babban ci gaba ne mai ban mamaki ga injinan mai, juzuwar sa na gaskiya yana ceton injin dizal daga zama abin hayaƙi. Ko da yake "Dieselgate" a kowane hali na iya haifar da wannan ya faru.

Yaya kuke ji game da gaskiyar cewa turbochargers sun sami hanyar shiga kusan dukkanin motocin masu kafa hudu? Faɗa mana a cikin sharhin da ke ƙasa.

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