Flywheel: har ma da ingantaccen aikin injiniya

Injin konewa na cikin gida ya kasance mafi ingancin ƙarfin wuta a cikin motoci. Tare da wannan rukunin, zaku iya rufe kowane nesa kuma ku more tafiya ba tare da ɓata lokaci mai yawa ba da mai.

Koyaya, don fara motar da tabbatar da saurin hanzari, dole ne ya sami sashi na musamman. Wannan shi ne yawo. Yi la'akari da dalilin da yasa ake buƙata a cikin motar, waɗanne nau'ikan keɓaɓɓun ƙaho ake samu, da kuma yadda ake aiki da shi daidai don kada ya gaza gabanin lokaci.

Menene motar tashi ta motar mota?

A sauƙaƙe, injin ƙwanƙwasa inji mai haƙori ne. An haɗe shi zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen crankshaft. Wannan bangare yana hada motar da watsa motar. Don tabbatar da cewa karfin juyi an watsa shi cikin sauƙi zuwa saurin gearbox, an shigar da kwandon kama tsakanin hanyoyin. Yana matsa faifan rikitarwa akan abubuwa masu tashi, wanda ke ba da damar watsa karfin juyi daga motar zuwa mashin gearbox.

Ka'idar motar tashi

Whearfin ƙaho ana gyara shi zuwa ƙwanƙwasa a cikin kusanci zuwa babban ɗaukar. Dogaro da ƙirar faifan, tana ramawa don rawar jiki yayin juyawar abin ɗamarar na'urar. Yawancin ƙawannin tashi sama na zamani suna sanye da kayan bazara, wanda ke aiki kamar damp lokacin da injin ya yi birgima.

Lokacin da injin yake cikin hutawa, ana amfani da kwandon jirgi don crankshaft. A wannan yanayin, yana aiki ne bisa ƙa'idar hanyar farawa ta hannu don tsofaffin motoci (an saka lever ɗin a cikin rami na musamman a cikin injin ɗin, wanda ya ba direba damar crankshaft ɗin ya fara injin ƙonewa na ciki).

Flywheel zane

Yawancin kwalliyar kwando ba su da rikitarwa a cikin zane. A cikin motoci da yawa, wannan kwalliya ce mai nauyi, mai nauyin hakora a ƙarshen. An haɗe shi zuwa ƙwanƙolin ƙarshen ƙwanƙwasawa tare da kusoshi.

Tare da ƙaruwa cikin ƙarfin sassan ƙarfin wuta da ƙaruwa a cikin iyakar saurinsu, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar ɓangarorin zamani waɗanda tuni suna da ƙirar hadaddun. Ana iya kiransu da tsari mai ƙarancin tsari, kuma ba ɓangare na yau da kullun ba.

Matsayi da wuri na ƙwanƙwasa a cikin injin

Dogaro da ƙirar, ban da aikin tuki don watsawa, ƙwallon ƙafa yana da wasu matsayi:

• Taushin vibrations tare da juyawa mara kyau. Masana'antu suna ƙoƙari su rarraba lokacin bugun jini a cikin silinda masu ƙonewa na ciki don crankshaft yana juyawa da ƙaramar gudu. Duk da wannan, har yanzu akwai rawar girgizar ƙasa (ƙananan piston a cikin motar, mafi bayyane girgizar zata kasance). Dole ne ƙawannin tashi sama na zamani suyi danshi irin wannan rawar kamar yadda ya yiwu don hana saurin gearbox. Don wannan, ƙirarta tana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da yawa na ƙarfi daban-daban. Suna ba da haɓaka mai sauƙi cikin dakaru koda tare da aiki kwatsam na ƙungiyar.
• Transmission of karfin juyi daga motar zuwa mashin din watsawa. Wannan tsari yana tabbatar da kwandon kama. A ciki, ana kafe faifan da aka kera shi sosai a saman gogayya ta iska ta amfani da injin matsi.
• Yana bayar da canja wurin karfin juyi daga Starter zuwa crankshaft lokacin fara injin. A saboda wannan dalili, an ɗora kambi mai tashi da hakora waɗanda ke ɗauke da kayan aikin farawa.
• Sauya sauye-sauye suna ba da ƙarfi don rage ƙarancin tsarin. Wannan yana ba ka damar cire piston ɗin cikin sanyin jiki (saman ko ƙasa).

Flywheels galibi ana sanya su nauyi yadda zasu iya adana karamin adadin kuzarin karfi lokacin da silinda ke fuskantar faduwar jini. Wannan sinadarin ya dawo da wannan kuzarin ne zuwa crankshaft, ta yadda zai saukaka aikin sauran shanyewar jiki guda uku (ci, matsi da sakin jiki).

Iri-iri na tashi

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, a cikin tsofaffin motoci an yi kwalliyar ta baƙin ƙarfe ne, a ƙarshen abin da aka danna zoben gear a kanta. Tare da ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci da haɓaka halaye na ikon sassan raka'a, an sami sabbin keɓaɓɓun iska waɗanda suka bambanta da juna cikin inganci.

Daga dukkan nau'ikan, guda uku sun bambanta:

• Matsakaici-taro;
• Matsakaici-biyu;
• Nauyin nauyi.

Single taro flywheels

Yawancin injunan konewa na ciki suna sanye da irin wannan kwaskwarimar tashi. Yawancin waɗannan sassan an yi su ne da ƙarfe ko ƙarfe. Akwai babban rami a wurin da aka makala wa shank crankshaft, kuma ana yin ramuka na rataye don kusoshin hawa a kan gidajen da ke kewaye da shi. Tare da taimakon su, ɓangaren yana da tabbaci akan madaidaicin kusa da babban ɗaukar.

A waje akwai dandamali don tuntuɓar diski na kamawa (saman gogayya). Ana amfani da kambi a ƙarshen ɓangaren kawai lokacin da injin ya fara.

A yayin aikin masana'antu a masana'anta, irin waɗannan fayafayan suna daidaita don kawar da ƙarin faɗakarwa yayin aikin inji. Ana samun daidaituwa ta cire wani ɓangaren ƙarfe daga farfajiyar (galibi ana huda rami daidai da shi).

Dual-taro flywheels

Matsakaici-biyu ko dusar ƙwallon ƙaho ya fi rikitarwa. Kowane mai ƙera ƙira yana ƙoƙarin haɓaka ƙimar irin waɗannan gyare-gyare, wanda zai iya haifar da zane daban-daban na samfuran daban-daban. Babban abubuwa a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin sune:

• Kore faifai. An kafa jigon gear a kanta.
• Jagoran faifai An haɗe shi zuwa flange mai ƙwanƙwasa.
• Torsional vibration dampers. Suna kasancewa tsakanin fayafai guda biyu kuma anyi su ne ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ƙarfe na ƙarfe daban-daban.
• Giya. An shigar da waɗannan abubuwa a cikin hadaddun ƙaho masu tashi. Suna aiki azaman kayan duniya.

Irin waɗannan gyare-gyare sun fi tsada fiye da kayan kwalliyar kwalliya. Koyaya, suna sauƙaƙa watsawar don aiki (samar da iyakar santsi) kuma suna hana lalacewa saboda firgita da rawar jiki yayin tuƙi.

Wheaho mara nauyi

Wheawon tashi mai nauyin nauyi nau'i ne na takwaransa ɗaya. Bambanci kawai tsakanin waɗannan sassan shine siffar su. Don rage nauyi, masana'anta na cire wasu ƙarfe daga babban fuskar diski.

Ana amfani da irin waɗannan ƙawancen don kunna motoci. Godiya ga nauyin diski mai sauƙi, ya fi sauƙi ga motar ta isa iyakar rpm. Koyaya, ana haɓaka wannan haɓaka koyaushe tare da sauran magudi tare da injin da watsawa.

A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun, ba a sanya irin waɗannan abubuwan ba, tunda sun ɗan dakatar da aikin motar. A cikin sauri mafi sauri wannan ba haka ba ne sananne, amma a ƙananan saurin, matsaloli masu tsanani da rashin dacewa na iya tashi.

Flywheel aiki da yiwuwar aiki

Gabaɗaya, kwandon jirgi ɗayan amintattun kayan aikin injiniya ne. Mafi yawanci, kayan aikinta suna kama da na rukunin wutar. Dogaro da kayan aiki da masana'anta, waɗannan sassan suna kula da kilomita dubu 350 ko fiye.

Mafi mawuyacin matsala na ƙawancen tashi shine haƙoran gear. Albarkatun wannan bangaren kai tsaye ya dogara da lafiyar mai farawa. Hakori daga yawan amfani da mai farawa zai iya karyewa ko kuma ya gaji. Idan irin wannan lalacewar ta auku, to zaku iya siyan sabon kambi ku girka maimakon tsohon. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a cire duk faifan daga injin, kuma bayan gyara, an sake shigar da su, kawai suna amfani da sabbin ƙusoshi.

Wani rashin nasarar ƙawancen ƙawancen ƙawancen shine zafin rana na yanayin gogayya. Wannan yakan faru ne yayin aiwatar da aiki mara kyau na motar da ke haɗuwa da ƙeta dokokin ƙaura don canzawa (alal misali, ƙwanƙolin kamawa bai cika damuwa ba).

Hewan zafi fiye da kima na iya sa faif ɗin ya warke ko ya tsage. Ofaya daga cikin alamun wannan matsalar rashin aiki shine saurin gudu na kamawa a cikin wani kewayon kewayon. Hakanan yana tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Idan direban ya ƙone kama ɗin ya maye gurbin shi da sabon nan da nan, babu buƙatar canza ƙwanƙwasa.

Samfurori biyu-biyu suna yin kasawa sau da yawa, saboda akwai ƙarin ƙarin ɓangarori a cikin ƙirar su. Guguwar bazara na iya fashewa, malalar mai, ko gazawar ɗaukar nauyi (wannan ba safai ba ne, amma yana faruwa a cikin wannan jeri).

Wani dalilin kuma na sanya kwalliyar kwalliya shine maye gurbin lokacin kamawar diski. A wannan yanayin, rivets ɗin zasu tayar da ɓangaren ɓangaren, sakamakon da ba za a iya kawar da shi ba, kawai ta maye gurbin ɓangaren.

Salon tuki kuma zai iya shafar rayuwar kwando. Misali, idan direba ya tuka mota a taƙaitaccen gudu akan dogon zango, faɗuwa daga naúrar tana ƙaruwa, wanda hakan na iya lalata abubuwan hawa hawa. Wasu masu ababen hawa suna farawa da dakatar da injin ba tare da rage ƙwanƙolin kamawa ba.

Ba a yin hidimar tashi ba daban. Ainihin, ana yin wannan aikin yayin maye gurbin kamawa. A wannan yanayin, ana aiwatar da duba gani na ɓangaren. Idan babu lahani, ba abin da aka yi. Idan aka ji sautin niƙa, to ya zama wajibi a ja motar zuwa tashar sabis don kada dishin ɗin da ya lalace ya karye saman ƙwanƙolin.

Shin ana iya gyara kwalliyar tashi?

Wannan tambayar galibi tana damuwa ne da ƙawancen ƙarfe biyu. Idan ci gaba da gyare-gyare ya ci gaba, ana canza shi kawai zuwa sabo. Matsayi na yau da kullun bashi da tsada sosai don yin irin wannan tambayar.

Koyaya, sauye sauye masu tsada sukan haifar da irin wannan la'akari. Wasu kwararru suna nika saman gogayya don cire duk wata damuwa da lalacewar diski ta kama. A mafi yawan lokuta, irin wannan gyaran ba ya kawo sakamakon da ake so. Thinarfin gogayya daga manyan lodi na iya fashewa, wanda zai haifar da ba kawai maye gurbin ƙwanƙolin jirgi ba, har ma da gyaran kama.

Wasu karatuttukan bita na ba da kwaskwarima don gyara tsada mai tsada don kuɗi kaɗan. Koyaya, wannan ma hanya ce mai ma'ana. Gaskiyar ita ce ban da kambi, ba a siyar da kowane yanki mai rarrafe daban. Saboda wannan dalili, irin wannan aikin "maidowa" abin tambaya ne.

A ƙarshe, yana da kyau a lura cewa tare da yin amfani da hankali da kamawa da salon tuki, ba za a sami matsaloli tare da ƙawancen tashi ba. Idan ba kasafai ake amfani da inji ba, to, zaku iya yin tunani game da girke ƙawancen tashi. A wasu lokuta, analogs masu ƙarfi za su zama abin dogara.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene maƙasudin ƙwanƙolin tashi a cikin injin konewa na ciki? Wannan faifai, wanda aka ɗora a kan crankshaft, yana ba da ƙarfin inertial (yana daidaita jujjuyawar shaft), yana ba da damar fara injin (kambi a ƙarshen) kuma yana watsa juzu'i zuwa akwatin gear.

Menene mashin tashi na mota? Wannan faifan diski ne wanda ke makale da crankshaft na motar. Dangane da gyare-gyaren, ƙwallon ƙafa na iya zama taro ɗaya (m disk) ko dual-mass (ɓangare biyu tare da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a tsakanin su).

Yaya tsawon lokacin da keken tashi ya kasance? Ya dogara da yanayin aiki na motar. Maɗaukaki ɗaya sau da yawa yana aiki muddin injin konewa na ciki da kansa. Sigar taro biyu tana kula da matsakaicin kilomita dubu 150-200.