Menene shiru toshe kuma yaushe aka canza shi

Silent blocks (wanda ake kira "s / b") wani bangare ne na dakatarwa, wanda shine bushings na karfe biyu, a tsakanin su akwai abin da ake saka roba. Toshewar shiru yana haɗa sassan dakatarwa zuwa juna, yana rage girgiza tsakanin nodes. Tubalan shiru suna ba da gudummawa ga tafiya mai daɗi saboda elasticity na roba, wanda ke aiki azaman damper tsakanin sassan dakatarwa. 

Menene shiru toshe shi da kuma dalilin sa

Tubalan shiru suna aiki don kaucewa ɓarna na sassan dakatarwa da aikin jiki. Su ne farkon waɗanda suka fara gigicewa da girgiza, bayan haka waɗanda ke shaƙe abubuwa suka dame su. Hakanan an raba tubalan shiru zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:

• ginawa (tare da ɗayan ɗaya, biyu na daji ko ba tare da ƙarfe ba);
• zane zane (m roba na roba Saka ko tare da ramuka);
• nau'in abin da aka makala (bushings ko gidaje tare da lugs);
• motsi (matsakaiciyar motsi da "shawagi");
• abu (roba ko polyurethane).

A tsari, tubalan shiru sun bambanta da siffa, dangane da ƙirar lefa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da bushings biyu akan levers triangular na nau'in dakatarwar gaba na MacPherson - tubalan shiru na baya tare da bushings biyu, na gaba tare da kusoshi na ciki, babu hoton waje. Af, s / b na baya na dakatarwar gaba za a iya cika ruwa. Wannan ƙirar tana ba ku damar ɗaukar kuzarin rawar jiki mafi kyau, amma da zaran ruwan ya fara gudana, ingancin tubalan shiru yana raguwa sosai.

Dangane da nauyin zane, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da s / b mai ƙarfi, albarkatun su sun fi yawa.

Dangane da motsi, tubalan shiru "mai iyo" sun cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Ana amfani da su a cikin dakatarwar haɗin haɗin gwiwa da yawa na baya, ana iya danna su a cikin ƙwanƙolin tuƙi ko sanda mai jujjuyawa. Cibiyar "tasowa" tana da aiki na biyu - don ba da damar motar ta juya kyauta a wani kusurwa, yayin da yake zama mara motsi a cikin jirgin sama a tsaye da kwance. Samfurin keji ne, an rufe shi a ɓangarorin biyu tare da anther, a ciki wanda aka shigar da hinge saboda motsi na hinge, dakatarwar ta baya "steers" lokacin da ya cancanta, motar da ke kan hanya tana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin kaifi mai ƙarfi. zuwa ga wannan .. Babban hasara na bushing " iyo" shine cewa takalmin roba yana da matukar damuwa ga yanayi mai tsanani, bayan haka ya wuce ƙura da danshi, yana rage yawan rayuwar sashin. 

Ina wuraren da ba a yin shiru suke?

Ana amfani da sandar ƙarfe-ƙarfe a cikin sassan dakatarwar masu zuwa:

• gaba da baya levers;
• tsawo da kuma sandar baya na dakatar dakatar;
• kamar yadda stabilizer bushings;
• a cikin dunƙule;
• a cikin masu shanyewa;
• a matsayin dutse don sashin wutar lantarki da watsawa;
• akan ƙananan sigogi.

Amfani da cikakkun bulolin shiru a maimakon robobin daji na roba ya inganta halayen fasaha na ɓoye saboda gaskiyar cewa roba a cikin bushing bushing tana aiki mafi kyau don murɗawa, dampens vibrations da kyau sosai kuma baya tsufa da sauri. 

Nau'ikan da ire-iren tubalan shiru

Akwai rukuni biyu waɗanda aka keɓance dukkan tubalan shiru:

• Ta hanyar kayan da aka halicce su;
• Ta nau'i (siffa da zane).

Busings na katangar baya da hannayen gaba ana yinsu ne da roba ko polyurethane.

Ta hanyar iri an bambanta su:

• Baida daidaito. Irin waɗannan sassan suna da keji na karfe tare da saka roba a ciki. Hakanan akwai gyare-gyare tare da saka karfe ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, za'a sanya shi a cikin asalin roba.
• Perforated shiru toshe ko tare da cavities a cikin ɓangaren roba. Irin waɗannan bulolin shiru suna ba da liƙaƙƙen abin liba. Dole ne a danna sashin daidai yadda yakamata don rarraba kayan a kan ɗaukacin ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren.
• Silent block tare da asymmetric lugs. Waɗannan sassan ba su da ramin hawa. Madadin haka, ana amfani da lugs. Wannan ƙirar tana ba ku damar gyara sassan da ke cikin jiragen sama masu dangantaka da juna.
• Tsarin shawagi. A waje, bulolin shuru-shuru suna kama da bearings na ball. Don kar sashen roba ya tsufa yayin aiki, an rufe shi da butar roba. Wannan gyaran yana ba da sassaucin motsi na ɓangaren da aka ɗora akan sa. Ana iya amfani da su don levers, amma galibi ana sanya su a cikin mahimmin dunƙulen cibiya.

Yadda za'a bincika tubalan shiru?

Matsakaicin albarkatu na sassan dakatarwar roba-karfe shine kilomita 100. Ana gudanar da gwajin S/b kowane kilomita 000. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar tayar da motar a kan ɗagawa. Binciken farko shine na gani, ana buƙatar gano kasancewar ɓarna ko ɓarna na roba. Idan akwai tsagewa, to wannan alama ce cewa za a buƙaci maye gurbin s / b nan da nan.

Bugu da ari, ana yin rajistan ta amfani da tsauni. Dogaro da liba, muna kwaikwayon aikinsa, yayin da bugun maƙerin ya kamata ya zama mai matsewa. Wannan kuma ya shafi hawa injina, busassun abubuwan busar daji.

A kan tafiya, ƙwanƙwasawa mai ƙarfi a kan rashin bin doka, "laxity" na dakatarwar yana magana ne game da lalacewar tubalan.

Lokacin canji

Sauyawa na toshe tubalan ana yin sa ne kawai tare da bayyananniyar lalacewa, a wasu halaye ba ma'ana a taɓa su. An ba da shawarar sosai don canza ɓangaren ƙarfe na ƙarfe a ɓangarorin biyu, saboda a kan motsi dakatarwar ta fara bayyana kanta ba daidai ba saboda bambancin aikin levers. 

Af, ba kowane dakatarwa zai fara “yin sauti” lokacin da aka sa s / w ba. Misali: motar Mercedes-Benz W210 da BMW 7-jerin E38 zuwa na ƙarshe sun kasance “shiru”, koda lokacin da keɓaɓɓen tubalan ya tsage. Wannan yana nuna cewa yakamata a bincika kayan aikin gudu bisa nisan mil da alamun farko na rashin isasshen halayen dakatarwa.

Rayuwar sabis

Yawanci, albarkatun abubuwan haɗin asali sun kai kilomita 100 ko fiye, gwargwadon inda ake aiki da motar. Idan ana maganar analogues, zaɓuɓɓuka mafi arha zasu iya faduwa tuni a kilomita dubu na biyu. Mace mai nisan miƙa na analog mai kyau shine 000-50% na albarkatun asalin kayan maye. 

Yadda ake canza tubalan shiru daidai

Matsalolin hanya don maye gurbin tubalan shiru ya dogara da samfurin motar, mafi daidai da nau'in dakatarwar mota. Amma ko da a cikin mafi sauƙi zane, shiru tubalan ba ko da yaushe sauki maye.

Anan akwai umarnin mataki-mataki don jerin wannan aikin:

1. Zaɓi kayan aikin da suka dace. Don rataye motar, kuna buƙatar jack (idan har yanzu bai kasance a cikin kayan aikin direba ba, to. a cikin labarin daban cikakkun bayanai yadda za a zabar shi don motar ku). Hakanan kuna buƙatar daidaitaccen saitin maɓalli. Don sauƙaƙe shigar da tubalan shiru daidai, yana da kyau a sayi kayan aiki don danna su akan kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, za ku buƙaci mai jan hankali na musamman don ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa.
2. Tada gefe ɗaya na motar kuma cire motar da aka dakatar.
3. Cire kuma cire goro a saman haɗin ƙwallon.
4. Hannun dakatarwar ba a kwance ba.
5. An danna block ɗin shiru kuma an danna sabo a ciki.
6. An saka lefa. Ana ƙara man shafawa don kada haɗin gwiwa ya ƙare da sauri.
7. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanya tare da ƙananan hannu.
8. An batar da dabaran kuma an ƙara matse shi a ƙasa.

Idan a cikin mota na baya na dakatarwa sanye take da shiru tubalan, sa'an nan su maye gurbinsu a cikin irin wannan jerin:

• Bayan motar yana hangi.
• Ana duba yanayin tubalan shiru da kasancewar wasa a cikin levers.
• Ana canza tubalan shiru na baya idan akwai koma baya a cikin levers ko kuma ɓangaren roba na sassan ya ƙare a fili (akwai nakasu ko tsagewa).

Sauran ɓangarorin shiru a kan gatari na baya ana canza su kamar yadda suke a gaba. Ana manne ƙafafun a lokacin da aka riga aka sauke injin zuwa ƙasa don hana abin hawa daga zamewa daga jack.

Lokacin sauya tubalan shiru, kullun dakatarwar ana keta haddi, tunda ba a kwance levers da ƙwalƙwalwa. Saboda wannan dalili, bayan yin aikin gyaran gyare-gyare, yana da mahimmanci don daidaita daidaituwa. Yana da An bayyana mahimmancin wannan hanya daki-daki.

Waɗanne tubalan shiru sun fi kyau: polyurethane ko roba?

Tabbas, a yayin gazawar toshewar shiru, mafita mai ma'ana zata maye gurbinsa da irinta, wanda masana'anta suka bayar. Idan direba bai saba da na'urar motarsa ​​ba, to za'ayi amfani da zabin bulolin da basuyi shiru ba bisa ga kundin takamaiman mota.

Kafin maye gurbin toshewar shiru, maigidan yakamata ya yanke shawara akan kayanda aka sanya bangaren.

A cikin kasuwar sassan motoci na zamani, ana ba mai siye zaɓuka biyu: analogues na roba da polyurethane. Ga bambanci.

Roba shiru tubalan

Thearin zuciyar irin waɗannan tubalan shiru ne roba. Waɗannan sassan suna da arha kuma sun fi sauƙi a samu a shaguna. Amma wannan zaɓin yana da ƙarancin fa'idodi da yawa:

• Workingananan kayan aiki;
• Creak, koda bayan maye gurbin;
• Ba sa jure tasirin tasirin muhalli, misali, fasawar roba a ƙarƙashin lodi cikin tsananin sanyi.

Polyurethane shiru shiru

Mafi mahimmancin rashi na toshewar polyurethane da aka yi shuru idan aka kwatanta shi da na baya shine babban tsada. Koyaya, kasancewar wannan abubuwan yana cike da kasancewar kasancewar fa'idodi da yawa:

• Aiki shiru;
• Halin motar a kan hanya ya zama mai laushi;
• Carƙirar ba ta zama tawaya mai yawa ba;
• Lifeara rayuwar aiki (wani lokacin har zuwa sau 5 idan aka kwatanta da kwatancen roba);
• Yana dampens vibrations mafi kyau;
• Inganta sarrafa abin hawa.

Dalilan gazawa da kuma abin da ya rushe a cikin toshewar shiru

Ainihi, albarkatun kowane ɓangaren mota yana shafar ba kawai ta ƙimar ba, amma har ma da yanayin aiki. Hakan yana faruwa cewa babban toshewar shiru mai tsafta baya ƙarancin albarkatunta a cikin motar da ke ci gaba da tafiya koyaushe akan hanyar hawa.

A wani yanayin, ana amfani da motar zuwa mafi girma a cikin birni, kuma direban yana tuƙi daidai da gwargwado. A cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, koda tsabagen tsararru na kasafin kuɗi na iya ɓata kyakkyawar hanya.

Babban fashewar bulolin ɓarnatarwa shine ɓarkewa ko lalacewar ɓangaren roba, saboda yana da lahani ga cikakken yanki. Forcesarƙwarar ƙarfi suna aiki da shi a wasu nodes. Rushewar faren ƙarfe yana da wuya sosai. Babban dalilin wannan cin zarafin tsarin latsawa ne.

Bangaren roba yana lalacewa ba tare da lokaci ba a cikin sharuɗɗa masu zuwa:

• Cin zarafin fasaha don maye gurbin tubalan shiru. Lokacin da aka matse ƙusoshin abin hawa, abin hawa ya zama ya zama yana kan ƙafafun sa kuma kada a ɗora shi sama. In ba haka ba, sashin da aka taƙura ba daidai ba zai juya bayan an saukar da injin a ƙasa. Daga baya, roba za ta karye a ƙarƙashin ƙarin kaya.
• Keta tsarin matsi. Idan an shigar da ɓangaren tare da haɓaka, yayin aiki ba za a rarraba kaya daidai ba.
• Halin halitta da hawaye. Wasu direbobin suna mai da hankali ga shingen shiru kawai lokacin da akwai matsala tare da su, galibi sun wuce rayuwar sabis ɗin da aka ba da shawarar.
• Rikicin rikici ga sunadarai. Wannan shine dalilin reagents da aka zube akan hanya. Man na al'ada shima yakan lalata roba da sauƙi.

Anan akwai alamun da zaku iya ƙayyade cewa masu buƙatar shiru suna buƙatar maye gurbinsu:

• Motar ta yi tafiyar kusan kilomita 100 (idan yanayin hanya ba shi da inganci, to maye gurbin zai ragu - bayan kimanin dubu 000-50);
• Baya ya bayyana, motar ta zama ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba ta da sauƙi ta tuki;
• Tsarin taya na taya yana lalacewa ba daidai ba (ya kamata a tuna cewa wannan na iya zama sakamakon wasu matsaloli ne, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin dabam labarin);
• Damagedunƙwasawa na lever sun lalace.

Yin aikin kiyaye motar a kan lokaci da inganci, mai motar zai kauce wa ɓarnar da ba dole ba a kan gyaran sassan da ba su iso ba tukuna.

Bidiyo: "Nau'i da maye gurbin tubalan shiru"

Wannan bidiyon yana magana ne akan nau'ikan tubalan shiru daban-daban da kuma tsarin maye gurbinsu:

Sauyawa tubalan shiru. Nau'in tubalan shiru

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Me zai faru idan ba a canza tubalan shiru ba? Sakamakon fashewar shingen shiru, hannun dakatarwa ya zama karkace. Sakamakon karuwar koma baya, wurin hawan hinge ya karye, wanda zai haifar da karyewar dukkan ledar.

ЧMe kullin shiru yake yi? Da farko dai, waɗannan abubuwa suna haɗa sassan dakatarwar motar. Lokacin motsi, girgiza yana faruwa tsakanin waɗannan sassa. Tsarin shiru yana tausasa waɗannan girgizar.

Me yasa ake kiran block ɗin shiru? Daga Ingilishi shiru block - kullin shiru. Abu ne da ba ya rabuwa da bushings guda biyu da ke da alaƙa da ɓarna.

Menene bushings na hannun gaba don? Tun da akwai wani abu mai laushi (rubber ko silicone) a cikin ginin shingen shiru, yana rage girgiza da girgiza da ke faruwa a cikin levers ta hanyar haɗa sassan dakatarwa.