Piston inji - abin da yake da shi da kuma abin da yake da shi

Injinan konewa na zamani yana da hadadden tsari idan aka kwatanta da analogs da aka ƙera a wayewar garin masana'antar kera motoci. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa masana'antun suna shigar da ƙarin tsarin lantarki akan sashin wuta don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, tattalin arziki da inganci.

Duk da wayon tsarin lantarki, na'urar ICE ta kasance kusan ba ta canzawa. Babban abubuwan ƙungiyar sune:

• Hanyar Crank;
• Kungiyar silinda-piston;
• Sha da shaye-shaye da yawa;
• Tsarin rarraba gas;
• Tsarin lubrication na injin.

Hanyoyi kamar su crank da rarraba gas dole ne a daidaita su. Ana samun wannan saboda godiya. Zai iya zama bel ko sarkar.

Kowane sashin injina yana yin aiki mai mahimmanci, ba tare da wanzuwar aiki (ko gabaɗaya aiki) na ƙungiyar ƙarfin ba zai yiwu ba. Yi la'akari da irin aikin da fistan yake yi a cikin motar, da kuma tsarinsa.

Menene piston injin?

An shigar da wannan ɓangaren a duk injunan ƙone ciki. Ba tare da shi ba, ba shi yiwuwa a tabbatar da juyawar crankshaft. Ba tare da la'akari da sauye-sauyen naúrar ba (bugun biyu ko huɗu), aikin piston baya canzawa.

An haɗa wannan yanki na silinda a sandar haɗawa, wanda kuma aka gyara shi zuwa ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa. Yana ba ka damar sauya makamashin da aka saki sakamakon konewa.

Ana kiran sararin saman piston dakin aiki. Duk bugun Injin mota yana faruwa a ciki (misalin canji huɗu):

• Ana buɗe bawul ɗin shan iska kuma an gauraye shi da mai (a cikin tsarin carburetor na yanayi) ko kuma an sha iska da kanta (misali, ana shan iska a cikin injin dizal, kuma ana bayar da mai bayan an matse ƙarar zuwa matakin da ake so);
• Lokacin da fiston ya motsa sama, ana rufe dukkan bawul, cakuran ba inda za shi, an matse shi;
• A mafi girman matsayi (wanda kuma ake kira matacce), ana bayar da walƙiya zuwa gaɗaɗɗen cakudadden iska. Wani kaifin saki mai kuzari yana samuwa a cikin rami (cakuda yana ƙonewa), wanda ke haifar da faɗaɗawa, wanda ke motsa piston zuwa ƙasa;
• Da zaran ya kai ga mafi ƙarancin wuri, bawul ɗin shaye-shayen yana buɗewa kuma ana cire iskar gas ɗin ta cikin hanyoyin sharar da yawa.

Hanyoyi masu kama da juna ana yin su ta dukkan abubuwa na ƙungiyar piston injin, kawai tare da wani ƙaura, wanda ke tabbatar da juyawar ƙwanƙwasa na crankshaft.

Saboda matsi tsakanin ganuwar silinda da piston O-ring, an ƙirƙiri matsin lamba, saboda wannan maɓallin yana motsawa zuwa tsakiyar mataccen ƙasa. Tunda piston na kusa da silinda yake ci gaba da juya crankshaft, farkon motsi a cikin silinda zuwa saman matacciyar cibiyar. Wannan shine yadda motsi mai gudana ya tashi.

Zane fistan

Wasu mutane suna nufin piston a matsayin tarin ɓangarorin da aka haɗe da ƙwanƙwasa. A zahiri, wannan wani abu ne mai fasalin silinda, wanda ke ɗaukar kayan inji yayin ɓarkewar ƙwayar mai da iska a ƙarshen bugun matsawa.

Kayan piston ya hada da:

• kasa;
• o-ring grooves;
• siket

Fiston yana haɗe da sandar haɗawa tare da fil ɗin ƙarfe. Kowane kashi yana da aikinsa.

Ƙasa

Wannan ɓangaren ɓangaren yana ɗaukar ƙarfin inji da na thermal. Yana da ƙananan iyakar ɗakin aiki, wanda duk matakan da ke sama suke faruwa. Kasan ba koyaushe bane. Yanayinsa ya dogara da ƙirar motar da aka shigar da ita.

Sakin hatimi

A wannan bangare, an shigar da man shafawa na man fetur da zobban matsewa. Suna samarda matsattsun matsakaita tsakanin silinda na maɓallin silinda, saboda hakan, a kan lokaci, ba manyan abubuwan injin ɗin ba, amma zobba masu maye gurbinsu, sun lalace.

Mafi kyawun gyare-gyare shine don zobba uku-zobba: zobba na matsewa biyu da man shafawa mai ɗaya. Latterarshen yana daidaita man shafawa na bangon silinda. Saitin ƙasa da ɓangaren hatimi galibi ana kiransa piston kai da injiniyoyin kai tsaye.

Skirt

Wannan ɓangaren ɓangaren yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen matsayi tsaye. Bangon siket ɗin yana jagorantar fistan kuma yana hana shi birgima, wanda zai hana rarraba kayan inji daidai da bangon silinda.

Babban ayyukan fistan

Babban aikin fiston shine tursasa crankshaft ta hanyar tura sandar haɗawa. Wannan aikin yana faruwa lokacin da cakuda mai da iska ke ƙonewa. Surfaceasan shimfidar ƙasa yana ɗauke da duk wata damuwa ta inji.

Baya ga wannan aikin, wannan ɓangaren yana da wasu ƙarin kaddarorin:

• Alamar rufe ɗakin aiki a cikin silinda, saboda abin da ingancinsa daga fashewar ke da matsakaicin kashi (wannan ma'aunin ya dogara da matakin matsawa da adadin matsawa). Idan O-zobba sun ƙare, matsi yana wahala, kuma a lokaci guda aikin naúrar wuta yana raguwa;
• Sanyi dakin aiki. Wannan aikin ya cancanci wani labarin daban, amma a takaice, lokacin da aka kunna shi a cikin silinda, zazzabin ya tashi da sauri zuwa digiri dubu 2. Don hana sashin narkewa daga gare shi, yana da matukar mahimmanci cire zafi. Ana yin wannan aikin ta zoben hatimi, fil ɗin piston tare da sandar haɗawa. Amma babban matattarar zafi shine mai da wani sabon ɓangare na cakuda-mai.

Nau'in piston

Zuwa yau, masana'antun sun haɓaka babban adadi daban-daban na gyaran piston. Babban aiki a wannan yanayin shine isa ga "ma'anar zinariya" tsakanin raguwar lalacewar sassan, yawan aiki na sashin da isasshen sanyin abubuwan haɗin.

Ana buƙatar ƙarin zobba masu faɗi don piston ya huce mafi kyau. Amma tare da wannan, ingancin motar yana raguwa, tunda wani ɓangare na makamashi zai tafi don shawo kan mafi ƙarfin tashin hankali.

Ta hanyar zane, duk piston ya kasu kashi biyu:

• Don injina biyu-biyu. Inasan cikin su yana da sifa mai faɗi, don haka inganta cire kayayyakin ƙonewa da cika ɗakin aiki.
• Don injina huɗu. A cikin irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren, ƙasan zai kasance mai ƙwanƙwasa ko lebur. Rukuni na farko ya fi aminci lokacin da aka canza lokacin bawul din - koda tare da bawul ɗin a buɗe, fishon ba zai yi karo da shi ba, tunda akwai ramuka masu daidaita a ciki. Hakanan, waɗannan abubuwan suna samar da mafi kyawun cakudawar a cikin ɗakin aiki.

Pistons don injunan dizal nau'ikan bangarori ne daban. Da fari dai, sun fi ƙarfin analogues don gas ɗin injina masu ƙone ciki. Wannan ya zama dole saboda dole ne a ƙirƙiri matsin lamba sama da sararin samaniya 20 cikin silinda. Saboda tsananin yanayin zafi da matsin lamba, piston na al'ada zai ruguje.

Abu na biyu, irin waɗannan piston galibi suna da hutu na musamman da ake kira ɗakunan konewa na piston. Suna haifar da rikice-rikice akan bugun shaye-shaye, suna samar da ingantaccen sanyaya na mai ruɓaɓɓe tare da haɓakar mai / iska mai inganci.

Hakanan akwai wani rarrabuwa na waɗannan abubuwan:

• 'Yan wasa Ana yin su ta hanyar jefawa cikin kwandon shara, wanda za'a sarrafa shi akan lathes. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan ƙirar a cikin motocin haske;
• Teamsungiyoyin ƙasa. Waɗannan sassan an haɗo su daga sassa daban-daban, wanda ke ba da damar haɗuwa da kayan don abubuwan mutum na piston (alal misali, ana iya yin siket ɗin da gami da allurar aluminium, kuma kasan na iya zama na baƙin ƙarfe ko ƙarfe). Saboda tsada da sarkakiyar zane, ba a shigar da irin waɗannan piston ɗin a cikin ƙananan injina ba. Babban aikace-aikacen irin wannan gyare-gyaren shine manyan injunan konewa na ciki da ke aiki akan man dizal.

Abubuwan buƙatu don piston injin

Domin piston ya jimre da aikin sa, dole ne a cika waɗannan buƙatu yayin ƙera shi:

1. Dole ne ya yi tsayayya da nauyin zafin jiki mai yawa, yayin da yake ba ta da nakasa a ƙarƙashin matsi na inji, don haka ingancin motar ba ya faɗuwa tare da canjin yanayin zafin jiki, kayan dole ne su sami babban coefficient na faɗaɗawa;
2. Abubuwan da aka sanya ɓangaren daga su kada su gaji da sauri sakamakon aiwatar da aikin ɗaukar hannun riga;
3. Fisen yakamata ya zama mai haske, saboda yayin da yawan yake ƙaruwa sakamakon rashin aiki, nauyin da ke kan sandar haɗawa da crank yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.

Lokacin zabar sabon fistan, yana da matukar mahimmanci la'akari da shawarwarin masana'antun, in ba haka ba injin ɗin zai sami ƙarin lodi ko ma ya rasa kwanciyar hankali.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene pistons ke yi a cikin injin? A cikin silinda, suna yin motsi mai maimaitawa saboda konewar cakuda man iska da tasiri akan ƙugiya daga pistons da ke kusa suna motsawa ƙasa.

Wane irin pistons ne akwai? Tare da siket ɗin sinadirai da asymmetrical tare da kauri daban-daban na ƙasa. Akwai pistons na faɗaɗa sarrafawa, thermal auto, atomatik, duoterm, tare da baffles, tare da siket ɗin beveled, Evotec, ƙirƙira aluminum.

Menene fasalin ƙirar fistan? Pistons sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin siffar ba, har ma a cikin adadin ramummuka don shigar da O-zobba. Siket ɗin piston na iya zama tapered ko sifar ganga.