Fiston haɗa sandar: manufa, ƙira, manyan laifofi

Fiston mai haɗa piston wani ɓangare ne na aikin ƙirar ƙira, saboda abin da ake tura makamashi zuwa crankshaft lokacin da aka kunna wutar mai-mai. Babban daki-daki ne, ba tare da hakan ba abune mai wahala a canza motsi zuwa na madauwama.

Yi la'akari da yadda aka tsara wannan ɓangaren, menene matsalar aiki, da zaɓukan gyara.

Haɗa zanen sanda

Sandar haɗawa tana aiki bisa ƙa'idar ƙafafun kafa a cikin keke, rawar ƙafafu kawai a cikin injin ɗin ana kunna ta piston da ke motsawa a cikin silinda. Dogaro da gyare-gyaren motar, aikin crank yana da sandunan haɗawa da yawa kamar yadda akwai silinda a cikin injin ƙonewa na ciki.

Wannan daki-daki yana da abubuwa masu mahimmanci guda uku:

• fison kai;
• shugaban crank
• sandar wuta.

Fiston kai

Wannan kayan aikin na sandar hadewa bangare ne guda daya wanda akan tsayar da fistan (ana saka yatsa cikin kayan). Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan yatsa da tsayayyu.

An shigar da fil ɗin motsi a cikin bushing na tagulla. Ana buƙata don sashin ba ya tsufa da sauri. Kodayake sau da yawa akwai zaɓuɓɓuka ba tare da daji ba. A wannan yanayin, akwai ɗan tazara tsakanin fil da kai, saboda abin da fuskar sadarwar ta fi kyau shafa mai.

Kafaffen fil gyara yana buƙatar ƙarin daidaito a cikin masana'antu. A wannan yanayin, ramin da ke kan kansa zai zama ƙasa da na fil ɗin.

Siffar trapezoid na kai tana ƙara yankin da fiston yake. Tunda wannan sinadarin yana fuskantar abubuwa masu nauyi, ana yin sa ne da sifa wanda zai iya jure su na dogon lokaci.

Crank shugaban

A daya gefen sandar da ke hadawa akwai wani matashin kai, wanda dalilin sa shi ne hada piston da sandar hade da KSHM. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan ɓangaren yana ruɓewa - murfin yana haɗe da sandar haɗawa ta amfani da maɗaukakiyar haɗi. Don sanya wannan abu ya zama ƙasa da lalacewa saboda rikicewar rikici, ana saka layuka tsakanin bangon kai da ƙuƙwalwar. Sun tsufa a kan lokaci, amma babu buƙatar maye gurbin sandar haɗin duka.

Uredanƙararren ƙuƙwalwa an ƙera shi tare da cikakkiyar madaidaiciya don ƙusoshin ba su sassauta yayin aikin inji kuma motar ba ta buƙatar rikitarwa da tsada.

Idan murfin kai ya tsufa, to shawara mafi hikima shine za'a maye gurbinsa da wani abu ɗaya, wanda aka keɓance shi musamman don wannan nau'in injin ɗin, maimakon neman analog mai rahusa. Yayin da ake kera abubuwa, ana la'akari da damuwan inji da na zafin jiki, don haka injiniyoyi suna zaɓar kayan da suka dace kuma suna tantance ainihin nauyin ɓangaren.

Akwai sanduna masu haɗawa guda biyu:

• haɗuwa da karu a kusurwar dama (ana amfani da shi cikin injina tare da silinda masu layi);
• haɗi a kusurwa mafi kaifi zuwa tsakiyar axis na ɓangaren (wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin injin da aka yi a cikin sifar V).

Shugabar kwalliyar ma tana da hannun riga (mai tuna kwatankwacin crankshaft). Ana kerarre shi daga ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Kayan yana da tsayayya ga manyan lodi kuma yana da kayan haɓaka-gogayya.

Wannan sinadarin shima yana bukatar man shafawa koyaushe. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, kafin fara motsi bayan tsayawar mota, kuna buƙatar barin injin ɗin ya ɗan tsaya kaɗan. A wannan yanayin, mai zai shiga duk abubuwan da aka gyara kafin a ɗora su.

Rodarfin sanda

Wannan shine babban ɓangaren sandar haɗawa, wanda ke da tsarin I-beam (a ɓangaren yana kama da harafin H). Saboda kasancewar masu ƙarfi, wannan ɓangaren yana iya tsayayya da manyan kaya. An fadada manya da ƙananan sassa (kawuna).

Yana da kyau a tuna fewan bayanan da suka shafi sandunan ƙarfi:

• nauyin su a cikin dukkanin motar dole ne ya kasance iri ɗaya, sabili da haka, lokacin maye gurbin, ya kamata a tuna cewa ko da ƙananan ɓata suna iya ɓata aikin injin konewa na ciki;
• a cikin sauye-sauye na man fetur, ana amfani da sandunan haɗin da ba za su ɗorewa ba, tunda an ƙirƙiri matsa lamba a cikin silinda don ƙone man dizal, wanda ya ninka sau da yawa fiye da matsawa a cikin injin al'ada;
• idan an sayi sandar haɗawa mafi nauyi (ko akasin haka - mai sauƙi), kafin girka ta, ana daidaita dukkan ɓangarorin da nauyi akan daidaito daidai.

Kayan aiki don samar da sandunan haɗawa

A kokarin da suke yi na sanya sassan injina wuta, wasu masana'antun suna amfani da kayan gami da sauƙi don yin sandunan haɗi. Amma kaya a kan waɗannan abubuwan ba a rage ba. Saboda wannan, ana amfani da aluminum sosai. A mafi yawan lokuta, asalin ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi don yin sandunan haɗawa ƙarfe ne.

Wannan karfen yana da matukar tsayayya ga matattarar inji da zafi. Kuma an riga an haɓaka hanyar yin simintin gyare-gyare, wanda ke sauƙaƙa aikin ƙera sassa. Ana amfani da waɗannan sandunan haɗawa a cikin injinan mai.

Don injunan dizal, kamar yadda aka ambata, ana buƙatar abu mai ɗorewa musamman. A saboda wannan dalili, ana amfani da ƙarfe mai haɗari. Hanyar sarrafawa tana da ƙoshin zafi. Tunda ana amfani da fasahar da ta fi rikitarwa don samarwa kuma kayan sun fi baƙin ƙarfe tsada, sassan suna da tsada sosai fiye da takwarorinsu na baƙin ƙarfe.

Samfurori na wasanni suna amfani da gami mai nauyi (titanium da aluminium), don haka sauƙaƙa ƙirar ƙungiyar ƙarfin (a wasu lokuta har zuwa kashi 50).

A koyaushe ana yin katako masu ƙarfe da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, tunda ban da matsi na zafin jiki, ana saka zarensu koyaushe don kaifin motsi.

Me yasa sandunan haɗin ke kasawa?

Babban dalili mafi mahimmanci don haɗuwa da gazawar sanda shine lalacewar halitta da tsagewar abubuwanta. Babban (piston) kai yana karya kasa sau da yawa. Mafi sau da yawa yana aiki da wadataccen albarkatu kamar ɗaukacin motar. Anan ga wasu ƙarin dalilai don haɗa sandar sandar:

• nakasawa sakamakon karo da piston tare da shugaban silinda;
• samuwar kamuwa da cuta saboda shigowar abrasive a saman layin (alal misali, matatar mai ta tsage, kuma ba a tsabtace man da aka yi amfani da shi daga ɓoyayyen ƙasashen waje);
• saboda yunwar mai, za a iya lalata ɗaukar fili (ana iya ƙayyade wannan yayin babban garambawul).

Bayan dalili na dabi'a, meta na biyu bai dace ba ko kuma mai ƙarancin mai. A saboda wannan dalili, kowane mai mota ya kamata ya tuna cewa canje-canje na mai na yau da kullun ya kamata su faru a cikin ƙayyadadden lokacin da masana'anta suka tsara, koda kuwa motar ba ta tuki haka da yawa. Mai ya rasa dukiyar sa akan lokaci, wanda zai iya shafar tasirin aikin injin ƙone ciki.

Gyara sandunan haɗi

Gyara sandunan haɗi ba zai yiwu a kowane hali ba. Ana iya yin wannan aikin idan:

• nakasawa na mashaya tallafi;
• increasedara izinin fistan fiska;
• kara yarda da kan crank head.

Kafin gyarawa, ana aiwatar da duba gani na ɓangaren. Amfani da ma'auni na ciki, ana auna diamita da dukkan ratayoyin sandar haɗawa. Idan waɗannan alamun suna cikin kewayon al'ada, babu buƙatar canza sandunan haɗawa.

Idan sandar ta lalace, bai kamata a yi biris da wannan ba, tunda rabon rarraba kayan zai haifar da lalata farfajiyar silinda, ƙarar da ƙwanƙwasawa da piston ɗin kanta suke yi.

Lalata sandar haɗawa koyaushe tana tare da ƙara ƙarar injin injina, koda a ƙananann dubawa. Yana da matukar wahala gyara irin wannan lahani, sabili da haka, a wannan yanayin, ana canza ɓangaren kawai zuwa sabo.

Idan akwai rata mara kyau, murfin kai ya gundura zuwa dacewar girman abin da za'a saka. Don kar a cire ƙarin milimita, kuna buƙatar amfani da lathe na musamman tare da bututun m.

Idan akwai sawa a cikin kan piston, yakamata kayi amfani da layin gyare-gyare na musamman, wanda girmansa yayi daidai da buƙatar da ake buƙata. Tabbas, yayin motar tana aiki, bushing zai goge kuma ya ɗauki fasalin da ake so.

Lokacin amfani da daji, bincika ko hujin layin da kai sun yi daidai - mai ya gudana ta ciki zuwa fil. In ba haka ba, gyaran ba zai tsawanta rayuwar motar ba, amma, akasin haka, zai rage albarkatunsa sosai (bayan duk, mai motar yana tunanin cewa motar “ba ta da ƙarfi” kuma ba ta buƙatar gyarawa kai tsaye, amma a zahiri ɓangarorin suna fama da yunwa).

Bayan gyare-gyare, dole ne a auna sassan don kada tsawa mara kyau ya bayyana a cikin motar saboda bambancin nauyi.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Yadda ake duba sandar haɗi don ellipse? Ana duba lissafin sandar haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Idan sandar haɗi ta ɗan lalace, ba za a iya tantance wannan da ido ba. Don wannan, ana amfani da ma'aunin ciki ko na'ura na musamman.

Menene sandar haɗi da aka yi da ita? Daga sanda, shugaban fistan na sama, ƙananan crank kan. An haɗa shugaban piston zuwa fistan tare da fil, kuma an haɗa kan crank zuwa wuyan crank.