Menene abin hawa
Abubuwa
A cikin 1896, majagaba biyu na masana'antar kera motoci sun fara muhimmin babi a tarihin sufurin hanya. A wannan shekara, an ba da motar motar farko ta duniya daga Daimler, Motoren-Gesellschaft ga abokin ciniki a London.
Wannan motar ta fito da injin Inen-silinda na Phoenix wanda ya haɓaka saurin 7 mph kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 1500. Akwai tambayoyi da yawa game da ko motar ta kasance babbar mota ce ko kuma motace, amma bisa ƙa'idodin yau, wannan zai iya ɗaukar ɗaukar motar.
A cikin wannan shekarar, Karl Benz ya kirkiro wata mota mai kama da bango wacce aka gina akan shagon keken hawa na mota irin tasa. Anyi amfani dashi don isar da kaya zuwa babban shagon dake Faris.
A zahiri, a cikin shekarun 1950 da 60s ne kawai manyan masana'antun suka fara tsarawa, haɓakawa da kuma samar da ƙirar motocin da muka sani a yau, yawancinsu har yanzu suna cikin samarwa.
Misali, Volkswagen Type 2 (T1), wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 1950, shine ƙarni na farko na motocin VW Transporter. Wannan alamar motar har yanzu tana cikin samarwa kuma a yanzu ta kai matsayin T6.
A halin yanzu, Ford na farko da ya sanya sanannen alamar "Transit" wata mota ce da aka gina a masana'antar Cologne a 1953. Duk da haka, wannan motar ba a fitar da ita ko'ina ba kuma an yi amfani da alamar "Mark 1" a cikin motar Ford na Burtaniya da aka samar tsakanin 1965 zuwa 1978.
Mota ita ce mafi yawan nau'in abin hawa da ake amfani da ita don jigilar kayayyaki ko mutane. Yawanci yana kusan siffar cubic, tsayi da tsayi fiye da motoci amma ƙanƙanta da manyan motoci. Ana shigar da shingen kaya a bayan kujerun gaba na manyan motoci da yawa don hana rauni da ke haifar da raguwar abin hawa ba zato ba tsammani ko yin tir da kaya. Wani lokaci ana sanya ƙofofi da shingen kaya waɗanda ke ba direbobi damar wucewa ta wurin da abin hawa ke ciki. Kalmar van ga motoci ta bayyana a matsayin saba wa kalmar ayari. Bisa ga ma’anar farkon karusar, keken keke ce da aka rufe da ake amfani da ita wajen jigilar kaya.
Wadannan motocin ba daga zamanin da suka shude ba ne. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa sun fi son siyan motocin haya yayin da suke ba da sarari mai yawa, yin tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali kuma hanya ce mai aminci ta sufuri. Wannan babbar mota ce ga manyan iyalai. Dangane da bukatun masu siye, akwai motocin haya da yawa a kasuwa: manyan motoci, fasinja, karamar bas da sauran su. Wasu shahararrun motocin da ake iya gani akan tituna yanzu sune Nissan Quest LE, Toyota Sienna XLE, Subaru 360 van.
Van: fasali na musamman
Idan mutum bai kware sosai akan motoci ba, amma zai so fahimtar motar kusa da shi ko motar talakawa, ya isa ya fahimci abin da aka tsara da fasalin fasalin wannan nau'in motar.
Mota
Idan motar dangin ku sedan ce ta yau da kullun, wagon tasha, ko hatchback, to motar fasinja ce.
Motoci sun gyara ko ninka wuraren zama na bazara, tagogi da kofofin fasinjoji da ƙyanƙyasar buya wanda ke tashi daga ƙasa zuwa sama.
Van
Wani abin hawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abin hawa idan yana da ɗaya ko fiye na waɗannan ayyuka masu zuwa:
1. Fiye da wurare takwas
2. Filin matakala biyu-yanki (yanki ne daban na direbobi da fasinjoji daga bayan motar)
3. icakin karba a baya, an tsara shi musamman don ɗaukar kaya (tare da ko ba rufin)
4. Idan na’urar bata da windows a bangarorin gefen baya
5. Idan duka nauyin daukar abin hawa yafi 1000 kg
6. Idan asalin dalilinsa na kasuwanci ne da na gida
Ƙayyadewa
Vans yanzu suna ƙara samun farin jini a cikin duniyar zamani. Musamman, ana buƙatarsu tsakanin mutanen da ke zaune nesa da gari su sayi ɗumbin kaya don bukatunsu, ko kuma daga businessan kasuwa don sauƙaƙe jigilar kayan. Vans za a iya rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan asali da yawa:
Bayarwa motocin
Waɗannan motocin fasali ne da aka kirkira bisa asalin motocin fasinja na nau'in "tashar motar". Sun bambanta a cikin cewa an girka rumfa ta musamman akan irin wannan injin ɗin, wanda ke bayan motar direban.
All-karfe motocin
A cikin wannan ƙirar, wurin da direba yake da kuma sashin kaya ba su kasu kashi biyu. Yawancin yawancin motocin jigilar kayayyaki ana iya sanya su cikin sauƙi ga wannan ajin.
Gaban akwatinan
A wannan yanayin, an rarrabe wurin da aka ɗora kaya daga taksi direba. Wannan yana ba da damar shigar da akwatuna iri-iri a cikin injin ɗin kan abubuwan da aka riga aka shirya. Ainihin, ana samun wannan nau'in motocin ne tsakanin motocin kasuwanci.
Aikin motar na iya bambanta gwargwadon yadda aka ƙera jikin. Da yake magana game da nau'ikan zane-zane, ana iya bambanta masu zuwa:
Waya mai waya
Tsarin wannan nau'in motar yana da ƙarfen ƙarfe mai ƙarfi sosai. Ana haɗa kayan sahewa a ciki bi da bi. Waɗannan na iya zama rumfa, ƙarfe mai walƙiya, plywood na ire-iren abubuwa, bangarorin kumfa, da dai sauransu.
Madauki
Irin wannan ƙirar motocin ya dogara ne akan bangarorin sandwich, tare da bangarori biyu na waje da na rufi waɗanda suka ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na ciki da waje. Duk wannan yana ba da ingantaccen hatimi da ƙarancin yanayin zafi na motar. Don tara irin wannan tsarin, ba a buƙatar firam.
Iri
Waɗanne nau'ikan motocin hawa ake samu?
Bari muyi la'akari da wasu shahararrun nau'ikan da bayanai dalla-dalla na motoci, wadanda aka harhada su ta girman da nau'in su:
Vananan motoci
Girman abu ne mai mahimmanci ga abin hawa, don haka yana iya zama mafi mahimmanci la'akari fiye da nau'in motar. Ƙananan motoci kamar Citroen Berlingo suna da gajeriyar ƙafafun ƙafa da ƙarin motsi, amma a bayyane suna ba da ƙarancin biyan kuɗi.
Mans masu matsakaita
Da kyau cike gibin da ke tsakanin ƙanana da manyan motoci, matsakaita motocin shiga suna ba da sararin ajiya da yawa da kuma walwala mai sauƙi wanda ba shi da bambanci da motar fasinja ta yau da kullun. Vansper Camans da tsakiyar-motocin alfarma irin su Ford Transit Custom ana rarraba su a matsayin matsakaitan motoci.
Manyan motoci
Bayar da matsakaicin nauyin biyan kuɗi, manyan motocin haya suna da dogon ƙafafun ƙafa kuma suna ba da madaidaicin tuƙi godiya ga ƙarin sarari tsakanin axles. Manyan motoci kamar Luton / akwatunan mota, Mercedes-Benz Sprinter su ne manyan motoci.
Koma / 4 × 4
Ana iya gane masu ɗaukar kayan cikin sauƙi saboda suna da ɗakin buɗe kaya a bayan bayan motar, kamar Mitsubishi L200. Hakanan ana ganin shi a matsayin babbar mota, irin wannan motar sau da yawa tana zuwa ko dai ta biyu ko huɗu kuma tana shahara da mutanen da suka saba siyayya a tafi ɗaya.
Comban motocin hawa
Mai iya ɗaukar mutane cikin nutsuwa da / ko kaya, da yawa motocin haɗe -haɗe ko fasinjojin fasinja sun haɗa da murɗa wuraren zama don ƙara haɓaka sararin kaya. Misalan motocin haya sun haɗa da Renault Trafic.
Minibus
Yayi kyau ga manyan iyalai, kananan motoci da motocin hawa da yawa suna da kujerun fasinjoji bakwai, biyu daga cikinsu zasu iya ninka ƙasa ƙasa. Irin wannan motar ya kamata ta ba da ta'aziya da faɗi, kamar yadda Volkswagen Caravelle ke yi.
Luton / akwatin van
Irin wannan motar ta haɗa da rufaffiyar jiki - tsayi, yanki mai murabba'i - tare da taksi daban kuma yawanci yana da faɗi fiye da motar panel. Misalin motar Luton shine dan damben Peugeot. Irin wannan motar haya ta fi so tare da masu jigilar kaya da direbobin bayarwa, kamar yadda siffar murabba'i ta sa ya fi sauƙi don isar da manyan fakiti ko manyan kaya. Wadannan motocin yawanci ana samun su ne kawai daga ƙofofin baya kuma galibi suna da ɗagawa don sauƙaƙa lodi, saboda galibi suna girma daga ƙasa.
Motar juji
A taƙaice, manyan motocin jujjuya ko ɗigogi wani nau'i ne na motar ɗaukar hoto, amma tare da dandamali wanda ke tashi a gaba don "tip" abubuwan da ke ciki a baya. Wasu manyan motocin juji kuma suna ba ku damar karkata zuwa kowane gefe, da kuma zuwa baya, kamar Ford Transit Dropside.
Tambayoyi & Amsa:
Wadanne irin motocin daukar kaya ne akwai? Akwai motoci tare da rumfa, firiji, isothermal, "butterflies" (ɓangarorin gefe suna tashi, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi don saukewa / sauke motar).
Wadanne nau'ikan motoci ne akwai? Nau'in motar ya dogara da manufarsa. Akwai burodi, isothermal, "sandwiches", kerarre kaya, firiji, rumfa, vans (motoci masu canzawa), duk-karfe, kwalaye (bisa ga babbar mota).
Menene jigilar kaya? Waɗannan motoci ne waɗanda ke da sashin kaya daban, kuma jimlar tsawon motar ya wuce mita 6. Wannan rukunin kuma ya haɗa da motoci sama da mita 14.
