Menene batun canja wuri kuma menene don shi

Akwatin jigilar kaya wani naúrar da babu makawa an sanya shi a cikin SUVs da wasu manyan motoci. Godiya gareshi, gaba da na baya suna da alaƙa da juna, wanda tabbas yana taimakawa wajen shawo kan cikas. Na gaba, la'akari da fasalulluka na ƙira, manufa, bari mu gano yadda mai rarrabawa ke aiki.

Menene batun canja wurin mota

Canja wurin gearbox - naúrar da ke rarraba juzu'i tsakanin tuƙi da tuƙi, ko axles da yawa. Har ila yau, razdatka yana ba ku damar kashe kullun da aka yi amfani da shi, ƙananan kuma ƙara yawan kayan aiki, wanda ke nufin yana da nasa bambanci, wanda zai iya zama mai kullewa. Babban aikin shi ne ƙara ƙarfin ƙetare na mota inda babu hanyoyi kwata-kwata. 

Me yasa aka fitar da mota 

Batun canza wuri yana da mahimmanci mahimmanci daga hanya. Ta hanyar toshe banbancin cibiyar, yana haɗa duwalai, kuma yana rarraba karfin juzu'i a kan sandunan. Don ƙarin sakamako mai ƙarfi a cikin gadoji, yana amfani da maɓallin keɓaɓɓiyar maɓalli daban-daban. Mafi sauƙi razdatka yana aiki ta yadda za a sake rarraba ƙoƙari bisa ga ƙa'idar "inda akwai ƙarin lodi a kan dabaran". 

Ga motocin motsa jiki da aka kera tare da tsarin tuka-tuka duka, a baya an shigar da akwatin canja wuri ba tare da an saukar da shi ba, wanda da kyar yake haɗa igiyoyin biyu, yana rarraba ƙarfin 50:50 ko kuma a wani yanayi. A cikin irin waɗannan motocin na zamani, maimakon na gargajiya da ake amfani da su, ana amfani da "kwaikwayo" a cikin hanyar kamawar lantarki, wanda ke jawowa ta hanyar zamewa ko sauya kaifi a cikin ƙafafun. Don motoci masu ƙarfi, ana buƙatar tuki mai ƙafa huɗu don matsakaicin riko da ingantaccen hanzari, kuma kawai idan ana amfani da RCP, ana iya cire akushin ɗaya.

Canja wurin kayan aiki

Shari'ar canja wuri mai sauƙi ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:

• jikin karfe wanda ke haɗe da jiki ko subframe ta matashi;
• shaft na tuƙi - yana watsa juzu'i daga akwatin gear zuwa ginshiƙan cardan;
• bambancin tsakiya, wanda ke rarraba karfin juyi tsakanin igiyoyin ruwa;
• kulle bambanci - yana gyara juzu'in kwalayen gear;
• sarka ko kaya;
• dakin mai;
• dabaran gear na kayan raguwa da kuma aiki tare, wanda ke bada damar kunna "saukar da shi" a cikin motsi;
• tsarin sarrafawa (levers, servo, hydraulic);
• shaft giya don karfin juzu'i watsa.

Rarrabawa yana aiki kamar haka:

• daga gearbox shank, ana watsa karfin juzu'in zuwa mashigar shigarwar gearbox din na hannu, sannan zuwa masu matsakaici saboda tsayin daka na aiki na giya biyu;
• gear, wanda ke kan shaft mai motsi, abin motsawa ne, sabili da haka, lokacin da yake motsawa, ana kunna tudu huɗu;
• an kunna motsi mai ƙafa huɗu.

Iri-iri na kayan karatu

Ta nau'in aikace-aikacen, akwai nau'ikan watsa shirye-shiryen 4:

• RCP tare da coaxial shafts - tsarin yana da amfani sosai, saboda yana ba da damar yin amfani da motar ƙarshe mai canzawa;
• tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin tuƙi - an bambanta shi ta hanyar aminci, rashin ƙarancin ƙwanƙwasa, saboda wannan watsawar hannu yana da ƙarfi;
• tare da makullin tuƙi - mai girma don kashe-hanya, duk da haka, za a ƙara yawan lalacewa a kan hanya saboda zamewar gefe ɗaya na ƙafafun lokacin da ake yin kusurwa, don kauce wa wannan, an kashe axle na gaba;
• razdatka tare da bambanci - yana ba da damar ƙafafu don juyawa a hanyoyi daban-daban, tabbatar da lafiyar motsi a kan hanyar kwalta a cikin yanayin 4WD.

Nau'ikan bambancin cibiyar

Dangane da tsarin kulle-kulle, an rarraba shari'ar canja wuri zuwa fannoni da yawa:

• Haldex friction Multi-plated clutch - yana aiki ta atomatik lokacin da ɗayan ƙafafun ya zame, a cikin wannan yanayin an danne clutches kuma wani ɓangaren toshewa yana faruwa, wani ɓangare na lokacin an canza shi zuwa ga baya ko gaba. Ana amfani dashi akan SUVs da SUVs;
• haɗaɗɗiyar danko mai sauƙi ne, amma abin dogaro, wanda ya ƙunshi fayafai da yawa da ruwan silicone. Ana haɗa fayafai zuwa gadoji, tare da bambanci a cikin jujjuyawar su, ruwa ya zama danko kuma ya haɗa su, ana kunna motar ƙafa huɗu. Babban hasara shine zafi mai zafi da rashin lokaci;
• Torsen - ana amfani da su akan cikakkun SUVs, inda kayan tsutsa ke da alhakin toshewa. Suna zame ƙasa da ƙasa, amma ba su watsa fiye da 80% na juzu'i ba, suna barin 20% don gatari da aka ja. 

Canja wurin sarrafa akwati

Tare da haɗin haɗi na gadar Lokaci, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, akwai mai lever mai yanayin aiki huɗu:

• 2H - tuƙi zuwa gaba ko baya;
• 4H ko 4WD - duk-dabaran drive;
• N - tsaka tsaki, ana amfani dashi don canzawa zuwa ƙasa;
• 4L - yanayin amfani a cikin hanya mai nauyi, inda ake buƙata don rage ƙarfin, yana ba da ƙwanƙwasa mafi kyau a ƙafafun.

Yanayin sauyawa tare da dindindin masu taya huɗu:

• H - motar ƙafa huɗu, lokacin yana rarraba ta atomatik dangane da nauyin da ke kan ƙafafun ko axles;
• HL - motar ƙafa huɗu + kulle bambancin tsakiya;
• L0 ko LL - ƙananan kaya tare da toshewa;
• N - tsaka tsaki.

Akan SUVs na zamani, an maye gurbin lever mai sarrafawa da mai wanki, kuma servo ce ke da alhakin kunna yanayin, kuma sashin kula da harka din hadaka yana taimakawa wajen zabar yanayin da ake so, ya danganta da dalilai da yawa.

Manyan ayyuka

Tunda yanayin shigar da kaya yana fuskantar manyan kaya yayin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, abubuwan su na iya tsufa sosai idan ba a kiyaye su da kyau ba.

Anan akwai manyan laifofi da zaɓuɓɓukan magance matsala:

Malfunction	Ta yaya yake bayyana	Yadda za a magance matsala
Giya ba daidai aka gyara ba, ƙaramin shafawa, sa kaya	Ana jin kara mai ƙarfi yayin tuki cikin sauri	Sake cika man fetur, gyara gaba ko baya daban
Tsakanin jigilar akwatin da akwatin ya dami, nakasassu na kusoshi ko flanges na haduwa, rashin matsin lamba na akwatin sauyawa da tallafi na gearbox, matsalar rashin aiki na katon hadin gwiwa, ginshikinsa bai daidaita ba, kusoshin injin na injin din an kwance, gaban katon ko na baya ba a daidaita ba, banbancin banbanci daidai	Lokacin da motar ta hanzarta ko ta fara motsi, ana jin motsi a cikin ƙasa (wanda aka watsa daga yanayin canja wurin)	Gano abin da dalili yake aiki a halin yanzu; daidaita sassan, gyara madaidaiciyar injiniya, saita aiki tare na gearbox da fitarwa ta hannu
Satellites masu banbanci suna juyawa sosai, giya jam a tsakiyar bambancin, lalata aikin saman kayan duniya a cikin banbancin, tasa daban ta gaji	Surutu lokacin da ake yin kwalliya ko lokacin da motar ke juyawa	Sauya sassan da suka lalace, duba ratar gear
Bambanci yana sawa ko gyara ba daidai ba bayan shigarwa, cibiya ko kama gidaje an kama, cokali mai yatsu ko lanƙwasa sanda, canja lever drive lever ya nakasa ko kama	Kulle bambancin ra'ayi na faruwa	Bincika matakin mai, daidaita injin, maye gurbin kayan da suka lalace
Developmentaddamar da kamawa da giya akan haƙoran, bazarar da ke kan ɗamarar ta karye ko ɓata dukiyar bazara a kan ɗakunan, abubuwan sarrafawa sun lalace ko sun karye, an sami ɓarna a kan ƙwanƙolin akwatin ko giya na akwatin, ratayoyin da ke cikin yanayin canza wurin ya ƙaru, watsa kayan aiki na mashin ya lalace ko an keta daidaituwarsa	Akwai kashewa ba gaira ba dalili	Bincika idan maɓallin kewayawa ya ta'allaka da baƙon abubuwa a cikin fasinjan fasinja, bincika, maye gurbin kayan aiki, daidaita daidaiton aikin
Saka man like da like	Mai na malalewa	Sauya gasket da kayan aiki da hatimai

Yana da kyau ayi la'akari da cewa yawancin lalacewa sakamakon keta dokokin ƙa'idodin canjin mai, da kuma rashin amfani da gearbox. Baya ga kulawa da aka tsara, idan koda wata 'yar karamar karkacewa ta bayyana, ya zama dole a bincika tsananta makullin tallafi sannan a dauki motar zuwa ga kwararre don a iya aiwatar da cikakken bincike na inji.

Kari kan haka, kalli bidiyon game da aiki da rashin aikin yi na littafin:

Fassarar littafin Niva Vaz 21214.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene bambanci tsakanin shari'ar canja wuri da akwatin gear? An shigar da akwatin gear a duk motoci. Ana shigar da razdatka ne kawai a cikin motocin tuƙi masu ƙarfi don daidaitaccen rarraba juzu'i tare da axles.

Menene aikin akwatin canja wuri? Dangane da nau'in tuƙi mai motsi, yanayin canja wuri yana rarraba juzu'i tare da axles kuma yana ƙaruwa don shawo kan yanayin kashe hanya.

Ina akwatin canja wuri yake? Ana shigar da akwatin canja wuri bayan akwatin gear. Shafi yana fitowa daga cikinsa, yana zuwa ƙarin gatari. Shari'ar canja wuri tare da taimakon saukowa yana iya ƙara haɓakawa a kan axle.

Wane irin mai ne za a cike a cikin akwati na canja wuri? Ya dogara da nau'in watsawa. Canje-canjen injina suna amfani da man gear. Idan an shigar da watsawa ta atomatik, to ana zuba ATF a cikin akwati na canja wuri.