Tsarin wutar lantarki

Mota hadadden tsari ne, koda kuwa muna fuskantar tsohuwar al'ada. Na'urar abin hawa ta haɗa da manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa, majalisu da tsarin da, hulɗa da juna, ke ba ku damar aiwatar da aiki kan jigilar kayayyaki da fasinjoji.

Keyungiyar maɓallin kewayawa wanda ke ba da damar motsawar motar shine motar. Injin konewa na ciki wanda ke amfani da mai, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in abin hawa ba, koda kuwa babur ne, za a samar masa da tsarin wuta. Ka'idar aiki ta naurar dizal ta sha bamban saboda cewa VTS a cikin silinda yana haskakawa saboda allurar man dizal a cikin ɓangaren iska mai ɗumi daga tsananin matsewa. Karanta game da wane motsi ya fi kyau. a cikin wani bita.

Yanzu zamu fi maida hankali kan tsarin ƙonewa. A carburetor ICE za a sanye shi da kayan aiki lamba ko gyarawa mara lamba... Akwai riga akwai labarai daban game da tsarin su da banbancin su. Tare da ci gaban kayan lantarki da gabatarwar sa a hankali cikin ababen hawa, motar zamani ta sami tsarin mai mai ci gaba (karanta game da nau'ikan tsarin allura a nan), da kuma ingantaccen tsarin wuta.

Yi la'akari da menene tsarin ƙone wutar lantarki, yadda yake aiki, mahimmancin sa a cikin ƙonewar iska-mai da tasirin motsin. Bari kuma mu ga irin illolin da wannan ke haifarwa.

Menene tsarin kunna wutar lantarki

Idan a cikin tsarin tuntuɓar mu da tsarin rashin tuntuɓar halittar da rarraba walƙiya ana aiwatar da ita ta hanyar inji da kuma ta wani fanni ta hanyar lantarki, to wannan SZ na nau'ikan lantarki ne na musamman. Kodayake tsarin da suka gabata suma suna amfani da na'urorin lantarki, amma suna da abubuwan inji.

Misali, SZ da aka tuntuɓi yana amfani da katse siginar inji wanda ke kunna rufewar ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin murfin da ƙarniwar bugun ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi. Hakanan ya ƙunshi mai rarrabawa wanda ke aiki ta hanyar rufe lambobin sadarwar walƙiya mai dacewa tare da darjewa mai juyawa. A cikin tsarin da ba shi da tuntuɓar, an maye gurbin mai ba da inji ta hanyar firikwensin Hall wanda aka girka a cikin mai rarrabawa, wanda ke da tsari iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a cikin tsarin da ya gabata (don ƙarin bayani game da tsarinta da kuma tsarin aikinta, karanta a cikin wani bita na daban).

Hakanan ana ɗaukar nau'in SZ mai microprocessor mara ma'amala, amma don ƙirƙirar rikicewa, ana kiransa lantarki. A cikin irin wannan kwaskwarima babu abubuwan inji, kodayake shi ma yana ci gaba da gyara saurin juyawa na crankshaft domin sanin lokacin da ya zama dole a samar da tartsatsin wuta zuwa toshewar walƙiya.

A cikin motocin zamani, wannan SZ ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa, waɗanda aikin su ya dogara ne akan ƙirƙirawa da rarraba tasirin lantarki na ƙimomi daban-daban. Don aiki tare da su, akwai na'urori masu auna firikwensin na musamman waɗanda ba su cikin canje-canjen tsarin da suka gabata. Ofayan waɗannan firikwensin shine DPKV, game da wanene raba cikakken labarin.

Sau da yawa, ƙone wutar lantarki yana da alaƙa da haɗin aiki tare da sauran tsarin, misali, mai, shaye shaye da sanyaya. Dukkan matakai ana sarrafa su ta ECU (ƙungiyar sarrafa lantarki). An tsara wannan microprocessor a masana'anta don takamaiman sigogin abin hawa. Idan matsala ta faru a cikin software ko a cikin masu aiwatarwa, sashin sarrafawa yana gyara wannan matsalar kuma yana ba da sanarwar daidai ga dashboard (galibi galn alama ce ta injiniya ko rubutun Injin Bincike).

Wasu matsalolin ana cire su ta hanyar sake saitin kurakurai da aka gano a cikin aikin binciken kwakwalwa. Karanta game da yadda wannan aikin yake. a nan... A cikin wasu motocin, akwai zaɓi na yau da kullun don bincika kansa, wanda zai ba ku damar ƙayyade ainihin matsalar ita ce kuma ko zai yiwu ku gyara shi da kanku. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kiran menu daidai na tsarin jirgin. Ta yaya za a iya yin hakan a cikin wasu motoci, in ji shi daban.

Darajar tsarin ƙone wutar lantarki

Aikin kowane tsarin ƙonewa ba kawai kunna wutar cakuda iska da mai ba. Ya kamata na'urarta ta ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke ƙayyade lokacin mafi inganci lokacin da zai fi kyau a yi shi.

Idan powerarfin wuta yayi aiki a yanayi guda ɗaya kawai, za'a iya cire ƙimar aiki a kowane lokaci. Amma irin wannan aikin ba shi da amfani. Misali, motar ba ta buƙatar babban sakewa don rashin aiki. A gefe guda, lokacin da aka ɗora motar ko ɗaukar sauri, yana buƙatar haɓaka haɓaka. Tabbas, ana iya samun nasarar wannan ta hanyar gearbox tare da adadi mai yawa na sauri, gami da ƙarami da sauri. Koyaya, irin wannan inji zai zama mai rikitarwa ba kawai don amfani dashi ba, amma kuma don kulawa.

Baya ga waɗannan matsalolin, saurin injin injin ba zai ƙyale masana'antun su ƙera manyan abubuwa ba, masu ƙarfi kuma a lokaci guda motocin tattalin arziki. Saboda wadannan dalilai, koda sassa masu karamin karfi an sanye dasu da tsarin shaye shaye wanda zai baiwa direba damar iya tantance kansa yadda halayen motarsa ​​zasu kasance a wani yanayi. Idan yana bukatar tuƙin sannu a hankali, misali, don hawa zuwa motar da ke gabansa a cikin jam, to ya rage saurin injin. Amma don saurin hanzari, misali, kafin doguwar hawa ko lokacin hawa, direba yana buƙatar ƙara saurin injin.

Matsalar canza waɗannan halaye yana da alaƙa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙonewar cakuda mai-iska. A cikin wani yanayi mai kyau, lokacin da ba a ɗora injin ba kuma injin yana kan tsayawa, BTC yana haskakawa daga walƙiyar da ke haifar da walƙiya a daidai lokacin da fiston ya kai ga tsakiyar cibiyar mutuwa, yana yin bugun bugun jini (ga duk bugun jini na injina 4-stroke da 2-stroke, karanta a cikin wani bita). Amma lokacin da aka ɗora kaya a kan injin, misali, abin hawa ya fara motsi, cakuda ya kamata ya fara ƙonewa a TDC na piston ko milliseconds daga baya.

Lokacin da hanzari ya tashi, saboda karfi mara karfi, piston din ya wuce wurin da ake magana da sauri, wanda ke haifar da jinkirin hura wutar mai-iska. A saboda wannan dalili, dole ne a fara walƙiya a cikin millan milliseconds a baya. Ana kiran wannan tasirin lokacin ƙonewa. Sarrafa wannan ma'aunin wani aiki ne na tsarin ƙonewa.

A cikin motocin farko don wannan dalili, akwai lever na musamman a cikin sashin jigilar kaya, ta hanyar motsi wanda direba da kansa ya canza wannan UOZ dangane da takamaiman halin da ake ciki. Don aiwatar da wannan aikin ta atomatik, an ƙara masu daidaitawa guda biyu zuwa tsarin ƙonewar lambobin sadarwa: yanayi da tsaka mai wuya. Abubuwa iri ɗaya suka yi ƙaura zuwa BSZ mafi haɓaka.

Tunda kowane ɓangaren yayi gyare-gyare na inji kawai, ƙarancin tasirinsu ya iyakance. Accuratearin daidaitaccen sashi zuwa yanayin da ake so yana yiwuwa ne kawai godiya ga lantarki. An ƙaddamar da wannan aikin gaba ɗaya zuwa ƙungiyar sarrafawa.

Don fahimtar yadda SZ mai aikin microprocessor ke aiki, da farko kuna buƙatar fahimtar na'urar ta.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin kunnawa na injin allura

Injin allura yana amfani da wutan lantarki, wanda ya ƙunshi:

• mai sarrafawa;
• Crankshaft matsayi firikwensin (DPKV);
• Puley tare da kayan aikin zobe (don ƙayyade lokacin samuwar bugun jini mai ƙarfi);
• Ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki;
• High ƙarfin lantarki wayoyi;
• Spark matosai.

Mu kalli muhimman abubuwan daya bayan daya.

Moduleirar ƙira

Ƙimar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi coils biyu masu kunna wuta da manyan maɓallan wuta guda biyu. Ignition coils suna yin aikin jujjuya ƙarancin wutar lantarki zuwa babban bugun bugun jini. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne saboda katsewar wutar lantarki ta farko, saboda haka ana haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki a cikin iskar na biyu kusa.

Babban bugun bugun wuta ya zama dole domin fitilun fitulu su sami isassun wutar lantarki don kunna cakudar man iska. Maɓalli ya zama dole don kunnawa da kashe iskar farko na wutar lantarki a lokacin da ya dace.

Lokacin aiki na wannan ƙirar yana shafar saurin injin. Dangane da wannan siga, mai sarrafawa yana ƙayyade saurin kunnawa / kashe iska mai kunna wuta.

High Voltage Ignition Wayoyi

Kamar yadda sunan waɗannan abubuwan ya nuna, an ƙirƙira su don ɗaukar babban ƙarfin lantarki daga na'urar kunna wuta zuwa walƙiya. Waɗannan wayoyi suna da babban ɓangaren giciye da mafi girman rufi a cikin duk kayan lantarki. A ɓangarorin biyu na kowane waya akwai luggi waɗanda ke ba da matsakaicin yanki mai lamba tare da kyandir da kullin lamba na module.

Don hana wayoyi daga haifar da tsangwama na lantarki (za su toshe aikin sauran kayan lantarki a cikin mota), manyan wayoyi masu ƙarfi suna da juriya na 6 zuwa 15 ohms. Idan rufi na wayoyi ko da dan kadan karya ta, wannan yana rinjayar aikin injin (VTS yana ƙonewa da kyau ko injin ba ya fara kwata-kwata, kuma kyandir ɗin suna mamaye kullun).

Fusoshin furanni

Domin cakudewar man iskar man ta tashi tsaye, ana murɗa tartsatsin tartsatsin wuta a cikin injin, wanda akan sanya wayoyi masu ƙarfi da ke fitowa daga injin kunnawa. Game da siffofin zane da ka'idar aiki na kyandir raba labarin.

A takaice dai, kowace kyandir tana da na'urar lantarki ta tsakiya da na gefe (ana iya samun na'urori biyu ko fiye na gefe). Lokacin da aka cire haɗin farko na iska a cikin coil, babban ƙarfin lantarki yana gudana daga iska ta biyu ta hanyar kunnawa zuwa wayar da ta dace. Tun da na'urorin lantarki na walƙiya ba a haɗa su da juna ba, amma suna da tazarar daidaitacce daidai, an sami raguwa a tsakanin su - arc na lantarki wanda ke ƙone VTS zuwa zafin wuta.

Ƙarfin walƙiya kai tsaye ya dogara da ratar da ke tsakanin na'urorin lantarki, ƙarfin halin yanzu, nau'in na'urorin lantarki, kuma ingancin wutar lantarki na iska da man fetur ya dogara da matsa lamba a cikin silinda da ingancin wannan cakuda (jikewar sa). .

Matsayin Crankshaft (DPKV)

Wannan firikwensin a cikin tsarin kunna wutan lantarki wani abu ne mai mahimmanci. Yana ba da damar mai sarrafawa koyaushe ya gyara matsayin pistons a cikin silinda (wanda zai kasance a saman matattu cibiyar bugun bugun bugun jini a wannan lokacin). Ba tare da sigina daga wannan firikwensin ba, mai sarrafawa ba zai iya tantance lokacin da za a yi amfani da babban ƙarfin lantarki zuwa wani kyandir ba. A wannan yanayin, ko da tare da tsarin samar da man fetur da wutar lantarki, injin ba zai fara ba.

Na'urar firikwensin yana ƙayyade matsayi na pistons godiya ga kayan zobe a kan ƙwanƙwasa crankshaft. Yana da matsakaicin hakora kusan 60, kuma biyu daga cikinsu sun ɓace. A cikin aikin fara motar, ɗigon haƙori shima yana juyawa. Lokacin da firikwensin (yana aiki akan ka'idar firikwensin Hall) ya gano rashin hakora, ana haifar da bugun jini a ciki, wanda ke zuwa mai sarrafawa.

Dangane da wannan siginar, algorithms ɗin da masana'anta suka tsara suna haifar da su a cikin sashin sarrafawa, waɗanda ke ƙayyade UOZ, matakan allurar mai, aikin injector, da yanayin aiki na ƙirar wuta. Bugu da ƙari, wasu kayan aiki (misali, tachometer) kuma suna aiki akan siginar wannan firikwensin.

Ka'idar aiki da tsarin wutar lantarki

Tsarin yana fara aikinsa ta hanyar haɗa shi da batirin. Contactungiyar tuntuɓar maɓallin kunnawa a cikin yawancin motocin zamani sune ke da alhakin wannan, kuma a cikin wasu samfuran da aka wadata da shigowar maɓalli da maɓallin farawa don rukunin wutar, yana kunna kai tsaye da zarar direban ya danna maɓallin "Fara". A cikin wasu motocin zamani, ana iya sarrafa tsarin ƙonewa ta wayar hannu (fara nesa da injin ƙone ciki).

Abubuwa da yawa suna da alhakin aikin SZ. Mafi mahimmanci daga waɗannan shine firikwensin matsayin crankshaft, wanda aka sanya a cikin tsarin lantarki na injunan allura. Game da menene kuma yadda yake aiki, karanta daban... Yana ba da sigina a wane lokaci piston na farkon silinda zai aiwatar da bugun jini. Wannan motsawar yana zuwa sashin sarrafawa (a cikin tsofaffin motoci, wannan aikin ana yin sa ne ta hanyar chopper da mai rarrabawa), wanda ke kunna madaidaitan murfin haɗin, wanda ke da alhakin samuwar babban ƙarfin lantarki.

A lokacin da aka kunna kewaye, ana kawo wutar lantarki daga batirin zuwa farkon gajeren gajeren gajere. Amma domin walƙiya ta samu, ya zama dole a tabbatar da juyawar crankshaft - ta wannan hanyar ne kawai firikwensin matsayin firikwensin zai iya samar da wata sha'awa don samar da katako mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi. Crankshaft ba zai iya fara juyawa da kansa ba. Ana amfani da Starter don fara motar. Cikakken bayani kan yadda wannan inji yake aiki an bayyana shi daban.

Mai farawa ya tilasta crankshaft. Tare da shi, ƙawancen tashi koyaushe yana juyawa (karanta game da canje-canje daban-daban da ayyukan wannan ɓangaren a nan). An yi ƙaramin rami a kan flange mai ƙwanƙwasa (mafi mahimmanci, haƙori da yawa sun ɓace). An sanya DPKV kusa da wannan ɓangaren, wanda ke aiki bisa ga tsarin Hall. Mai firikwensin yana ƙayyade lokacin lokacin da piston na farkon silinda yake saman cibiya ta mutu ta wurin makunnin da ke kan layin, yana yin bugun matsewa.

Maganin bugun jini da DPKV ya ƙirƙira ana ciyar da shi zuwa ECU. Dangane da algorithms da aka saka a cikin microprocessor, yana ƙayyade lokacin mafi kyau don ƙirƙirar walƙiya a cikin kowane silinda. Unitungiyar sarrafawa ta aika bugun jini zuwa ƙone wuta. Ta hanyar tsoho, wannan ɓangaren tsarin yana ba da murfin tare da ƙarfin lantarki na 12 volts. Da zaran an sami sigina daga ECU, transistor na kunna wuta ya rufe.

A wannan lokacin, wadatar wutar lantarki zuwa gajeriyar hanyar zagayawa ta farko ba zato ba tsammani. Wannan yana haifar da shigar da wutar lantarki, saboda hakan ana samar da babban ƙarfin lantarki (har zuwa dubun dubatan volts) a cikin sakandare na biyu. Dogaro da nau'in tsarin, ana aika wannan aikawar zuwa ga mai rarraba wutar lantarki, ko kuma nan da nan ta tashi daga murfin zuwa toshewar walƙiya.

A farkon lamarin, wayoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki zasu kasance a cikin da'irar SZ. Idan an shigar da murfin wuta kai tsaye a saman toshewar fitilar, to dukkan layin lantarki ya kunshi wayoyi na al'ada wadanda ake amfani dasu a cikin dukkanin kewayen lantarki na tsarin abin hawa.

Da zaran wutar lantarki ta shiga kyandir, sai ruwa ya gudana tsakanin wayoyinta, wanda ke kunna wutar mai (ko gas, a yanayin amfani da shi HBO) da iska. Sannan motar zata iya aiki da kanta, kuma yanzu babu buƙatar mai farawa. Kayan lantarki (idan anyi amfani da maballin farawa) yana cire haɗin mai farawa ta atomatik. A cikin makirci kaɗan, direba a wannan lokacin yana buƙatar sakin mabuɗin, kuma injin da aka ɗora da bazara zai motsa ƙungiyar tuntuɓar maɓallin kunnawa zuwa matsayin tsarin.

Kamar yadda aka ambata kadan a baya, ana kunna lokacin ƙonewa ta ƙungiyar sarrafa kanta. Dogaro da ƙirar mota, da'irar lantarki na iya samun adadin na'urori masu auna sigina daban-daban, gwargwadon bugun jini wanda ECU ta yanke hukunci akan ƙarfin wutar, saurin juyawar crankshaft da camshaft, da sauran sigogin motar. Duk waɗannan siginonin ana sarrafa su ta microprocessor kuma ana kunna algorithms masu dacewa.

Nau'in tsarin wutar lantarki

Duk da irin sauye-sauye iri-iri na tsarin ƙonewa, duk ana iya rarraba su cikin yanayi zuwa nau'i biyu:

• Direct ƙonewa;
• Gnitiononewa ta hanyar mai rarrabawa.

SZs na lantarki na farko an wadata su da maɓallin wuta na musamman, wanda yayi aiki bisa ƙa'ida ɗaya da mai rarraba lamba. Ya rarraba bugun ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa takamaiman silinda. Hakanan ECU ta sarrafa shi. Duk da aikin da aka fi dogara da shi idan aka kwatanta da tsarin mara lamba, wannan gyaran har yanzu yana buƙatar haɓaka.

Na farko, ana iya rasa ƙaramin ƙarfi a kan wayoyi masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi. Abu na biyu, saboda izinin babban ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar abubuwan lantarki, ana buƙatar yin amfani da kayayyaki waɗanda zasu iya aiki a ƙarƙashin irin wannan nauyin. Saboda wadannan dalilan, masu kera motoci sun kirkiro wani tsari mai dauke kai tsaye kai tsaye.

Wannan gyare-gyaren yana amfani da ɗakunan wuta, kawai suna aiki a cikin ƙarancin yanayi. Kewayon irin wannan SZ yana ƙunshe da wayoyi na al'ada, kuma kowane kyandir yana karɓar keɓaɓɓen taya. A cikin wannan sigar, rukunin sarrafawa yana kashe transistor na ƙonewa na wani takamaiman zagaye, don haka adana lokaci don rarraba sha'awar tsakanin silinda. Kodayake duk wannan aikin yana faruwa ne a cikin 'yan milliseconds, har ma da ƙananan canje-canje a wannan lokacin na iya shafar tasirin aikin rukunin wutar.

A matsayin nau'in SZ na wuta kai tsaye, akwai canje-canje tare da ɗakuna biyu. A cikin wannan sigar, za a haɗa motar 4-silinda zuwa tsarin kamar haka. Na farko da na hudu, haka kuma na biyu da na uku suna a layi daya da juna. A cikin irin wannan makircin, za a sami murji biyu, kowane ɗayan yana da alhakin abubuwan silinda nasa. Lokacin da na'urar sarrafawa ta ba da siginar yankewa ga mai kunnawa, walƙiya tana bayyana a lokaci ɗaya a cikin silinda biyu. A ɗayansu, fitarwa ta kunna iska da mai, kuma na biyu ba shi da aiki.

Rashin aikin wuta

Kodayake gabatar da lantarki a cikin motoci na zamani ya ba da damar samar da ingantaccen juzu'i na rukunin wutar lantarki da tsarin jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban, wannan baya keɓance ɓarna koda a cikin irin wannan tsayayyen tsarin kamar ƙonewa. Don ƙayyade matsaloli da yawa, ƙididdigar kwamfuta kawai za ta taimaka. Don daidaitaccen gyaran mota da wutar lantarki, ba kwa buƙatar ɗaukar kwalin difloma a cikin lantarki, amma rashin fa'idar tsarin shi ne cewa za ku iya duba yanayin ta gani ta fuskar kyandiyoyin da ingancin wayoyi.

Hakanan, SZ mai aikin microprocessor baya rasa wasu lalacewa waɗanda ke halayyar tsarin baya. Daga cikin wadannan laifofin:

• Fulogogi na walƙiya sun daina aiki. Daga wani labarin daban zaka iya gano yadda zaka tantance aiyukan su;
• Rushewar iska a cikin murfin;
• Idan ana amfani da wayoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki a cikin tsarin, to saboda tsufa ko ƙarancin rufin rufi, zasu iya fasawa, wanda ke haifar da asarar kuzari. A wannan yanayin, tartsatsin ba shi da karfi sosai (a wasu lokuta, babu ko ɗaya) don ƙone tururin mai wanda aka gauraya da iska;
• Oxidation na lambobin sadarwa, wanda yawanci yakan faru a cikin motocin da ake sarrafawa a yankuna masu ruwa.

Baya ga waɗannan daidaitattun gazawa, ESP na iya dakatar da aiki ko matsalar aiki saboda gazawar naurar firikwensin guda. Wani lokaci matsalar na iya kasancewa a cikin sashin sarrafa wutar lantarki kanta.

Anan akwai manyan dalilan da yasa tsarin ƙonewa bazai yi aiki daidai ba ko kuma baya aiki kwata-kwata:

• Mai motar yayi watsi da gyaran motar na yau da kullun (yayin aikin, tashar sabis tana bincikarwa da share kurakurai waɗanda zasu iya haifar da wasu raunin lantarki);
• Yayin aikin gyarawa, an girka sassa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi da masu motsa jiki, kuma a wasu lokuta, don adana kuɗi, direba ya sayi kayan gyara waɗanda ba su dace da takamaiman sauyin tsarin ba;
• Tasirin abubuwan waje, misali, aiki ko adana abin hawa cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi.

Matsaloli tare da ƙonewa ana iya nuna su ta dalilai kamar:

• Consumptionarin amfani da mai;
• Rashin ingancin injina don latsa maɓallin gas. Game da UOZ wanda bai dace ba, danna maɓallin bugun hanzari na iya, akasin haka, rage tasirin motar;
• Aikin rukunin wutar ya ragu;
• M engine gudu ko shi gaba ɗaya stalls at rago;
• Injin ya fara aiki da kyau

Tabbas, waɗannan alamun alamun na iya nuna lalacewa a cikin wasu tsarin, misali, tsarin mai. Idan akwai raguwar tasirin motsin, rashin kwanciyar hankalinsa, to yakamata ku kalli yanayin wayoyi. A yanayin amfani da wayoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki, zasu iya hudawa, saboda abin da zai rasa haskakawar walƙiya. Idan DPKV ya lalace, motar ba zata fara komai ba.

Inara yawan cunkoson ɗinka naúrar na iya haɗuwa da aiki mara kyau na kyandirori, sauyawar ECU zuwa yanayin gaggawa saboda kurakurai a ciki, ko tare da lalacewar firikwensin da ke shigowa. Wasu gyare-gyare na tsarin jirgi na motoci an sanye su da zaɓi na bincikar kansu, yayin da direba zai iya gano lambar kuskuren da kansa, sannan aiwatar da aikin gyara da ya dace.

Shigar da wutar lantarki akan mota

Idan motar tana amfani da wutar lantarki, ana iya maye gurbin wannan tsarin tare da kunna wutar lantarki. Gaskiya, don wannan wajibi ne don siyan ƙarin abubuwa, ba tare da abin da tsarin ba zai yi aiki ba. Yi la'akari da abin da ake bukata don wannan da kuma yadda ake yin aikin.

Ana shirya kayayyakin gyara

Don haɓaka tsarin kunna wuta kuna buƙatar:

• Mai Rarraba nau'in lamba mara waya. Hakanan za ta rarraba wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ta cikin wayoyi zuwa kowane kyandir. Kowace mota tana da nata nau'ikan masu rarrabawa.
• Sauya Wannan sigar lantarki ce mai katsewa, wanda a cikin tsarin kunnawa lamba yana da nau'in injina (madaidaicin jujjuyawar juyawa akan shaft, buɗewa / rufe lambobin sadarwa na iskar farko na wutar lantarki). Maɓallin yana amsa bugun jini daga firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft kuma yana rufe / buɗe lambobi na coil ɗin kunnawa (wining na farko).
• Ƙunƙarar wuta. A ka'ida, wannan nau'in nada ne wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin tsarin kunnawa lamba. Domin kyandir ya sami damar shiga cikin iska tsakanin na'urorin lantarki, ana buƙatar babban ƙarfin lantarki. Yana samuwa a cikin iska na biyu lokacin da aka kashe firamare.
• High ƙarfin lantarki wayoyi. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da sababbin wayoyi, kuma ba waɗanda aka shigar a kan tsarin kunnawa na baya ba.
• Sabon saitin tartsatsin wuta.

Baya ga manyan abubuwan da aka jera, kuna buƙatar siyan ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa na musamman tare da zobe na zobe, dutsen firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft da firikwensin kanta.

Hanyar aiwatar da aikin shigarwa

An cire murfin daga mai rarrabawa (ana haɗa wayoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki da shi). Ana iya cire wayoyi da kansu. Tare da taimakon mai farawa, crankshaft yana jujjuya kadan har sai resistor da motar sun samar da kusurwar dama. Bayan an saita kusurwar matsayi na resistor, crankshaft ba za a iya juya ba.

Don saita lokacin kunna daidai, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan alamomi biyar da aka buga akansa. Dole ne a shigar da sabon mai rarraba don alamar ta tsakiya ta dace da tsakiyar alamar tsohuwar mai rarraba (don wannan, kafin cire tsohon mai rarrabawa, dole ne a yi amfani da alamar da ta dace a kan motar).

Wayoyin da ke da alaƙa da na'urar kunna wuta sun katse. Na gaba, tsohon mai rarrabawa yana kwance kuma an rushe shi. An shigar da sabon mai rarrabawa daidai da lakabin da aka sanya akan motar.

Bayan shigar da mai rarrabawa, za mu ci gaba da maye gurbin wutar lantarki (abubuwan da ake amfani da su don sadarwa da tsarin wutar lantarki ba su da dangantaka sun bambanta). An haɗa coil ɗin zuwa sabon mai rarrabawa ta amfani da waya ta tsakiya mai rahusa uku.

Bayan haka, an shigar da maɓalli a cikin sarari kyauta na sashin injin. Kuna iya gyara shi a jikin mota tare da screws ko skru masu ɗaukar kai. Bayan haka, an haɗa mai kunnawa zuwa tsarin kunnawa.

Bayan haka, ana shigar da juzu'i mai haƙori tare da wucewa don firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft. Kusa da waɗannan haƙora, an shigar da DPKV (don wannan, ana amfani da madaidaicin sashi na musamman, wanda aka gyara zuwa gidan silinda), wanda aka haɗa zuwa mai canzawa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tsallakewar haƙori ya zo daidai da tsakiyar matattu na piston a farkon silinda akan bugun bugun jini.

Fa'idodin tsarin ƙone wutar lantarki

Kodayake gyaran tsarin ƙone microprocessor zai bata wa mai mota kuɗin tsada, kuma binciken rashin aiki ƙari ne ƙarin farashi, idan aka kwatanta da SZ ɗin da ba shi da lamba, yana aiki da tsayayye da aminci. Wannan shine babbar fa'idarsa.

Anan ga wasu ƙarin fa'idodi na ESP:

• Wasu gyare-gyare har ma ana iya sanya su akan rukunin wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da su akan motocin gida;
• Saboda rashin mai rarraba lamba da mai warwarewa, zai zama zai yiwu a ƙara ƙarfin lantarki na biyu har zuwa sau ɗaya da rabi. Godiya ga wannan, masu walƙiya suna haifar da walƙiya "mai", kuma ƙonewar HTS ya fi karko;
• Lokacin ƙirƙirar bugun jini mai ƙarfin gaske an ƙaddara shi daidai, kuma wannan aikin yana da karko a cikin halaye daban-daban na aikin injin ƙone ciki;
• Abubuwan aiki na tsarin ƙonewa ya kai kilomita dubu 150 daga nisan motar, kuma a wasu lokuta ma ya fi haka;
• Motar tana aiki sosai, ba tare da la'akari da yanayi da yanayin aiki ba;
• Ba kwa buƙatar ɓatar da lokaci mai yawa don maganin rigakafi da ganewar asali, kuma daidaitawa a cikin motoci da yawa yana faruwa saboda girka madaidaiciyar software;
• Kasancewar kayan lantarki yana ba ka damar sauya sigogin ƙarfin wuta ba tare da tsangwama ga ɓangaren fasaha ba. Misali, wasu masu ababen hawa suna aiwatar da aikin gyaran guntu. Game da waɗanne halaye wannan aikin yake shafar, da yadda ake aiwatar da shi, karanta a cikin wani bita... A takaice, wannan shine girka wasu manhajojin da suke shafar ba kawai tsarin wuta ba, har ma da lokacin da ingancin sanya man. Ana iya zazzage shirin daga Intanet kyauta, amma a wannan yanayin kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa software ɗin tana da inganci kuma ya dace da wata mota.

Kodayake wutar lantarki ta fi tsada don kulawa da gyara, kuma mafi yawan aikin dole ne gwani ya yi shi, wannan fa'idar ta samu daidaituwa ta aiki mai ɗorewa da sauran fa'idodin da muka ɗauka.

Wannan bidiyon yana nuna yadda za'a girka ESP da kansa akan kayan gargajiya:

MPSZ. Microprocessor tsarin wuta.

Bidiyo akan batun

Anan ga ɗan gajeren bidiyo na yadda tsarin sauyawa daga na'urar kunna lamba zuwa na'urar lantarki ya kasance kamar haka:

Shigar da wutar lantarki a kan VAZ 2101-2107.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Ina ake amfani da tsarin kunna wutar lantarki? Duk motocin zamani, ba tare da la’akari da aji ba, suna da irin wannan tsarin kunna wuta. A cikinsa, ana haifar da duk abubuwan motsa jiki kuma ana rarraba su kawai godiya ga kayan lantarki.

Ta yaya wutar lantarki ke aiki? DPKV yana gyara lokacin TDC na silinda 1st akan bugun bugun jini, yana aika bugun bugun jini zuwa ECU. Maɓallin yana aika sigina zuwa gaɗaɗɗen kunnawa (gaba ɗaya sannan babban ƙarfin lantarki zuwa filogi ko mutum).

Menene ya haɗa a cikin tsarin kunna wutar lantarki? An haɗa shi da baturi, kuma yana da: mai kunna wuta, coil / s, spark plugs, na'ura mai sarrafawa ta lantarki (yana yin aikin sauyawa da mai rarrabawa), na'urorin shigarwa.

Menene fa'idodin tsarin kunna wuta mara lamba? Mafi ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali walƙiya (babu asarar wutar lantarki a lambobi na mai karya ko mai rarrabawa). Godiya ga wannan, man fetur yana ƙonewa da kyau kuma shaye-shaye ya fi tsabta.